学年新教材高中英语Unit6EarthfirstSectionⅠStartingoutUnderstandingideas教学案外研版必修第.docx

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学年新教材高中英语Unit6EarthfirstSectionⅠStartingoutUnderstandingideas教学案外研版必修第.docx

学年新教材高中英语Unit6EarthfirstSectionⅠStartingoutUnderstandingideas教学案外研版必修第

Unit6Earthfirst

        科学家警告:

北极海冰的加速融化会造成不可控制的全球气候变化。

MeltingArcticSeaIceCouldStart

UncontrollableGlobalClimateChange

TherapidmeltingoftheArcticseaicecouldbeabouttobringaboutcatastrophic(灾难性的)eventsacrosstheworld,scientistshavewarned.

TheeffectsofthemeltingicecouldbefeltasfarawayastheIndianOceanasthewarmweathersetsoff19globaltippingpoints(临界点),accordingtothenewArcticResilienceReport.Thosetippingpointshappenwhenanaturalsystemquicklychanges,leadingtogreateffectsonnearbyecosystemsthatmightneverbereversed(彻底转变).

IntheArctic,theyincludegrowingvegetationthatstopssnowandiceandsoabsorbsmoreheat,andthereleaseofmethane(甲烷)fromtheArcticasitwarms.Thereportincludesarangeofdifferentdisastrouseventsthatarelikelytobeproducedbythewarmingpoles.

ThefindingscomejustasclimatescientistshavewarnedthatseaiceintheArcticappearstobemelting

farmorequicklythanexpectedastheresultofhightemperatures.

AiroverthePolaricecaphasbeen9-12degreesCelsiusaboveaverageoverthelastfourweeks,accordingtotheDanishMeteorologicalInstitute(DMI).Throughlastweek,temperaturesreachedmeltingpoint,puttingthemfarabovetheexpectedtemperatureandservingasadangeroussignalfortheseaicethere.

Thetemperatureis“byfarthehighestrecorded”,DMIresearcherMartinStendeltoldtheAFP.“Whatweareobservingisveryunusual.”

Atthistimeofyear,theArcticOceanwouldbeexpectedtostartfreezingupintoseaiceagain.Butitisn’thappening.

“Notonlywastheicenotgrowingasitwouldnormally,therewasfurthermeltingduetowarmaircomingin,”hetoldthenewsagency.

Thateffectisbeingcausedbyanumberoffactors—notonlyclimatechange,butalsotemporaryweatherphenomenalikeElNiño.Butthosetemporary(短暂的)thingsarebeingstrengthenedbyclimatechange,whichisthefinaldriverofthemeltingseaice,scientistssaid.

SectionⅠ Startingout&Understandingideas

重点单词

阅读词汇

(在不认识的单词前划√)

□sharkn. □divev.

写作词汇

           

1.targetv.把……作为目标

2.attitude__n.(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法,态度

拓展词汇

3.scareadj.使(某人)惊恐,吓唬→scaredadj.对……感到惊慌的;吓坏了的

4.fortunatelyadv.幸运地→fortunateadj.幸运的;吉祥→fortunen.幸运;运气

5.extinctionn.灭绝,绝种→extinctadj.绝种的;消亡了的

重点短语

             

1.in__fear恐惧,担心

2.tell__the__story__of讲述……的故事

3.be__scared/frightened__of/afraid__of

害怕……

4.due__to由于,因为

5.cut__off切断;阻断;隔绝

6.have__an__effect__on/upon对……有影响

7.be__based__on以……为基础/依据

8.come__across偶遇

9.see...as...把……看作……

10.from...on从……时起

11.by__mistake错误地;疏忽地

12.protect...from...保护……免受……

13.raise__awareness__of...提高对……的认识

重点句型

1.形容词(短语)作状语:

Somepeoplestoppedswimminginthesea,afraid__of__the__horrible__creature__from__the__film(由于害怕电影里可怕的生物).

2.was/weredoing...when...:

In1980,Benchleywas__diving__when(正在潜水就在这时)hecameacrossanawfulsight.

3.部分否定:

Fortunately,not__everyone(并非每个人)whowatchedthefilmJawsbecameafraidofsharks—somebecameinterestedinunderstandingthem.

Readthetextandfillintheblanks.

↓Peoplehadalongheldideathatthegreatwhitesharkis1.____________.

↓Peoplebecamemore2.____________ofsharks.

Thenumberoflargesharksfellquicklyduetofearofsharksand3.____________.

