土木工程毕业设计外文资料翻译.doc

土木工程毕业设计外文资料翻译.doc

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济南大学毕业设计外文资料翻译

毕业设计外文资料翻译

题目浅谈土木工程概论

学院土木建筑学院

专业土木工程

班级

学生

学号

指导教师

二〇一二年二月二十日

-14-

JournalofCivilEngineeringandArchitecture，2008,12（6）:

41-50

IntroductiontoCivilEngineeringPapers

CaoYan

Suqianinstituteofarchitecturaldesign，Suqian，jiangsu223800

Abstract:

Civilengineeringisahugesubject,butthemainisbuilding,buildingwhetherinChinaorabroad,hasalonghistory,long-termdevelopmentprocess.Theworldischangingeveryday,butthebuildingalsoalongwiththeprogressofscienceandhairshow.Thediscoveryofmechanics,materialsupdate,evermorescientifictechnologyintothebuilding.Butbeforeahavetileroofsofthehouses,nowforcomfort,differentideas,differentscientific,promotedthedevelopmentofcivilengineering,makeitmoreperfect.

Keywords:

Civilengineering;architecture;mechanics;materials

Civilengineeringitistobuildthekindofengineeringcollectively.Itmeantthatand"militaryproject"counterparts.InEnglish,thehistoricalprocess,mechanicalEngineeringsoilcarpentry,electricalEngineering,chemicalEngineeringbelongstoCivilEngineering,becausetheyhaveapracticalutility.IntroductiontoCivilEngineeringPapersCivilEngineeringforthedevelopmentofakeyrole,firstasamaterialfoundationforthecivilengineeringconstructionmaterials,followedbythesubsequentdevelopmentofthedesigntheoryandconstructiontechnology.Everytimeanewqualityofbuildingmaterials,civilengineeringwillbealeap-styledevelopment.

Peoplecanonlyrelyontheearlyearth,woodandothernaturalmaterialsintheconstructionactivities,andlaterappearedinbrickandtilethatartificialmaterials,sothatthefirsthumantobreaktheshacklesofnaturalbuildingmaterials.ChinaintheeleventhcenturyBCintheearlyWesternZhouDynastycreatedthetile.ThefirstbrickinthefifthcenturyBCtothethirdcenturyBC,whenthetomboftheWarringStatesPeriod.Brickandtilebetterthanthemechanicalpropertiesofsoil,materials,andeasytomanufacture.Thebrickandtilesothatpeoplebegantoappearwidely,toalargenumberofhousingconstructionandurbanfloodcontrolproject,andsoon.Thiscivilengineeringtechnologyhasbeenrapiddevelopment.

Upto18tothe19thcentury,aslongastwothousandyears,brickandtilehasbeenamajorcivilengineeringconstructionmaterials,humancivilizationhasmadeagreatcontributiontotheevenwasalsowidelyusedinthepresent.Theapplicationofalargenumberofsteelproductsisthesecondleapincivilengineering.Seventeen1970stheuseofpigiron,theearlynineteenthcentury,theuseofwroughtironbridgesandtheconstructionofhousing,whichisapreludetotheemergenceofsteel.Fromthebeginningofthemid-nineteenthcentury,metallurgicalindustry,smeltingandrollingouthightensileandcompressivestrength,ductility,uniformityofthequalityofconstructionsteelandthenproducehigh-strengthsteelwire,steelcables.Asaresultoftheneedtoadapttothedevelopmentofthesteelstructurehavebeenflourishing.

Inadditiontotheapplicationoftheoriginalbeam,archstructure,thenewtruss,aframework,thestructureofnetwork,cablestructurestopromotethegradualemergenceofthestructureofYanintheformofflowers.Fromthebrickbuildinglong-spanstructures,stonestructures,afewmetersofwood,steelstructuretothedevelopmentoftensofmeters,afewhundredmeters,untilmodernkmabove.Sointheriver,crossthebridgefromshelves,onthegroundsincetheconstructionofskyscrapersandhigh-risetower,eveninthelayingofundergroundrailway,tocreateanunprecedentedmiracle.Inordertomeettheneedsofthedevelopmentofsteelworks,onthebasisofNewton'smechanics,materialmechanics,structuralmechanics,structuralengineeringdesigntheorycameintobeing,andsoon.

Constructionmachinery,constructiontechnologyandconstructionorganizationdesigntheoryalsodevelopment,civilengineeringfromtheexperienceofrisingtobecomescience,engineeringpracticeandtheoreticalbasisforbothisadifferentplace,whichledtomorerapiddevelopmentofcivilengineering.Duringthenineteenthcentury,20,madeofPortlandcement,concretehascomeout.Concretecanaggregatematerials,easy-to-concretestructuresforming,butthetensilestrengthofconcreteisverysmall,limiteduse.Bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,thesurgeinsteelproduction,withtheemergenceofthisnewtypeofreinforcedconcretecompositeconstructionmaterials,whichbearthetensionsteel,concretebearthepressureandplaytheirownadvantages.Sincet