新世纪研究生英语教程综合英语第四版北京理工大学出版社unit127811TestATestB课后答案.docx

新世纪研究生英语教程综合英语第四版北京理工大学出版社unit127811TestATestB课后答案.docx

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新世纪研究生英语教程综合英语第四版北京理工大学出版社unit127811TestATestB课后答案

Unit1FreeFalling

1.Whatisthemainsubjectintroducedinparagraphone?

Itisthedescriptionoftheeffectofsayingfarewelltohisparents,friendsandfolksontheauthor.

2.Howisthestoryorganized?

Thestoryischronologicallyorganized（followingthetimesequenceinwhichtheeventunfoldeditself）.

3.HowdidWeckerlyfeelbeforethedayofhisdeparture?

Hefelteagerandexcitedtowaitforthedaytocome.

4.Howdidhismoodchangewhenthedayhadreallycome?

Attheverybeginninghebecamesentimentalaboutsayinggood-byetomanypeoplearoundhim.Facingtherealityofbecomingindependent,hebegantofeelafraidanduncertain.

5.Whatdoyouthinkabouttheendingofthestory?

Itisveryimpressive.Weckerlyendsthestorywithametaphorwhichcatchestheessenceoftheparticularmomentaccurately.Hecompareshimselftoarookieskydiverpreparingforhisfirstplunge,whichleadstopossibleoutcomes:

sheerexcitementoreventualdeath.Thelastsentence"Hecloseshiseyes,takesadeepbreath,andjumps"symbolizesthefactthatfromthatdayontheauthorjumpsintothefutureofbeingindependentnomatterhowlongandcomplicatedtheroadtoitis.

Whatistheeffectofsayingfarewellandactualleavingontheauthor?

Whomdidtheauthorliketosaygood-byeto?

Whatwastheauthor'smoodlikebeforethedayofdepartureandafter?

Howdidhismother'smoodchangeduringhisbrunchwithher?

Whatwasthesignificanceoftheparticulardaytotheauthor?

SuggestedSummary

Thetimeofsayinggood-byeandactualleavingmakesagreatimpactontheauthor,whichisfullydemonstratedintheopeningsentence.Hegivesageneraldescriptionofhowhefeelsonthatparticularday,duringwhichhisownmoodchangesfromsheerexcitementfortheprospectofbecomingindependentandfreetofearanduncertaintytoamixtureofboth.ByhisbrunchingwithMomandsayinggood-byetoher,hemakesaverysmoothdepictionofthechangeofhismother'smoodfrombeingchattyandcheerfulatthebeginningtobeingquiet,evensomberasthefinalmomentcomes.Tobringthestorytoitsclimax,theauthorendsthestorywithasymbolicdescription.Hecompareshimselftoarookieskydiverpreparingforhisfirstplungethatleadstopossibleoutcomes:

sheerexcitementoreventualdeath.Nomatterwhatwillhappen,hecloseshiseyes,takesadeepbreathandjumpsintothefuture.

Unit2TheNewEconomicsofOil

1.Whywon'toilpricesriseatalloverthelongtime?

Firstly,becauseproducersneedthecashfromoiltoomuchtolettheirsupplybeinterruptedforlong.Secondly,andmoreimportant,becausedemandgrowthcan'tpushpricesupwardaslongasitisbalancedbysupplygrowth.

2.Whycan'tthemembersoftheOPECraiseoilprices?

Becauseiftheydo,non-OPECsourceswillgrabmarketsharebydevelopingfieldswheretechnologyhasmadeproductionaffordable.

3.Whyhavemostmajorscuttheircostsonoil?

Becausetechnologyletsthecompaniesmaintainhealthyearningsatsteadilyloweroilprices.

4.Whotakesaleadintheoilcompanies?

Thosethatmastertechnologyandefficiency,suchasShell,Exxon,andBritishPetroleum.

Shouldweworryabouttheoilprice?

Whatisthemainreasonforoilpricetofall?

IsRainwater'shigh-pricetheoryright?

Whatinfluencesoilindustryprofitsmost?

Howwillloweroilpriceinfluencetheworldeconomy?

SuggestedSummary

Thearticleaimsatestablishingtheideathatoilpricewillnotriseevenasdemandsoars.Tobeginwith,theauthorshowstheincreasingconsumptionofoilaroundtheworldandtheimpactoftechnologyonoilindustry.Bygivingseveralexamples,hedrawstheconclusionthattheneedforcashanddependenceontechnologyleadstothefactthatoilpriceswillevenfall.Furthermore,technologicalupdating,slashingthecostsoffinding,producing,andrefiningoil,isalsoareasontosupporttheauthor'spoint.Thereisevidencethattechnologyletstheworldcompaniesmaintainhealthyearningsatloweroilprices.Inconclusion,cheapoilacceleratestheworldeconomy,andadownsidepricescenarioisincreasinglylikely.