↓PeterBenchleyadmittedthathisbookwas4.____________aboutsharks’behaviour.

↓Morepeoplewantto5.____________thesharksfromextinction.

答案:

1.dangerous 2.scared 3.finning 4.wrong 5.protect

Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.

1.Whatisthewriter’spurposeofwritingthepassage?

A.TorecommendthefilmJawsandthebooktopeople.

B.TocriticizePeterBenchley’smisleadingdescriptionofsharks.

C.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofsharkprotection.

D.Toinformpeoplethatsharksaredangerous.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichoneisWRONGaboutthefilmJaws?

A.Awomandiedasaresultofashark’sattack.

B.Itwaspopularwithhugeaudiences.

C.Itchangedpeople’slongheldideaofsharkasadangerousanimal.

D.Itwonagreatreputationinthefieldoffilm.

3.Whydidthenumberoflargesharksfallquickly?

A.Becauseoftheclimatechange.

B.Becauseofpeople’skillingandfinning.

C.Becauseoflackingofenoughfood.

D.Becauseofthepollutionoftheocean.

4.Nowadays,whatispeople’sattitudetowardsprotectingsharks?

A.Neutral.

B.Indifferent.

C.Disapproval.

D.Favorable.

答案:

1-4.CCBD

scare v.使(某人)惊恐;吓唬 n.恐慌;恐惧

(教材P62)Peoplehavealwaysbeenscaredofsharks,butJawsmadethingsworse.

人们一直都害怕鲨鱼,但《大白鲨》使情况变得更糟。

(1)scare...away/off  把……吓跑

(2)scaringadj.令人害怕的;吓人的

scaredadj.对……感到惊慌的;吓坏了的

bescaredof害怕……

bescaredtodo...害怕做……;不敢做……

①HissuddenappearancegavemeascarewhenIwasreadinganinterestingbook.

我正在读一本有趣的书,他的突然出现吓了我一跳。

②Lastnightthesuddenthunderscared(scare)thechildren.

昨天晚上,突然的雷声吓着了那些孩子。

③Theymanagedtoscarethebearaway/offwithatorch.

他们设法用火把把熊吓跑了。

④Havingmademistakes,heisscaredoffacinghisstrictteacher.

他犯了错,不敢去面对严厉的老师。

⑤Seeingmanycarsgoingupanddownthestreet,theboyswerescaredto__cross(cross)thestreet.

看到马路上来来往往的车辆,那些男孩子不敢过马路。

dueto 由于;由……造成;应支付;归功于

(教材P62)Thiswasnotonlyduetofearofsharks,butalsofinning.

这不仅是因为害怕鲨鱼,而且还因为鲨鱼的鳍。

dueadj.       应得的;应付的;预定的

beduetosb.应付给某人

beduetosb./sth.归因于某人/某物

beduetodosth.预定/预期做某事

①Theflightwasputoffduetotheheavyfog.

这架班机因大雾停航。

②Anymoneythatisduetoyouwillbepaidbeforetheendofthemonth.

欠你的钱将在月底之前全部支付给你。

③Thebuswasdueto__arrive(arrive)at5p.m.,butitarrivedonehourlateduetobeing__held(hold)upbytheheavyfog.

公共汽车预计下午五点钟到达,但由于大雾的阻碍它晚了一个小时。

[一词多义]——写出下列句中dueto的含义

(1)Severaltrafficaccidentshappenedonthehighwayduetotheheavyfoginthemorning.因为

(2)Themoneyisduetome,butIhaven’tgotityet.应支付

(3)Theteam’ssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.归功于

(1)当dueto意为“由于;因……造成;应给予”时,其中的to是介词,并且在句中常常作表语或状语;当dueto意为“即将/预期做……”时,其中的to是不定式符号,后接动词原形。

(2)表示“因为;由于”的介词短语还有becauseof,onaccountof,asaresultof,owingto,thanksto等。

cutoff 切断;阻断;隔绝

(教材P62)Finningisatypeoffishingwheresharksarecaughtandtheirfinscutoff.

切鱼鳍是一种捕获的方式,在这个过程中鲨鱼被捕获,鱼鳍被切除。

cutdown    砍倒;缩减;降价

cutup切碎

cutin插嘴;打断

①Bothboysandgirlsarerequiredtocutofflonghairaccordingtoschoolregulations.

根据学校规定,无论男生还是女生都得剪掉长发。

②(山东卷)Finally,hereachedalonelyislandwhichwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.

