第十二次课讲义含解题思路.docx

第十二次课讲义含解题思路.docx

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第十二次课讲义含解题思路

历年真题实战技巧（13）

2006年卫生类C

Sleepwalking（梦游）

　　Notallsleepisthesameeverynight.Weexperiencesomedeep,quietsleepandsomeactivesleep,whichiswhendreamshappen.Youmightthinksleepwalkingwouldhappenduringactivesleep,butapersonisn'tphysicallyactiveduringactivesleep.Sleepwalkingusuallyhappensinthefirstfewhoursofsleepinthestagecalledslow-waveordeepsleep.

　　Notallsleepwalkersactuallywalk.Somesimplysituporstandinbedoractlikethey'reawakewheninfact,they'reasleep!

Most,however,dogetupandmovearoundforafewsecondsorforaslongashalfanhour.

　　Sleepwalkers'eyesareopen,buttheydon'tseethesamewaytheydowhenthey'reawakeandoftenthinkthey'reindifferentroomsofthehouseordifferentplacesaltogether'.Sleepwalkerstendtogobacktobedontheirownandtheywon'trememberitinthemorning.

　　Researchersestimatethatabout15%ofkidssleepwalkregularly.Sleepwalkingmayruninfamilies（在家族中世代相传）andsometimesoccurswhenapersonissick,hasafever,isnotgettingenoughsleep,orisstressed（紧张）.

　　Ifsleepwalkingoccursfrequently,everynightorso,it'sagoodideaforyourmomordadtotakeyoutoseeyourdoctor.Butoccasionalsleepwalkinggenerallyisn'tsomethingtoworryabout,althoughitmaylookfunnyorevenscary（骇人的）forthepeoplewhoseeasleepwalkerinaction.

Althoughoccasionalsleepwalkingisn'tabigdeal,it'simportant,ofcourse,thatthepersoniskeptsafe.Precautions（预防措施）shouldbetakensothepersonislesslikelytofalldown,runintosomething,orwalkoutthefrontdoorwhilesleepwalking.

解题思路

文章标题——“梦游”。

由于标题很短，信息量不足，故尽量多读些与中心有关的内容，“but”所在句子意思——“你可能认为梦游发生在睡眠活跃期，但是，一个人的睡眠活跃期并不意味着身体也活跃”

31．Whendoessleepwalkingusuallyoccur?

　　ADuringactivesleep,

　　BDuringdeepsleep.

　　CInthedaytime.

DIntheearlymorning.

解题思路

32．Whatmostsleepwalkersdois

　　Asimplysitup.

　　Bsimplystandinbed.

　　Cgetupandwalkforsometime

Dgetupandwalkforhours

解题思路

33．Sleepwalkersusuallygobacktobed

　　A.afterwakingup.

　　B.afterbeingwokenup.

　　C.withthehelpofothers.

D.bythemselves.

解题思路

34．You'dbettergoandseeadoctorifyou

　　A．seeasleepwalkerinaction.

　　B．neversleepwalk,

　　C．sleepwalkfrequently.

D．sleepwalkoccasionally

解题思路

35．Measures措施shouldbetakento

　　Akeepsleepwalkerssafe.

　　Bpreventpeoplefromsleepwalking

　　Cavoidrunningintosleepwalkers.

Dhelppeoplesleepwell.

解题思路

历年真题实战技巧（14）

2005年理工类B

Almost差不多Human人类

Scientistsareracing竞赛tobuildtheworld’sfirstthinkingrobot．Thisisnotsciencefiction：

somesaytheywillhavemade制造itby截止theyear2020CarolPackerreports

Machinesthatwalk，speakandfeelarenolongersciencefiction．Kismetisthenameofanandroid（机器人）whichscientistshavebuiltattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）．KismetisdifferentfromthetraditionalrobotbecauseitCanshowhumanemotions情感．Itseyes，earsandlipsmovetoshowwhenitfeelshappy.sadorbored．Kismetisoneofthefirstofanewgenerationofandroids——robots机器人thatlooklikehumanbeings——whichCanimitatehumanfeelings．Cog，anotherandroidinventedbytheMIT,imitatestheaction行动ofamother．However,scientistsadmitthatSofarCoghasthementalabilityofatwo—year—old．

Theoptimists（乐观主义者）saythatbytheyear2020wewillhavecreatedhumanoids（机器人）withbrainssimilartothoseofalladulthumanbeing．Theserobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemmoreattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic．Whatkindofjobswilltheydo?

Inthefuture，robotslikeRobonaut，ahumanoidinventedbyNASA，willbedoingdangerousjobs，likerepairing修理spacestations．TheywillalsobedoingmoreandmomofthehouseholdworkforusInJapan，scientistsaredesigningandroidsthatwillentertainusbydancingandplayingthepiano．

Somepeopleworryaboutwhatthefutureholds：

willrobotsbecomemonsters（怪物）?

Willpeoplethemselvesbecomeincreasinglylikerobots?

Expertspredictthatmoreandmorepeoplewillbewearingmicro—computers，connectedtotheInternet，inthefuture．Peoplewillhavemicro—chipsinvariouspartsoftheirbody，whichwillconnectthemtoawidevarietyofgadgets（小装置）．Perhapsweshouldnotexaggerate（夸大）theimportanceoftechnology，butonewonderswhether，inyearstocome，wewillstillbefallinginlove，andwhetherwewillstillfeelpain．Whoknows?