1.Inthefirstyearofpeace,Lebanon'sGDPsoaredbyalmost40%.（C）

A.flewB.hoveredC.increasedD.decreased

2.SAIC'spreviousskirmisheswithinvestigatorshadattractedlittleattention.（D）

A.conflictsB.strugglesC.skatesD.arguments

3.Theboygrabbedholdofmybaganddisappearedquicklyintothecrowd.（C）

A.seizedB.snappedC.snatchedD.sneaked

4.AlthoughChicagohasfaredbetterthansomecities,unemploymentremainsaproblem.（A）

A.gotonB.chargedC.offeredjobsD.providedwelfare

5.Thedwarfsweredevastated,becausetheycouldnotfigureouthowtosaveSnowWhitethistime.（D）

A.calculateB.rateC.considerD.decide

6.HisdistrustofthepowerofcriticsmadehimreadytogibeatDavidSylvester.（A）

A.laughB.ridiculeC.derideD.taunt

7.Childrenaremostvulnerabletoabusewithintheirownhome.（A）

A.unprotectedB.sensibleC.susceptibleD.harmful

8.ShortofthePresidenthimself,probablynoonecouldhaveputtheAmericancasemorepersuasively.（B）

A.RatherthanB.OtherthanC.LessthanD.Shortfor

Unit7CompetitionIsDestructive

1.Whyiscompetitiondestructiveaccordingtotheauthor?

（para.3）

Accordingtotheauthor,competitionisdestructivebecauseitunderminesself-esteem,poisonsrelationshipsandholdsusbackfromdoingourbest.

2.WhatarethepurposesofthegamesdevisedorcollectedbyOrlickandothers?

（para.6）

TheideaofthegamesdevisedorcollectedbyOrlickandothersisforeachpersononthefieldtomakeaspecifiedcontributiontothegoal,orforalltheplayerstoreachacertainscore,orforeveryonetoworkwiththeirpartnersagainstatimelimit.

3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenteamworkandteamcompetition?

（para.8）

Thedifferencebetweenteamworkandteamcompetitionisthatinteamworkeveryoneonthefieldisworkingtogetherforacommongoal,whileinteamcompetitionagivenplayerworkswithandisencouragedtofeelwarmlytowardonlyhalfofthosepresent.

4.Whydomostkindsoffunrequirecompetition?

（para.10,11,12）

Firstofall,peopledon'tknowanyotherwayorpeoplehavenevertastedthealternative.

Secondly,weoverlookthepsychologicalcostsofcompetition:

itcausesself-doubtandfeelingsofself-worthbecomedependentonexternalsourcesofevaluation.

5.Whoistoblameforcompetition?

Itisthestructureofthegameitselfthatistoblameratherthantheindividuals,sinceitsetscompetitionattheverybeginning.

Directions:

Usethequestionsgivenbelowasaguidetowriteasummary.YoucanrefertoTask1andTask2.

Whatkindofgamesdoestheauthorusetoillustratethepoints?

What'sthesignificanceofchangingan"opponent"intoa"partner"?

What'sthedifferencebetweenteamworkandteamcompetition?

Whatarethepossiblereasonsthatalargenumberofpeopleinsistthatwecan'tdowithoutwin/loseactivities?

Whatistherealproblem?

SuggestedSummary

Byusingthegameofmusicalchairs,theauthorillustratesthatcompetitionisdestructivenotonlyinourdailyworkbutalsoinentertainments.Itisimportantandpossibletochangetheformofthegamebywayofturninganopponentintoapartner:

Everyoneonthefieldcanworktogetherforacommongoal（teamwork）insteadofcompetingwitheachother（teamcompetition）.Cooperativegamesandsportsprovidesatisfactionandchallengewithoutcompetition.Thereasonthatalargenumberofpeopleinsistthatwecan'tdowithoutwin/loseactivitiesarethattheydon'tknowanyotherwayandthattheyoverlookthepsychologicalcostsofcompetitionandthetoxiceffectofcompetitiononourrelations.Competitionisnotconducivetotrustanditmayleadonetolookatothersthroughnarrowedeyesandeveninviteoutrightaggression.Weareinclinedtoblameindividualsforallthis,butitisthestructureofthegameitselfwhichcausescompetition.Tosolvetheproblemofcompetition,weneedtobeteachingourchildrenhowtoenjoythemselveswithoutcompetition.

IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,CorDwhichbestkeepsthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.

1.Shehasbeeneliminatedfromtheswimmingracebecauseshedidnotwinanyofthepracticeraces.（C）

A.gotoutB.takingawayC.gotridofD.drivingaway

2.Oneofthemajorflawsintheexistingsystemisthattheprosecutorhasimmunityfromlawsuitsclaimingmaliciousprosecution.（B）

A.usefulB.spitefulC.harmlessD.cheerful

3.Theydefineagoodpatientasonewhoacceptstheirstatementsandtheiractionsuncriticallyandunquestioningly.（A）

A.characterizeB.confineC.fixD.limit

4.Roberts'poorphysicalconditioncombinedwithnagginginjuriespreventedhimfromplayingmorethan51gamesinthepastfourseasons.（A）

A.troublingB.followingC.complainingD.accompanying

5.Constantcorrectionbyateacherisoftencounterproductive,asthestudentmaybecomeafraidtospeakatall.（C）

A.evilB.notproductiveC.unfavorableD.hurting

6.Forcenturieswewomenhavegloatedovertheonenegativeaspectofagingmoreevidentinmenthanwomen:

balding.（B）

A.praisedB.feltmaliciouslysatisfiedwith

C.feltsorryforD.expressedgreatpleasureof

7.Intheconduciveatmospherearoundthefort,GeneralBradleyimmediatelyfoundoutabouttheplot.（D）

A.goodB.suitableC