最终,他到达一个完全与外界隔绝的孤岛。

③(湖北卷)Withmoreandmoreforestscutdown,someanimalsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.

由于越来越多的森林被砍伐,一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。

[巧学活用]——用cut的相关短语填空

(1)Aftermuchbargaining(讨价还价),theshopowneragreedtocut__downthepriceby20%.

(2)Thewatersupplyofthisdistrictwascut__offbecausethewaterpipewasbroken.

(3)Becausetheboyistooyoung,hismotherhastocut__upallthefoodtofeedhim.

fortunately adv.幸运地

(教材P63)Fortunately,noteveryonewhowatchedthefilmJawsbecameafraidofsharks—somebecameinterestedinunderstandingthem.

幸运的是,并不是所有看过电影《大白鲨》的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人开始对了解鲨鱼感兴趣。

(1)fortunateadj.         幸运的,吉祥的

be/feelfortunate(in)doing/todo...做……很幸运

Itisfortunate(forsb.)todo/that...(对某人来说)做

……是幸运的。

(2)fortunen.运气;命运

(3)unfortunatelyadv.不幸地

①Fortunately,therainstoppedbeforewestartedtohaveapicnicoutside.

幸亏在我们动身去野餐前雨停了。

②Ifeelfortunatehaving/to__have(have)suchafriend.

我有这样的朋友,真是幸运。

③Manyofusarefortunateto__be(be)herewithfamily.

我们中很多人都很幸运,能够在这里和家人们在一起。

[巧学活用]——单句语法填空

(1)Itwasfortunatethathehadleftthehousebeforethefirebrokeout.

(2)Iwaslate,butfortunately(fortunate)theclasshadn’tstarted.

(3)Unfortunately(fortunate),IhurtmykneewhenIfelldownontheice.

attitude n.(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法,态度

attitudeto/towards...  对……的态度/看法

have/takea(n)...attitudeto/towards...

对……持/采取……的态度

①Keepapositiveattitudeandgoodthingswillhappen.

保持积极的态度,好事就会发生。

②He’saneasygoing,friendlyyoungmanwithacasualsortofattitudetowards/tomoney.

他是个随和、友善的年轻人,不太在意金钱。

[巧学活用]——完成句子

他对家庭作业的态度不端正。

Hehas/take__a__bad__attitude__to/towardshishomework.

形容词(短语)作状语

(教材P62)Somepeoplestoppedswimminginthesea,afraidofthehorriblecreaturefromthefilm.

有些人因为害怕电影里可怕的生物而不再在海里游泳。

句中“afraidofthehorriblecreaturefromthefilm”是形容词短语作状语,相当于becausesomepeoplewereafraidofthehorriblecreaturefromthefilm。

形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等,可位于句首、句末或句中,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。

①Coldandhungry,hestoppedworkingandwenthome.

因为又冷又饿,他停止工作回家了。

②Iwasbackathomeatalmostmidnight,thirstyandtired(tire).

快到半夜时我才回到家,又渴又累。

③Obviously(obvious),agoodhabitcanhelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.

很显然,好习惯有助于加速实现我们的目标。

形容词作状语与副词作状语的区别:

形容词作状语表示主语的状态;副词在句中作状语通常修饰动词或修饰整个句子。

[巧学活用]——句式升级

(普通表达)Shesuddenlyappearedandseemedhappyandsatisfied.

(高级表达)Happy__and__satisfied,shesuddenlyappeared.(形容词短语作状语)

was/weredoing...when...

(教材P63)In1980,Benchleywasdivingwhenhecameacrossanawfulsight.

1980年,本奇利正在潜水,就在这时他突然看到一个可怕的景象。

句中的when是并列连词,意为“就在这/那时”,相当于andthen或andatthesametime。

when作并列连词时常用于以下句型中:

bedoing...when...    正在做……这时……

beabouttodo...when...=beonthepointofdoing...when...

正要做……这时……

hadjustdone...when...刚做了……这时……

①IwasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.

我正想着这件事,突然听到有人叫我的名字。

②Wewere__doing(do)ourhomeworkwhenthelightwentout.

我们正在做家庭作业,灯突然熄了。

③Wewereaboutto__set(set)outwhenitbegantorain.

=Wewereonthepointofsetting(set)outwhenitbegantorain.

我们正要出发,这时天开始下雨。

④Ihadjustgonetobedafteraveryharddaywhenthephonerang.

在劳累了一天之后,我刚上床睡觉,这时电话响了。

when作从属连词可引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”;还可引导让步状语从句,意为“

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