第十二次课讲义含解题思路.docx
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第十二次课讲义含解题思路
历年真题实战技巧(13)
2006年卫生类C
Sleepwalking(梦游)
Notallsleepisthesameeverynight.Weexperiencesomedeep,quietsleepandsomeactivesleep,whichiswhendreamshappen.Youmightthinksleepwalkingwouldhappenduringactivesleep,butapersonisn'tphysicallyactiveduringactivesleep.Sleepwalkingusuallyhappensinthefirstfewhoursofsleepinthestagecalledslow-waveordeepsleep.
Notallsleepwalkersactuallywalk.Somesimplysituporstandinbedoractlikethey'reawakewheninfact,they'reasleep!
Most,however,dogetupandmovearoundforafewsecondsorforaslongashalfanhour.
Sleepwalkers'eyesareopen,buttheydon'tseethesamewaytheydowhenthey'reawakeandoftenthinkthey'reindifferentroomsofthehouseordifferentplacesaltogether'.Sleepwalkerstendtogobacktobedontheirownandtheywon'trememberitinthemorning.
Researchersestimatethatabout15%ofkidssleepwalkregularly.Sleepwalkingmayruninfamilies(在家族中世代相传)andsometimesoccurswhenapersonissick,hasafever,isnotgettingenoughsleep,orisstressed(紧张).
Ifsleepwalkingoccursfrequently,everynightorso,it'sagoodideaforyourmomordadtotakeyoutoseeyourdoctor.Butoccasionalsleepwalkinggenerallyisn'tsomethingtoworryabout,althoughitmaylookfunnyorevenscary(骇人的)forthepeoplewhoseeasleepwalkerinaction.
Althoughoccasionalsleepwalkingisn'tabigdeal,it'simportant,ofcourse,thatthepersoniskeptsafe.Precautions(预防措施)shouldbetakensothepersonislesslikelytofalldown,runintosomething,orwalkoutthefrontdoorwhilesleepwalking.
解题思路
文章标题——“梦游”。
由于标题很短,信息量不足,故尽量多读些与中心有关的内容,“but”所在句子意思——“你可能认为梦游发生在睡眠活跃期,但是,一个人的睡眠活跃期并不意味着身体也活跃”
31.Whendoessleepwalkingusuallyoccur?
ADuringactivesleep,
BDuringdeepsleep.
CInthedaytime.
DIntheearlymorning.
解题思路
32.Whatmostsleepwalkersdois
Asimplysitup.
Bsimplystandinbed.
Cgetupandwalkforsometime
Dgetupandwalkforhours
解题思路
33.Sleepwalkersusuallygobacktobed
A.afterwakingup.
B.afterbeingwokenup.
C.withthehelpofothers.
D.bythemselves.
解题思路
34.You'dbettergoandseeadoctorifyou
A.seeasleepwalkerinaction.
B.neversleepwalk,
C.sleepwalkfrequently.
D.sleepwalkoccasionally
解题思路
35.Measures措施shouldbetakento
Akeepsleepwalkerssafe.
Bpreventpeoplefromsleepwalking
Cavoidrunningintosleepwalkers.
Dhelppeoplesleepwell.
解题思路
历年真题实战技巧(14)
2005年理工类B
Almost差不多Human人类
Scientistsareracing竞赛tobuildtheworld’sfirstthinkingrobot.Thisisnotsciencefiction:
somesaytheywillhavemade制造itby截止theyear2020CarolPackerreports
Machinesthatwalk,speakandfeelarenolongersciencefiction.Kismetisthenameofanandroid(机器人)whichscientistshavebuiltattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT).KismetisdifferentfromthetraditionalrobotbecauseitCanshowhumanemotions情感.Itseyes,earsandlipsmovetoshowwhenitfeelshappy.sadorbored.Kismetisoneofthefirstofanewgenerationofandroids——robots机器人thatlooklikehumanbeings——whichCanimitatehumanfeelings.Cog,anotherandroidinventedbytheMIT,imitatestheaction行动ofamother.However,scientistsadmitthatSofarCoghasthementalabilityofatwo—year—old.
Theoptimists(乐观主义者)saythatbytheyear2020wewillhavecreatedhumanoids(机器人)withbrainssimilartothoseofalladulthumanbeing.Theserobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemmoreattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.Whatkindofjobswilltheydo?
Inthefuture,robotslikeRobonaut,ahumanoidinventedbyNASA,willbedoingdangerousjobs,likerepairing修理spacestations.TheywillalsobedoingmoreandmomofthehouseholdworkforusInJapan,scientistsaredesigningandroidsthatwillentertainusbydancingandplayingthepiano.
Somepeopleworryaboutwhatthefutureholds:
willrobotsbecomemonsters(怪物)?
Willpeoplethemselvesbecomeincreasinglylikerobots?
Expertspredictthatmoreandmorepeoplewillbewearingmicro—computers,connectedtotheInternet,inthefuture.Peoplewillhavemicro—chipsinvariouspartsoftheirbody,whichwillconnectthemtoawidevarietyofgadgets(小装置).Perhapsweshouldnotexaggerate(夸大)theimportanceoftechnology,butonewonderswhether,inyearstocome,wewillstillbefallinginlove,andwhetherwewillstillfeelpain.Whoknows?
解题思路
文章标题——“差不多是人类”。
找出中心句标志词,读出中心句后,发现,这是一篇说明机器人的文章。
31Kismetisdifferentfromtraditionalrobotsbecause
AitthinksforitselfBitisnotlikesciencefiction
Citcanlookaftertwo—year-old.Ditseemstohavehumanfeelings情感.
解题思路
32WhatmakesCogspecial?
AItlookslikeamother.
B Itbehaveslikeachild.
CItcanimitatethebehavior行为ofamother.
DIthasahugebrain.
解题思路
33Inabout15years’timefromnow,robots
Awillbecomespacedesigners.B willlooklikemonsters.
Cwillbehavelikeanimals.D willthinklikehumans.
解题思路
34Inthefuturerobotswillalso
Aexplore探索space.Bentertainpeople.
Cmovemuchfaster.Ddoa11ofthehousework.
解题思路
35Whatisthewriter’sattitudetorobotsinthefuture?
A CriticalB Hostile不友善的C ObjectiveD Enthusiastic热情的
解题思路
历年真题实战技巧(15)
2005年卫生类B
USStates国家DoPoorly不好的inWomen'sHealth女性健康
NotasingleUSstatemeetsbasicfederalgoalsforwomen'shealth,andthenationasawhole全部fails失败exceptintwoareas—mammograms(乳腺x光照片)anddental(牙齿的)check-ups—researcherssaidonThursday
Millionsofwomenlackhealthinsurance,andstatesmakeitdifficulttoenroll(加八)inMedicaid—thestate-federalhealthinsuranceplanforthepoor,accordingtothereport.
Andfewstatesaredoinganywherenearenoughtohelpwomenquitsmoking——theleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStates
“Thenationasawholeandtheindividualstatesfallshortofmeetingnationalgoals,”readsthereport.puttogetherbytheNationalWomen'sLawCenterandtheOregonHealth&ScienceUniversity.“Thesehealthgoalsprovidearoadmapforassessingthestatusofwomen'shealth.”
Of27measuresexaminedbythegroup,fromscreeningfordiseasestoactuallytreatingthem.thenationpassesononlytwo,theresearcherssaid“Thenationissofarfromthehealthgoalsthatitreceivesanoverallgradeof‘unsatisfactory’,”theywrote.
Theproblemseemstobealackamongstatesofanoverallplanforhealthingeneral,theNWLCsaid.
“Statepolicymakers'piecemealapproachtoourhealthcarecrisishasresultedinacomplexandineffectivesystemthatfails失败tomeetthehealthcareneedsofwomen,"JudyWaxmanNWLCVicePresidentforHealth,saidinastatement.
“Lawmakersneedtotakeacomprehensive,long-termapproachtomeetingwomen‘shealthneedsandtacklethisseriousproblemthattroublessomanyfamilies.”
解题思路
文章标题——“美国对女性健康问题做的不够好”。
中心句——除了女性健康问题的解决中,除了两个领域,其它都失败了。
31Inwhichareaisthenationsuccessful?
ADentalcheck-ups.
BHealthpromotion.
CDiseasescreening
DCancertreatment.
解题思路
32Medicaidisaprogramaimedathelping
Awomen.
Bthepoor.
Ctheold
Dchildren
解题思路
33WhichisAmerica'snumberonekiller?
AStress
BHeartdisease
CCancer
DSmoking
解题思路
34Thenationalgoalsforwomen'shealthmakeiteasierto
Ameetwomen'shealthneeds
Bassessthestatusofwomen'shealth.
Csolvewomen'shealthproblems
Ddealwiththehealthcarecrisis
解题思路
35Whichapproachwasrecommended推荐byJudyWaxman?
AThepiecemeal零碎的approach
BAstate-federalapproach
CAcomprehensive综合的,long—term长期的approach.
DAcomplex复杂的approach.
解题思路
历年真题实战技巧(16)
2004年理工A
Technology技术Transfer转让inGermany德国
Whenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchintoindustrialsuccess,few几乎没有nations国家canmatch赶上Germany.Sincethe1940s,thenation’svastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamofnewideasandexpertisefromscience.AndthoughGermanprosperity(繁荣)hasfaltered(衰退)overthepastdecadebecauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellastheglobaleconomicdecline,itstillhasanenviable(令人羡慕的)recordforturningideasintoprofit.
MuchofthereasonforthatsuccessistheFraunhoferSociety,anetworkokresearchinstitutesthatexistssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsandcreatesought-aftertechnologies.ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstituteshavecompetition.Universitiesaretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransfer,andtechnologyparksarespringingupallover.Theseeffortsarebeingcomplementedbythefederalprogrammesforpumpingmoneyintostart-upcompanies.
Suchastrategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomicsuccess,butitisnotwithoutitscritics.Thesepeopleworrythatfavoringappliedresearchwillmeanneglectingbasicscience,eventuallystarvingindustryoffreshideas.Ifeveryscientiststartsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur(企业家),theargumentgoes,thenthetraditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeingcuriosity-drive,freeandwidelyavailablewillsuffer.Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogrammestopromotetechnologytransferareawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthatarepromotedareboundtogobankruptwithinafewyears.
Whilethisdebatecontinues,newideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany’sresearchnetworks,whichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtz,MaxPlanckandLeibniz.Yetitisthefourthnetwork,theFraunhoferSocietythatplaysthegreatestroleintechnologytransfer.
Foundedin1949,theFraunhoferSocietyisnowEurope’slargestorganizationforappliedtechnology,andhas59institutesemploying12,000people.Itcontinuestogrow.Lastyear,itswalloweduptheHeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTe