高考英语短文理解学案16.docx

高考英语短文理解学案16.docx

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高考英语短文理解学案16

阅读理解技巧

阅读理解由于题材非常广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等特点，往往是考试中的难题。

那么，如何做好阅读理解呢﹖如何在平时的训练中做到心里有数，稳扎稳打的作练习；有目的、有方向的训练自己的不足之处。

阅读的提高是一个中长期的训练过程，如何在第一步就领先一步呢？

如何做好自己的计划和安排呢？

是否真的有一些实用的技巧和方法呢？

让我们来看看，到底要怎样做！

第一、是要排除心理障碍，不要因为自身词汇量小，阅读文章中有较多的“拦路虎”，而对之望而生畏，造成紧张心理，导致越读越慌，越慌越难的窘境，从而影响正常的答题。

对于阅读文章中的生词问题，我在后面会详细谈一下。

第二、忌不带问题阅读。

要先看题干，弄清题目要求，带着问题有目的地进行阅读，这样就能把握方向，同时也可边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，提高阅读效率及答题的正确性。

第三、是要切忌一个词一个词割裂地理解，或将无关的词硬凑在一起理解，以致无法获取句子语义及特定语境中篇章的意义，造成信息流中断，曲解或偏离题意。

第四、是要善于抓关键句和主题句。

文章的第一句或最后一句往往是文章或段落的关键句或主题句，对文章的理解起着重要的作用；同时要学会正确猜测词义，有机地联系上下文，读了上文，猜测下文，不要逐词翻译，造成前后脱节，缺乏语感，以致于理解错误。

第五，充分利用语篇中的文字或图表形式等基本信息，准确地捕捉关键事实和细节，进而归纳出主旨大意，领会全文的逻辑关系，弄清作者的写作意图等，进行推理判断，挖掘字里行间的深层内涵。

第六，完成选择时，看其是否与文中内容相矛盾，有无文中信息支持点，再有就是看它是否完全符合题目的要求；如果让你判断其标题的话，要看文章表达的是人还是事，从而推断其标题内容。

所有的选项必须以文章为基础，不要随意发挥想像或联想。

第七，忌忽略时间。

做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制时间，时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。

文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边，等把全部题做完后，再回头来处理。

因为做完题后，你的心情相对放松了往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。

即使做完题后时间所剩无几了，你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚，因为你仍然有选对的可能性。

第八，良好的阅读习惯。

这个要靠平时的培养。

克服阅读时不必要的附带动作，如头部转动、用手指或铅笔逐个点词等等；避免朗读，人看的速度要比读快2倍，朗读必然影响阅读速度；不要逐词逐词地看，这样既影响速度又影响理解。

正确的方法是头部不动，用眼睛去扫描，这样既能提高速度又能整句理解。

2019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案（16）

A

InAmerica,drivers’educationispartoftheregularhighschoolcurriculum.Everystudentinhisorhersecondyearofhighschoolisrequiredtotakeaclassindriver’seducation.However,

unlikeothercourses,itisnotgivenduringtheregularschoolyear.Insteaditisasummercourse.

Thecourseisdividedupintotwoparts:

classtimeforlearninglawsandregulationsanddrivingtimetopractisedriving.Classtimeisnotunlikeanyotherclass.Thestudentshaveatextfromwhichtheystudythebasiclawstheymustknowtopassthewrittendrivingtestthatisgiventoanyonewantingtogetadriver’slicense.

Drivingtimeisachanceforthestudentstogetbehindthewheel（steeringwheel）andpractisestartingsteering,backingup,parking,switchinglanes,turningcorners,andalltheothermaneuvers（操作）requiredtodriveacar.Eachstudentisrequiredtodriveatotalofsixhours.Thestudentsaredividedupintogroupsoffour.Thestudentsandtheinstructorgooutdrivingfortwohourblocksoftime.Thus,eachstudentgetshalfanhourdrivingtimeperouting.Theinstructorand“driver”sitinthefrontseatsandtheotherthreestudentssitintheback.

DriversEdcarsareunlikeothercarsinwhichtheyhavetwosetsofbrakes,oneonthedriver’ssideandoneontheothersidewheretheinstructorsits.Thus,ifthestudentdrivershouldrunintodifficultiestheinstructorcantakeover.Thecaralsohasanotherspecialfeature.Onthetopofthecarisasignthatreads:

STUDENTDRIVER.Thatletsnearbydriversknowthattheyshoulduseextracaution（小心）becausethestudentdriverisabeginningdriver,notveryexperencedandpronetodrivingslowly.

Afterthestudenthaspassedthedriver’seducationcourseandreachedtheappropriateagetodrive（thisagediffersineverystatebutinmostcasesthepersonmustbe16yearsold）,theycangotoadesignatedstateofficetotaketheirdriver’stest,whichismadeupofaneyeexamination,awrittentest,andaroadtest.Thepersonmustpassallthreetestsinordertobegivenadriver’slicense.Ifthepersondidwellinhisorherdriver’seducationclass,heorshewillpassthetestwithflyingcolorsandgetadriver’slicense.

56.InAmerica,thedriver’scoursementionedabove          .

A.isconsideredaspartoftheadvancededucation

B.isgiventoanyonewantingtogetadriver’slicense

C.iscarriedonatthesametimeasothercourses

D.isofferedtoallthestudentsofGrade2inhighschools

57.Topreventaccidents,adriversEdcar          .

