新编临床医学英语.docx

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新编临床医学英语

新编临床医学英语

第1期:

病患的问题与诉求

Unit?

1?

Text?

A?

Internal?

Medicine?

and?

Today's?

Internist

第1单元文章A?

内科与内科医生

Questions/Pleas?

of?

the?

Patient

病患的问题与诉求

How?

can?

I?

find?

a?

good?

doctor?

"

我如何找到一位良医？

How?

can?

I?

find?

a?

good?

doctor?

whom?

I?

can?

afford?

"

如何能够碰到一位价格亲民的医生？

How?

can?

I?

find?

a?

good?

doctor?

who?

cares?

about?

me?

as?

a?

person?

〃

又如何能够遇见一位把我当成“人”看待的医生？

How?

can?

I?

find?

a?

good?

doctor?

who?

will?

take?

the?

time?

to?

listen?

and?

understand?

"

如何找到一位能够花时间倾听我的诉说，了解我的名医？

People?

who?

need?

medical?

care?

ask?

these?

questions?

throughout?

the?

world?

every?

day.

每天，全球有许多病患都在询问这些问题。

They?

ask?

them?

because?

they?

face?

a?

health?

care?

system?

that?

is?

scientifically?

complex,

organizationally?

overloaded,?

and?

generally?

not?

oriented?

to?

the?

patient?

as?

a?

person.

他们之所以问这些问题，是因为他们所面对的医疗保健体系技术深奥、机构臃肿，而且一般都没有意识到病人首先是一个“人”。

When?

an?

individual?

first?

becomes?

ill,?

regardless?

of?

the?

symptoms,?

he?

or?

she?

needs?

most

someone?

who?

seems?

to?

say,

如果有人生了病，不管症状如何，他们最希望听到的是：

"I?

am?

a?

good?

doctor；I?

charge?

a?

reasonable?

amount?

for?

my?

services；I?

care?

about?

you，the

patient?

and?

I?

will?

take?

the?

time?

to?

listen?

and?

understand."

“我是医生；我只收取亲民价格，我关心病患，我将倾听你的诉求，理解你。

”

A?

prominent?

teacher/physician?

in?

a?

major?

medical?

center?

taught?

his?

students?

to?

listen?

to?

the

patient?

and?

he?

will?

tell?

you?

what?

is?

wrong,?

and?

he?

will?

tell?

you?

what?

he?

needs".

主要医疗中心的知名学者/内科医生都会教授学生要学会倾听，病人会告诉你哪里不舒服，也将会告诉你他们的需求。

Having?

found?

a?

physician?

who?

answers?

so?

profoundly?

to?

their?

needs,?

some?

patients?

are

extremely?

grateful?

but?

most?

are?

utterly?

overwhelmed.

有些内科医生完全满足了病患的需求，有些患者表现出了极大的感激之情，但是绝大部分都激动不已。

With?

the?

discovery?

of?

that?

relationship,?

the?

difference?

between?

a?

superb?

technician?

and?

a?

true

physician?

really?

becomes?

evident?

to?

the?

patient.

有了这层关系之后，专业技师和内科医生的区别在病患面前展露无遗。

That?

physician/teacher?

was?

a?

scholarly?

gentleman?

with?

deep?

scientific?

insight?

and?

an?

activeand?

stimulating?

clinical?

and?

research?

practice.

内科医生/教授都是学术人才，他们对学科有着科学的深刻见解，并活跃在临床和研究领域中。

Unfortunately?

he?

developed?

crippling?

rheumatoid?

arthritis?

in?

the?

midst?

of?

his?

career.

但是，他们在工作期间不幸患上了风湿性关节炎。

Beyond?

question,?

his?

own?

disease?

sensitized?

him?

to?

the?

complex?

mix?

of?

expectations,?

needs,fears,

毫无疑问，他自身的疾病使他对病人交织着期待、需要、恐惧和感激的复杂心情十分敏感，

and?

appreciation?

that?

patients?

feel?

when?

facing?

a?

physical-mental?

trial?

while?

at?

the?

same?

timelooking?

forthat?

perfect?

physician?

to?

help?

them.

这是患者们在经历身心煎熬、同时又盼望有那么一位德高望重的名医能给他进行诊治时所共有的感觉。

Patients?

flocked?

to?

this?

doctor，not?

just?

for?

his?

accurate?

diagnoses,?

his?

correct?

therapies,?

oreven?

his?

warmth,

患者都去找这样的医生看病，并不是因为他们准确无误的诊断，正确的治疗方法，甚至是所给予的温暖，

but?

for?

the?

intellect?

he?

expressed?

and?

the?

sheer?

joy?

of?

living?

that?

he?

extended?

in?

everyencounter?

with?

another?

human?

being.

而是他们所散发的智慧之光，以及他在面对每一个“人”时所展现的喜悦之情。

He?

had?

a?

Shakespearean?

grasp?

of?

the?

qualities?

of?

being?

human?

and?

an?

uncommon?

ability?

totransmit?

love?

and?

respect?

for?

his?

fellow?

human?

beings.

他既能像莎翁那样对人性特点有着深刻的了解，又身具异秉能把关爱和尊重传递给全人类。

He?

exhibited?

the?

ideal?

all?

physicians?

should?

emulate.

他展现了所有内科医生应该展现的最理想的一面。

Many?

readers?

know?

a?

physician?

with?

these?

characteristics?

all?

should?

seek?

to?

know?

one?

and?

todevelop?

their?

own?

professional?

persona?

so?

that?

human?

qualities?

are?

not?

lost?

to?

technicalacumen.

许多读者都认为拥有这些特征的内科医生都应该去了解，并培养自己的职业形象，只有这样，人类的本质才不会在技术面前甘拜下风。

1.be?

oriented?

to?

面向,本句中的?

them?

是指上句的?

these?

questions.

原文：

They?

ask?

them?

because?

they?

face?

a?

health?

care?

system?

that?

is?

scientifically?

complex,organizationally?

overloaded,?

and?

generally?

not?

oriented?

to?

the?

patient?

as?

a?

person.?

他们之所以问这些问题，是因为他们所面对的医疗保健体系技术深奥、机构臃肿，而且一般都没有意识到病人首先是一个“人”。

2.in?

the?

midst?

of：

在…中，在…当中

原文：

Unfortunately,?

he?

developed?

crippling?

rheumatoid?

arthritis?

in?

the?

midst?

of?

his?

career.

但是，他们在工作期间不幸患上了风湿性关节炎。

3.beyond?

question?

的意思是“毫无疑问地”；sensitize?

sb?

to?

sth?

意思是“使某人对某事敏感起来”。

原文：

Beyond?

question,?

his?

own?

disease?

sensitized?

him?

to?

the?

complex?

mix?

of?

expectations,needs,?

fears,?

and?

appreciation?

that?

patients?

feel?

when?

facing?

a?

physical-mental?

trial?

while?

atthe?

same?

time?

looking?

forthat?

perfect?

physician?

to?

help?

them.

毫无疑问，他自身的疾病使他对病人交织着期待、需要、恐惧和感激的复杂心情十分敏感。

这是患者们在经历身心煎熬、同时又盼望有那么一位德高望重的名医能给他进行诊治时所共有的感觉。

4.rheumatoid?

arthritis?

风湿性关节炎

例句：

The?

study?

was?

also?

too?

short?

to?

show?

whether?

TwHF?

can?

slow?

the?

joint?

damage?

causedby?

rheumatoid?

arthritis.

这项研究时间也太短，不能显示雷公藤是否能减缓由风湿性关节炎引起的关节损伤。

第2期:

好医生的科学和技术专业背景

THE?

SCIENTIFIC?

AND?

TECHNOLOGIC?

BACKGROUND?

OF?

A?

"GOOD?

DOCTOR"

“好医生”的科学和技术专业背景

Since?

Flexner?

issued?

his?

famous?

report?

in?

1910,?

American?

medical?

education?

has?

striven?

towardthe?

development?

of?

a?

strong?

scientific?

base.

自从1910年弗莱克斯纳的着名研究报告问世以来，美国的医学教育致力于培养深厚的科学基础。

This?

intellectual?

prerequisite,therefore,has?

become?

an?

integral?

part?

of?

premedical,undergraduate,?

graduate,?

and,?

indeed,?

continuing?

medical?

education.

所以，以学术知识为前提的教育就成为了医学预科、本科生、研究生以及继续医学教育的主要组成部分。

Biomedical?

science?

is?

fundamental?

to?

understanding?

disease,?

making?

diagnoses,?

developingnew?

therapies,?

and?

appreciating?

the?

complexities?

and?

contributions?

of?

new?

technologies.

生物医学是掌握病情、作出诊断、研究新型治疗方法的基础，同时它还是研发新技术的基础。

Physicians?

cannot?

be?

satisfied?

with?

simply?

knowing?

that?

a?

certain?

form?

of?

therapy?

works?