解题思路

文章标题——“差不多是人类”。

找出中心句标志词，读出中心句后，发现，这是一篇说明机器人的文章。

31Kismetisdifferentfromtraditionalrobotsbecause

AitthinksforitselfBitisnotlikesciencefiction

Citcanlookaftertwo—year-old．Ditseemstohavehumanfeelings情感．

解题思路

32WhatmakesCogspecial?

AItlookslikeamother．

B Itbehaveslikeachild．

CItcanimitatethebehavior行为ofamother．

DIthasahugebrain．

解题思路

33Inabout15years’timefromnow，robots

Awillbecomespacedesigners．B willlooklikemonsters．

Cwillbehavelikeanimals．D willthinklikehumans．

解题思路

34Inthefuturerobotswillalso

 Aexplore探索space．Bentertainpeople．

Cmovemuchfaster．Ddoa11ofthehousework．

解题思路

35Whatisthewriter’sattitudetorobotsinthefuture?

A CriticalB Hostile不友善的C ObjectiveD Enthusiastic热情的

解题思路

历年真题实战技巧（15）

2005年卫生类B

USStates国家DoPoorly不好的inWomen'sHealth女性健康

NotasingleUSstatemeetsbasicfederalgoalsforwomen'shealth，andthenationasawhole全部fails失败exceptintwoareas—mammograms（乳腺x光照片）anddental（牙齿的）check-ups—researcherssaidonThursday

Millionsofwomenlackhealthinsurance，andstatesmakeitdifficulttoenroll（加八）inMedicaid—thestate-federalhealthinsuranceplanforthepoor，accordingtothereport．

　　Andfewstatesaredoinganywherenearenoughtohelpwomenquitsmoking——theleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStates

　“Thenationasawholeandtheindividualstatesfallshortofmeetingnationalgoals，”readsthereport．puttogetherbytheNationalWomen'sLawCenterandtheOregonHealth＆ScienceUniversity．“Thesehealthgoalsprovidearoadmapforassessingthestatusofwomen'shealth．”

　　Of27measuresexaminedbythegroup，fromscreeningfordiseasestoactuallytreatingthem．thenationpassesononlytwo，theresearcherssaid“Thenationissofarfromthehealthgoalsthatitreceivesanoverallgradeof‘unsatisfactory’，”theywrote．

　　Theproblemseemstobealackamongstatesofanoverallplanforhealthingeneral，theNWLCsaid．

　　“Statepolicymakers'piecemealapproachtoourhealthcarecrisishasresultedinacomplexandineffectivesystemthatfails失败tomeetthehealthcareneedsofwomen,"JudyWaxmanNWLCVicePresidentforHealth，saidinastatement．

“Lawmakersneedtotakeacomprehensive，long-termapproachtomeetingwomen‘shealthneedsandtacklethisseriousproblemthattroublessomanyfamilies．”

解题思路

文章标题——“美国对女性健康问题做的不够好”。

中心句——除了女性健康问题的解决中，除了两个领域，其它都失败了。

31Inwhichareaisthenationsuccessful?

　　ADentalcheck-ups．

　　BHealthpromotion．

　　CDiseasescreening

DCancertreatment．

解题思路

32Medicaidisaprogramaimedathelping

　　Awomen．

　　Bthepoor．

　　Ctheold

Dchildren

解题思路

33WhichisAmerica'snumberonekiller?

　　AStress

　　BHeartdisease

　　CCancer

DSmoking

解题思路

34Thenationalgoalsforwomen'shealthmakeiteasierto

　　Ameetwomen'shealthneeds

　　Bassessthestatusofwomen'shealth．

　　Csolvewomen'shealthproblems

Ddealwiththehealthcarecrisis

解题思路

35Whichapproachwasrecommended推荐byJudyWaxman?

　　AThepiecemeal零碎的approach

　　BAstate-federalapproach

　　CAcomprehensive综合的，long—term长期的approach．

　　DAcomplex复杂的approach．

解题思路

历年真题实战技巧（16）

2004年理工A

Technology技术Transfer转让inGermany德国

Whenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchintoindustrialsuccess,few几乎没有nations国家canmatch赶上Germany.Sincethe1940s,thenation’svastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamofnewideasandexpertisefromscience.AndthoughGermanprosperity（繁荣）hasfaltered（衰退）overthepastdecadebecauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellastheglobaleconomicdecline,itstillhasanenviable（令人羡慕的）recordforturningideasintoprofit.

MuchofthereasonforthatsuccessistheFraunhoferSociety,anetworkokresearchinstitutesthatexistssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsandcreatesought-aftertechnologies.ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstituteshavecompetition.Universitiesaretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransfer,andtechnologyparksarespringingupallover.Theseeffortsarebeingcomplementedbythefederalprogrammesforpumpingmoneyintostart-upcompanies.

Suchastrategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomicsuccess,butitisnotwithoutitscritics.Thesepeopleworrythatfavoringappliedresearchwillmeanneglectingbasicscience,eventuallystarvingindustryoffreshideas.Ifeveryscientiststartsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur（企业家）,theargumentgoes,thenthetraditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeingcuriosity-drive,freeandwidelyavailablewillsuffer.Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogrammestopromotetechnologytransferareawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthatarepromotedareboundtogobankruptwithinafewyears.

Whilethisdebatecontinues,newideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany’sresearchnetworks,whichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtz,MaxPlanckandLeibniz.Yetitisthefourthnetwork,theFraunhoferSocietythatplaysthegreatestroleintechnologytransfer.

Foundedin1949,theFraunhoferSocietyisnowEurope’slargestorganizationforappliedtechnology,andhas59institutesemploying12,000people.Itcontinuestogrow.Lastyear,itswalloweduptheHeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTe