雅思阅读真经12.docx
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雅思阅读真经12
Pre-and Post-Interview Self-marketing
Whetheroneisinajoblookingtoadvanceonthecareerladderorunemployedlooking forwork,theonlywaytosucceedistomarkethimselfor herself.Anygoodmarketerwillconfidentlyremarkthatthekeytosuccessistohaveagoodcampaignandtonevergiveup.And tomake itinthejobmarketonehastobeawareofthatandtodo justthat.Pleaseconsiderthefollowingpointstogetontherighttrack:
CurriculumvitaeorResume,BusinessCards,andReferencesorLettersofRecommendationfrompreviousemployersmustallbeinimpeccableconditionbeforeonetakesanyconcreteactiontoengageoneselfintoanotherworkingenvironment.Employers'firstpointofcontactwiththeapplicantwillbewhattheyseeonpaper,soitmustlookproficienttocreatagoodimpression.
Happinessistheultimateprinciplewhoeveroneis,aprinceorapauper.Anundeniablysmileandfriendlyapproachwillmakeonelookupbeatandinteresting,whichwillgreatlyenhanceone'schancesofwinningtheinterviewers'favourandconsequentlymarketoneselfsuccessfully.
Consiferavarietyofquestionsthatonemaybeaskedatinterviewthenconsideranswerstothequestions.Getafriendtopretendastheinterviewerandthenrehearsehowtotacklethem.Thiswillletonebrushuponinterviewingskills,andmakeoneappearmoreconfidentontheday.
Evenifthejobappliedfordoesnotrequireprofessionalattire,oneshouldstillwearabusinesssuit,unlesstoldotherwise.Ifindoubt,thesafestoptionistodressconservatively.Havingtherightlookwillnotonlyhelponepresenttherightimage,itwillincreaseone'sself-confidence,enablingonetoconcentratealltheirenergiesintowhattheyhavetosay,ratherthanworryingabouthowpeoplerepondtotheirlooks.Butwhatnottowear:
One'sroleintheinterviewprocessistoconvincetheemployerthatheorsheistherightpersonforthejob.Thus,anyclothes,whichwilldistracttheemployer'sattentionfromdeliveringthatmessage,shouldbeavoided.Tothisendavoidexcessivejewelleryandloudcoloursorbrightpatternsofclothing.Thistypeofattirehasthepotentialtoengenderanegativereactionfromtheemployer.
Alwaysappearinterestedintheprofessionaloneistryingtogetinto.Showknowledgeofthemarketandinvestigatethelatestdevelopmentswithinthesector.Bepositve.Keepallnegativethoughtsawayfromtheinterviewanddonotsayanythingderogatoryaboutone'spreviousemployer.
Ifonewantstolandaspecificrolewithinacompany,findoutexactlywhatexperience,qualifications,andrequirementsareneededtosecuretheposition.Thentargetsufficientenergiesintoobtainingthesethings.
Sometimes,thecompanyoneisapplyingforincludessomeformofpsychometrictestingasaroutinepartoftheirselectionprocedure.Donotworryandmakeoneselfexcessivelynervous.Themostwidelyusedtestsfallintomaimcategories:
personalityandability/apititude.
Anindividual'spersonalityplaysanimportantpartinhowtheyperformintheirjob.Potentialemployerscangainaninsightintoaperson'soverallcharacter,especiallywhenthesetestsareusedalongsideothertestsandmethodsofassessment.Candidatesareusuallypresentedwithaseriesofmutiple-choicequestionstowhichtherearenorightorwronganswers-theemployerobtainstheinformationrequiredbyanalysingthecandidates'answers.
Futureperformenceisaccuratelyindicatedbyaptitudeandability,hencetestswhichmeasurebothabilityandaptitudehavebecomeanimportantwayforemployerstomakeandconfirmtheirrecruitmentselections.Thesetestscantakemanyformsandcanbeadministeredinbothprintedandelectronicformats.
Commonly,candidatesarepresentedwithanumberofdifferenttests(withabreakbetweeneachofthem),namely,Numericaltests,whichwilltestacandidate'skillswithnumericalinformationwhichmaybepresentedintabular,textualorgraphicalformat;Abstracttests,whichmayinvolvestudyinggroupsofpatternstofindsimilaritiesanddifferences,andVerbaltests,whichmaytestacandidate'scomprehensionofreportswhichmaynotbedependableintheirobjectivityorhonesty,forinstance.
Makesurethatoneprepareshimselforherselffortakingthetests-haveplentyofsleep;arriveingoodtime;remembertobringthingslikeglasses/hearing-aidsifonenormallywearsthemandreadsanyliteratureonewasgivenbytesters.Ensurethatoneperformstothebestofhisorherabilityinthetests-listencarefullyandfollowinstructionsbutdonotbeafraidtoaskquestionsifthingsarestillunclearandtrytoworkquicklyandaccuratelyasmosttestsaretimed.
Considerone'sbestattributsandbringthesetotheforeinone'smarketingcampaign.Neverlietoemployeraboutqualificationofwhichoneisnotinpossession,becauseonewilldefinitelygetfoundout,andthiswillonlyruinone'schancesoffurtheremployment.Behonestwiththeemployerandmakethemawareoftheachivementsandaccomplishmentspreviouslymadeinone'scareer.