80?

to90?

per?

cent?

of?

the?

time.

内科医生不能够只满足于掌握某领域治疗方法的80-90%。

They?

must?

understand?

the?

basic?

physiology?

and?

pharmacology?

of?

any?

approach?

they?

use.

他们必须对所应用的生理学和药物学的基本疗法了如指掌。

They?

must?

possess?

the?

intellectual?

tools?

to?

follow?

reports?

of?

current?

research?

in?

medicaljournals

他们必须能够利用学术方法来掌握医学杂志的最新研究成果，

so?

that?

they?

can?

continue?

to?

grasp?

the?

newest?

and?

latest?

approaches,?

no?

matter?

howcomplicated?

the?

field?

may?

become.

不管该领域变得多么复杂多变，他们都能够掌握最新的治疗方法。

That?

is?

why,?

in?

a?

textbook?

of?

medicine?

like?

this,?

strong?

emphasis?

is?

given?

to?

how?

things?

work,what?

goes?

amiss?

when?

pathologic?

processes?

ensue,

这就是为什么像这样的医学教科书要着重强调事物的运作方法，以及在病理过程中所出现的差错，

and?

what?

effect?

a?

given?

therapy?

has?

in?

correcting?

that?

defect.

以及特定治疗方法对纠正差错所带来的影响。

We?

seek?

to?

create?

within?

the?

minds?

of?

our?

readers?

a?

yearning?

for?

a?

greater?

depth?

ofunderstanding?

and?

a?

continuing?

commitment?

to?

stay?

at?

the?

frontier?

of?

scientific?

knowledge.

我们希望我们的读者能够从内心有着更加深入的了解，并继续处在科学的最前沿。

These?

are,?

in?

fact,?

among?

the?

hallmarks?

of?

a?

professional?

in?

any?

scientific?

field.

事实上，任意科学领域专业都包含了这些特点。

We?

are?

moving?

into?

an?

era?

when?

pharmacotherapeutic?

agents?

are?

no?

longer?

merely?

wonders?

oforganic?

chemistry,?

but?

increasingly?

often?

are?

biologic?

products.

当今时代，药剂已经不仅仅是有机化学的奇迹，它也逐渐变成了生物制品。

Some?

of?

these?

are?

isolated?

from?

nature?

others?

are?

developed?

by?

recombinant?

DNAtechnology.

许多产品已经脱离自然，有些是DNA技术重组的产物。

On?

the?

horizon?

is?

the?

availability?

of?

a?

true?

replacement?

or?

supplement?

for?

defective?

ordeficient?

biochemical?

constituents?

of?

the?

body.

我们即将要面对的是真正能够替代或是能够补充生物化学成分中不足的产品。

No?

physician?

can,?

with?

intellectual?

honesty,?

use?

these?

new?

classes?

of?

agents?

without?

fullyunderstanding?

their?

action,?

their?

meaning,?

and?

their?

potential?

side?

effects.

任何一位有学术诚信的医生都不会在没有充分了解这些新型药剂的功能、作用以及潜在副作用的情况下就使用它们。

The?

diagnostic?

and?

therapeutic?

contributions?

and?

potential,?

in?

clinical?

situations,ofbiocompatible?

prosthetic?

devices,?

nuclear?

magnetic?

resonance?

spectroscopy,

通过一系列的发展（还没有被确认），诊疗对未来临床中的生物兼容性假肢器官、核磁共振谱、

high-frequency?

laser?

beams,?

and?

so?

on?

through?

developments?

not?

yet?

conceivedappreciated?

only?

by?

the?

mind?

that?

is?

disciplined?

in?

fundamental?

science.

高频激光等所作出的贡献只有在基础科学中才能得以实现。

1.per?

capita?

每人，按人口（计算）

例句：

The?

United?

States?

spends?

more?

per?

capita?

on?

health?

care?

than?

any?

other?

nation?

in?

theworld.

美国是全球个人医疗开销最大的国家。

2.Medicaid?

plan?

医疗补助制度

例句：

With?

the?

passage?

of?

the?

Medicare?

program?

for?

the?

elderly?

and?

the?

Medicaid?

plan?

for?

thepoor?

by?

Congress?

in?

1965,?

1965年，美国国会通过了补助老人的退休医疗福利，以及补助穷人的穷人医疗补助，

3.dental?

care?

牙齿护理

例句：

Your?

smile?

depends?

on?

simple?

dental?

care?

habits,?

such?

as?

brushing?

and?

flossing.

自信的笑容取决于简单的牙齿护理习惯，如刷牙和使用牙线。

4.cost-efficient?

有成本效益的

例句：

It?

also?

helps?

the?

architect?

manage?

resources?

in?

a?

very?

cost-efficient?

manner.?

它还有助于架构师采用一种非常具有成本效益的方式来管理各种资源。

第3期:

THE?

ORGANIZATION?

AND?

FINANCING?

OF?

TODAY'S?

MEDICINE

当代医疗制度与资金投入

Patients,?

as?

well?

as?

their?

representatives?

in?

government,?

industry,?

and?

managed-careorganizations,?

are?

concerned?

about?

the?

rising?

cost?

of?

medical?

care.

政府、产业、管理型医疗保险代表以及病患都对不断增加的看病价格给予了高度关注。

The?

total?

bill?

for?

health?

care?

in?

America?

now?

rises?

at?

a?

rate?

of?

about?

10?

per?

cent?

per?

year,?

anincrease?

that?

seems?

to?

continue?

unabated.

在美国，医疗开销以每年10%的价格增长，而这一趋势还将继续下去。

Federal?

legislation?

instituting?

diagnosis-related?

groups?

（DRC's）?

has?

clearly?

moderated?

the?

riseof?

hospital?

costs,?

but?

physician?

costs?

continue?

to?

rise?

at?

an?

ever-increasing?

rate.

联邦立法已经开设了诊断相关组，并已经降低了医院开销，但是内科医生的开销仍然在不断增加。

Every?

student?

of?

medicine?

should?

ask?

if?

this?

is?

realistic.

每一名医学学生都在问这是不是真的。

Is?

it?

sustainable?

?

Is?

it?

defensible?

是可持续性的？

还是有可解决的办法？

What?

will?

be?

the?

limits?

范围到底在哪？

Patients?

already?

ask,“Can?

I?

really?

afford?

the?

best?

doctors?

in?

the?

most?

prestigious?

practices,?

inthe?

most?

famous?

medical?

centers?

”

病患在问，“我能去最好的医疗中心，最好的科室，找最好的医生看病吗？

”

“Can?

I?

afford?

to?

be?

referred?

to?

a?

subspecialist?

”

我有钱去看那些专业医师吗？

“Can?

I?

afford?

to?

be?

out?

of?

work?

and?

in?

the?

hospital?

”

我能支付得起不上班在医院看病的开销吗？

“Can?

I?

afford?

to?

pay?

my?

rising?

insurance?

premiums?

”

“我有钱支付不断增长的保险吗？

”

“How?

much?

deductible?

on?

my?

insurance?

can?

I?

afford?

”

“保险中的扣除条款我能支付得起多少？

”

Worse?

yet,?

an?

increasing?

number?

of?

patients?

have?

to?

make?

choices?

between?

seeking?

medical?

anddental?

care?

and?

getting?

food,?

clothing,?

shelter,?

and?

other?

essentials?

of?

daily?

living.

更糟糕的是，有许许多多的病患不得不在看病，看牙和基本日常生活之间做出选择。

These?

issues?

have?

become?

major?

concerns?

in?

American?

households?

and?

clearly?

represent?

one?

ofthe?

most?

disturbing?

weaknesses?

in?

our?

economy,

这些问题已经成为美国家庭关心的主要问题,并且是美国经济中最令人担心的薄弱环节，

of?

which?

now?

nearly?

12?

per?

cent?

（?

by?

annual?

gross?

national?

product）?

is?

devoted?

to?

health?

care,up?

from?

8?

per?

cent?

in?

1975.

医疗费用所占每年国民生产总值的比例已由1975年的8%增加到现在的12%。

Over?

the?

last?

two?

to?

three?

decades?

it?

has?

been?

a?

goal?

of?

the?

United?

States?

to?

promote?

everincreasing?

quality?

and?

cost-effectiveness?

of?

health?

care?

for?

all.

在过去的二三十年中，美国的目标就是要为全体民众提供质量高，成本高效益的医疗制度。

Unfortunately,?

we?

have?

failed?

miserably.

不幸的是，我们遭遇了惨败。

The?

USA?

spends?

more?

per?

capita?

on?

health?

care?

than?

any?

other?

nation?

in?

the?

world.

美国是全球个人医疗开销最大的国家。

Yet?

in?

the?

major?

indices?

of?

health?

our?

population?

ranks?

nineteenth！

但是在主要医疗指数上，美国民众排在了第19位！

At?

the?