A.hasasigninsideitB.hastwosetsofbrakes

C.isbigenoughtoholdfivepersonsD.can’trunveryfast

58.Wecaninferthatthestudentsarerequiredto           intheirwholedrivingpractice.

A.gooutdrivingfortwelevetimesB.spendatleastsixhoursdriving

C.drivefortwohourblocksoftimeD.gethalfanhourdriving

59.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotagreewiththerequirementsforthestudentswantingtogettheirdriver’slicense?

A.Theymustbe16yearsofage.

B.Theyshouldgotohavetheirdriver’stest.

C.Theymusthavetheireyesexamined.

D.Theyoughttodowellintheirdriver’scourse.

60.Inthelastsentence,“withflyingcolors”means          .

A.happilyB.successfullyC.colorfullyD.quickly

B

Greenspacefacilities（设施）arecontributingtoanimportantdegreetothequalityofthecityenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreasaselfprovedstatementthanonthebaseofacloselyreasonedscientificproof.Recognizingtheimportanceofgreenspacesinthecityenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatenoughdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichpeopleareusingthesespaces.AstothissubjectIshallwithinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspect（方面）only,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.

Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintownandcountryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedinmoreattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,whiletherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.Wehaveetotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreetdoorofthehouse.Thecityenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmorerequiredactivitiescanalsohaverecreativeaspect.

Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreetsbecausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreetdoorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.

61.Theimportanceofgreenspacesinthecityenvironment          .

A.hasbeenrecognized

B.ispaidlittleattentionto

C.isacceptedonthebaseofscientificproof

D.isstillunknown

62.Formanyyearstownandcountryplanninghas          .

A.broughtlivingareasandplacesofentertainmentclosetogether

B.separatedrecreationfacilitiesfarfromhome

C.improvedrecreativepossibilitiesintheneighbourhood

D.enabledpeopletoreachthebeststandardofliving

63.Accordingtotheauthor,greenspacesshouldbedesigned          .

A.toreducethenumberofrecreativeactivities

B.toattractmoreandmorepeople

C.forpeopletousemoreconveniently

D.forpeopletodorecreativeactivitiesatthestreetdoorofthehouse

64.Themainideaofthispassageisthat          .

A.attentionmustbepaidtotheimprovementofrecreation

B.greenspacefacilitiesshouldbeusedbettertoimprovethequalityoflife

C.thecityenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreativeactivites

D.weshouldtryourbesttoraiseourlivingstandard

C

Thisistimeofyearwhenwethinkaboutgivingandreceivingpresents.Canyoufindalittleextratogive?

Onthispagewesuggestafeworganizationsyoumightliketohelp.

LittletonChildren’sHome

Wedon’twantyourmoney,butchildren’stoys,booksandclothesingoodconditionwouldbeverywele.

Also—wearelookingforfriendlyfamilieswhowouldtakeourchildrenintotheirhomesforafewhoursordaysasguests.Youhavesomuch—willyoushareit?

PhoneSisterThomason55671.

Children’sHospice

Welookafterasmallnumberofverysickchildren.Thisimportantworkneedsskillandlove.Wecannotcontinuewithoutgiftsofmoneytopayformorenursingstaff.Wealsoneedstorybooksandtoyssuitableforquietgames.

PleasecontactTheSecretary,LittleChildren’sHospice,NewbyRoad.

StreetFood

Inthewinterweather,it’snofunbeinghomeless.It’sevenworseifyou’rehungry.Wegivehotfoodtoatleastfiftypeopleeverynight.It’shardwork,butnecessary.Canyoueandhelp?

Ifnot,canyoufindalittlemoney?

Weuseaveryoldkitchen,andweurgentlyneedsomenewsaucepans.Moneyfornewoneswouldbemostweleindeed.

ContactStreetFood,c/oMary’sHouse,ElmingWay.LittletonPhone27713.

LittletonYouthClub

Haveyougotanunwantedchair?

—arecordplayer?

—apotofpaint?

Becausewecanusethem!

Wewanttogettoworkonourmeetingroom!

Pleasephone66231andwe’llbehappytocollectanythingyoucangiveus.

Thankyou!

TheNightShelter

Weofferawarmbedforthenighttoanyonewhohasnowheretogo.WerenttheformerercialHotelonGreenStreet.Althoughitisnotexpensive,weneverseemtohavequiteenoughmoney.Canyouletushaveafewpounds?

Anyamount,howeversmall,willbesuchahelp.

Sendittousat15,GreenSt,Littleton.PleasemakecheckpayabletoNightShelter.

65.Readingthepassage,youmightliketohelptheseorganizationswhichworkfor       .

A.homelessandsickchildren

B.lessfortunatemembersofoursociety

C.hungrypeoplewhohavenobedstosleepin

D.friendlymembersofoursocietytohelpothers

66.Ifyoulikechildrenandyoucouldofferahappyfamilytoahomelesschild,youmaygoto          .

A.StreetFood             B.NightSheleter

C.Children’sHome         D.Children’sHospice

67.Wecaninferthat          .

A.therearetoomanysocialproblemsinthiscountry

B.peopleareverypoorduringthetimeforgiving

C.warmheartedpeoplelike