InterpretationandInterpreter
Questions1-7
Pleasechoosethemostsuitableheadingsforparagraphslistedbelow.
NBTherearemoreheadingsthanparagraphs,soyouwillnotusethemall.
ListofHeadings
ⅰTypesofinterpretation
ⅱQualitiesofacapabletranslator
ⅲDefiningacourtinterpreter
ⅳDifferencebetweeninterpretationandtranslation
ⅴInterpretation,moredifficultthattranslation
ⅵQualitiesofacourtinterpreter
ⅶSometipsforbeginnersofinterpretation
ⅷOverallremunerationsystemofcourtinterpreters
ⅸWhoneedscourtinterpretation?
ⅹHowmuchdoesaconsecutiveinterpretergetpaid?
1ParagraphA
2ParagraphB
3ParagraphC
4ParagraphD
5ParagraphF
6ParagraphG
7ParagraphI
InterpretationandInterpreter
A.Althoughthetermsinterpretationandtranslationareoftenusedinterchangeably,bystrictdefinition,interpretationreferstothespokenlanguage,andtranslationtothewrittenlanguage.
B. Acompetenttranslatorshouldbeveryacquaintedwiththefollowingpoints:
Ade-tailedknowledgeofthesubjectmatterisequallyasimportantasacademicknowledgeofthelanguagepairs,incertaincases(technicalmanualsforexample)itplaysagreaterrole.Anabilitytowritewellisalsoimportant.Proofreadingandeditingisagoodwaytobreakintotheindustryandtheskillsgainedwillhelpyoulateron.Althoughadegreemaynotbeabsolutelynecessary,aqualificationintranslationisimportant.Practicethelanguage!
Takealanguagecourseorworktowardsadegreeorwhateveryoufeelisappropriate.Readnewspapersinthatlanguageandkeepabreastoftheculture,listentomusicandnewsfromthatcountryifableto.Traveltothecountryasoftenasyouareableto.Nocourseofstudywilleverbe100%perfect.Onlyyoucanjudgewhetheritistherightonetomeetyourneeds.Thosebasicqualificationswillhelponegetstartedbutafterthatitisone’sexperienceonthejobandperformanceasatranslatorthatcounts.ThereareopportunitiesforfreelancetranslatorsthanIn-House.Attendlocaltranslationeventsandseminars.Itwillnotonlyhelponelearnmoreaboutdifferentsubjects,itwillalsohelponemakecontactsinthetranslationandinterpretingfield.
C.Interpretationisgenerallycategorizedintoconsecutiveinterpretationandsimultaneousinterpretation.Theformerreferstothecircumstancewheretheinterpreterwaitsuntilacompletestatementhasbeenspokenandthenbeginsinterpreting(soonlyonepersonisspeakingatatime).Itisusedprimarilytointerpretwitnesstestimony,asituationinwhicheveryoneinthecourtroomneedstoheartheinterpretation.Simultaneousinterpretationisgenerallyconsideredinappropriateforwitnesstestimony–unlessthecourtroomisequippedwithwirelessequipmentforthatpurpose–becausehearingtwovoicesatonceistoodistracting.
D.Acourtinterpreterisanyonewhointerpretsinacivilorcriminalcourtproceeding(e.g.,arraignment,motion,pretrialconference,preliminaryhearing,deposition,trial)forawitnessordefendantwhospeaksorunderstandslittleornoEnglish.
E.Courtinterpretersmustaccuratelyinterpretforindividualswithahighlevelofeducationandanexpansivevocabulary,aswellaspersonswithverylimitedlanguageskillswithoutchangingthelanguageregisterofthespeaker.Fortheotherlanguages,thefollowingself-studytechniquesaresuggested:
(1)expandyourvocabulary,
(2)developyourownglossaries,and(3)developinterpretingtechniques,namelyconsecutiveinterpretationsimultaneousinterpretation,andsighttranslation.
F. InadditiontototalfluencyinbothEnglishandtheforeignlanguage,acourtinterpretershouldhaveexcellentpublicspeakingandinterpersonalskills.Sometimesthetestimonytobeinterpretedisshockingortraumatic,andtheinterpretermustbeabletodealwithsuchmatterswithoutbecomingemotionallyinvolved.Theinterpretermustalsobeabletorefrainfromexpressingpersonalopinionsoractingasanadvocateforonesideortheotherinacourtcase,andmustbeabletoworkunobtrusively.Theinterpretermustbeabletoworkwellunderpressureandreactquicklytosolvecomplexlinguisticandethicalproblemsastheyarise.Ontheotherhand,whenaproblemcannotbesolvedbytheinterpreteralone,theinterpretermustdemonstratethegoodjudgmentrequiredtoinformthecourtofthatfactandtakewhateverstepsarenecessarytoresolvethesituation.Andfinally,goodcourtinterpretersconstantlystrivetoimprovetheirskillsbyreadingfromawidevarietyofsources,attendingconferences,researchingnewtermsandconcepts,andhoningtheirinterpretingtechniques.
G.Thereisagreatdemandforcertifiedcourtint