A Study of Application and Translation of English Idiomatic Usages of Preposition.docx

A Study of Application and Translation of English Idiomatic Usages of Preposition.docx

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AStudyofApplicationandTranslationofEnglishIdiomaticUsagesofPreposition

AStudyofApplicationandTranslationofEnglishIdiomaticUsagesofPreposition

Abstract:

PrepositionisveryimportantinEnglish.Thus,thispaperwillfirstintroducetheapplicationofEnglishidiomaticusagesofpreposition.Inthissection,itconsistsofthreeparts,includingnounpreposition,verbpreposition,andadjectivepreposition.AndthenitwilldiscussthetranslationofEnglishidiomaticusagesofpreposition,composedofmethodsandthetranslationofsomeexamplesentences.Atlast,thispaperwillconcludesomesuggestionsforhowtouseprepositionalusages.

Keywords:

application;translation;nounpreposition;verbpreposition;adjectivepreposition.

1.Introduction

Ingrammar,aprepositionisapartofspeechthatintroducesaprepositionalphrase,indicatingarelationbetweenthingsmentionedinasentence.Thoughprepositionsareemptywords,theyplayasignificantroleinEnglish.Becausetheyhavethehighestfrequencyofuse.WheneverweopenabookthatconsistsofEnglishsentenceswecanseefindtheexistenceofprepositions.Thus,somelinguistsbelievethat"Englishisthelanguageofprepositions."Theseallshowthatprepositionsarereallyveryveryimportant.However,manystudentsareconfusedbyprepositions.Forexample,theycan’tdistinguishonfromin.Thus,whatthispaperstudieshasgreatimportanceofpracticality.AnditwillhelpstudentshavebetterunderstandofEnglish.

Therearemanyessaysonprepositions,butmonographsstudyingtheidiomaticusagesofEnglishprepositionsarefew.PrepositionswrittenbySarah.WithersandEarl.Brockmanisthemainandimportantreference.Atpresent,manyscholarsfocusonthestudyofprepositionalphrases.Butinthispaper,Iwilldiscussnounpreposition,verbpreposition,andadjectiveprepositionandthetranslationofthem.

2.TheapplicationofEnglishidiomaticusagesofpreposition

2.1Verbpreposition

Averbthatconnectswithdifferentprepositionsmayhavedifferentmeaningsandusages.

A.argue

Argueisanintransitiveverb.Thus,itmustconnectwithapreposition.

Argueover/aboutsomething;arguewithsomebody;arguefor（=infavorof）;argueagainst（=oppose）

e.g.TomandJimalwaysargueabout/overpolitics.

Atpresent,husbandsandwivesoftenargueoverwhoshoulddothehouseholdchores.

Theyarguedforthereformandopening.

Davidarguedforthelongerschoolyear.

Theyarguedagainstthelongerschoolyear.

B.agree

agreeon（athing）;agreewith（person）;agreetodosomething.

e.g.Weseemtoagreeonalmosteverything.

Canweagreeonadateforthenextmeeting?

Ican’tagreewithyouanymore.

Jimagreeswithmeonthatproposition.

AliceagreestoteachmeEnglish.

Weagreetoleaveatonce.

C.die

Dieout（alldie）;dieof（illness,hunger）;diefrom（wounds,accident）.

e.g.Peopleinthatcitydiedoutintheearthquake.

Manyofthemdiedofstarvation.

AndrewdiedofAIDS.

Thesoldierdiedfromawoundinthebreast

Hissondiedfromatrafficaccident.

D.reward

Rewardfor（somethingdone）;rewardwith（something）;rewardby（aperson）.

e.g.Ourteamwasrewardedforourgoodperformance.

Ourteamwasrewardedwithsomemoney.

Ourteamwasrewardedbythepresidentofourcompany.

E.compare

CompareAwithBcomparetosomething（metaphor）

e.g.Ourparentsoftencompareouracademicperformancewithourpeers’.

TheoldgenerationcomparesChairmanMaototherisingsun.

2.2Nounpreposition

A.For+noun

1.Forexample

Manygreatpeoplerosefrompoorbackgrounds,forexample,Lincoln.

2.Forlife

MyEnglishteacherinmiddleschoolhasinfluencedmeforlife.

3.Forthemostpart

Theboymovedrestlesslyfromonefoottotheother,keepinghiseyesdown,andFORthemostpartonlyhalfsinging.

4.For（this,that,some,etc）reason

Forthisreason,thegovernmentshouldmakethe"UniversityStudentVillageOfficer"rolelegalization,establishstrictselectionmechanismandimplementscientificmanagerialsystemtobuildanupstandinggrowingenvironment.

5.Forfun

Shedidtheworkjustforfun.

6.Forgood（always,permanently）

----HaveMr.andMrs.SmithmovedCanadaforgood?

----No,theywillcomebackherenextyear.

7.Forsale（onsale）

Forsalemeanswewanttosalethegoods,whileonsalemeansthegoodssellatacheaperpricethantheusualprice.

Isitthathouseforsale?

Ihopewecanbuyit.

Therearemanythingsonsaleinthatmarket.Thus,manypeoplegoandbuy.

B.By+noun

1.Byoneself（myself,yourself,etc）=onone’sown

Weshouldnotalwaysdependonothersandtrytodoeverythingwecandobyourselves.

2.Bychance

Ifindthisquietbutbeautifulplacebychance.

3.Byfar（toagreatdegree）

IthinkMyFairLadyisawonderfulmusicalcomedy.IlikeitbetterthananyotherIhaveeverseen,byfar.

4.Byallmeans

Thiscompetitionisveryimportanttous.Thus,everyofuswilltrytosurpassothersandwinthecompetitionbyallmean.

5.Byname

Ionlyknowherbyname.=Ionlyknowhername.

C.On,off+noun

1.Onbusiness（forthepurposeofconductingbusiness）

IhavetogotoLondononbusinesstomorrow.

2.Onthecontrary

Itdoesn'tseemuglytome.Onthecontrary,Ithinkit'sratherbeautiful.

3.Onearth

Whatareyouonearthdoing?

Ofalllivingthingsonearthwhatelsedoesn'tlooklikehumankind?

4.Onedge（nervous）

Sheisverynervousandtheleastexcitementputsherallonedge

5．Onguard;opposite:

off（one’s）guard

Beonguardwhensomebodyflattersyou.

Seeingtheopponentwasoffguarded,theboxerlandedaknockoutpunch.

6.Ontheonehand…ontheotherhand…

Barbaraisundecidedaboutwhatshewilldonextyear.Ontheonehand,she’dliketofinishcollege.Ontheotherhand,she’dliketoleavecollegeandgetajob.

7.Onhand（athand;inone’spossession,available）

Onone’shands（tohaveasone’scareorresponsibility）;opposite,offone’shands

----Whydon'tyoubuythebook?

Ithinkyoulikeit.

-----Ilikeit,butyoudon'thaveenoughmoneyonhand.

Mr.Bennetthasalotofbusinessdetailsonhishandsrightnow.

I’mgladthatjobisfinishedIt’sarelieftohaveitoffmyhands.

8.Onone’smind;opposite:

offone’smind

Inmind（havesomethinginmind）:

haveunderconsideration

Somethingwasobviouslyonhismind,buthewasreluctanttosaywhatitwas.

Aftersomanyyears,heisoffmymindnow.

Iknowyouwanttobuyanewdress,butwhatkindofadressdidyouhaveinmind?

9.Ona（sad,hopeful,etc）note

Thispieceofmusicisonasadnote.

10.Onprinciple:

accordingtoprinciple

Inprinciple:

principally

Hedealtwiththeproblemonprinciple

Inprinciple,hecandoit.However,thereissomedifficultyindoingit.

11.Onthetown:

play

Thestudentsallhadanightonthetownaftertheexamswereover.

12.Onthewhole

Idon’tagreewitheverythinginyourplan,butonthewholeIthinkit’sgoodandthatitwillwork.

13.Onduty;opposite:

offduty

Themenwhodrivethebusesforthecityareondutyforfourhours,thenoffdutyforanhour,andthenondutyforfourmorehours.

D.Nounprepositionfollowingin

1.Inaddition（to）

Inadditiontogivingageneralintroductiontocomputer,thecoursealsoprovidespracticalexperience.

AmyisstudyingEnglishandFrench,andinadditionshe’stakingpianolessons.

2.Inchargeof（something）

Inthechargeof（somebody）

AtthattimeIwasinchargeoftheworkoftheCentralCommitteeandthegovernment,andIintroducedaseriesofrectificationmeasures.

Hewasinchargeoftheshopwhilethemanagerwasaway.

3.In（the）direction（of）:

toward

Wewalkedinthedirectionoftheschool.

4.Indoubt（about,of）

Ifyouareindoubtaboutthemarketabilityofthiscommodity,wesuggestthatyouplacetrialorderofsmallquantity.

5.Inanyevent

Inanyevent,itseemsclearthatthestudyofquarksbythistechniquewillnotbeasroutineaswasexpected,ifthemethodeverworks.

6.Inhonorof

We'llholdabigcelebrationinhonorofthisgreatwriter.

7.Inthehopeof=inhopesof

Mr.Smithiswritingasciencefictioninthehopeof（inhopesof）gettingitpublishedsomedayinfuture.

8.Ina（good,bad,etc）humor

YesterdayMr.Joneswasinaterriblehumor.Hebeganthedaybycomplaininghiswife’scoffee,andheendeditbyscoldinghischildren.

9.Inline

Thestudentsallstandinlinetogettheirnewbooks.

It’sdifficulttokeepallthemembersofthecourtinline.

10.inperson

I’veseenalotofstarsonTVandinthenewspaper,butI’veseennoneoftheminperson.

11.Inplaceof:

replace

Johnaskedthewaitressifhecouldhavebeansinplaceofspinach.

Sheoftenspeaksatmeetingsintheplaceofherboss.

12.Insight

Webattledwithenthusiasmforpeacewasinsight.

13.Instyle

Shestayedinanexpensivehotelandreallylivedinstyle.

14.Intune;opposite:

outoftune

Thecurtainisnotintunewiththeatmosphereoftheroom.

Thepianoseemstobeoutoftune.Itsoundsterrible.

15.Inviewof

Inviewofthewindyweather,weshouldtakemoreclothes.

16.Intheway（of）

Thereisastoneintheway.Let’smoveitaway.

Strangelyenough,birdsoftencauseaccidentsbygettinginthewayofairplanes.

2.3Adjectivepreposition

Theseadjectiveprepositionalphrasesusuallyfollowthelinkverb.

A.Adjective+of

1.Ashamedof

Youshouldbeashamedofyourselfforyourrudebehaviortotheoldman.

2.awareof

Iwasnotawareoftheslightchanges.

3.Characteristicof

Arbitrary,duality,creativityanddisplacementarethecharacteristicofhumanlanguage.

4.Composedof

Theworldiscomposedofmenand