完整版英语句子成分与结构.docx
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完整版英语句子成分与结构
英语句子成分及简单句型结构
一、介绍与其重要性
学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。
英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。
句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。
英语的句子成分有八种。
定义：
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：
主语和谓语
次要成分：
表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
二、英语句子成分分析解读
找出句中主语
Thesunrisesintheeast.
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.
Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.
Seeingisbelieving.
Toseeistobelieve.
Helikesdancing.
Whatheneedsisabook.
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.
㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:
由动词或动词词组组成
Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?
Helookedaftertwoorphans.
复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;
HecanspeakEnglishwell.
Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。
及物动词（vt.）：
及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。
如：
HereachedParis.
不及物动词（vi.）：
不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。
若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。
如:
Look!
Sheissinging.
Lookatmecarefully!
类似的还有：
agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed...
易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：
误：
dealaproblem正：
dealwithaproblem处理问题
误：
dependsb.正：
dependonsb.依靠（依赖）某人
误：
insistdoingsth.正：
insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事
误：
knockthedoor正：
knockon[at]thedoor敲门
误：
operatesb.正：
operateonsb.为某人做手术
误：
participatesth.正：
participateinsth.参加某事
误：
refersth.正：
refertosth.查阅（参考）某物
误：
relysb./sth.正：
relyonsb./sth.依靠（依赖）
误：
replyaletter正：
replytoaletter回信
（四）表语
（八）同位语
summary
Exercises:
分析句子成分
1.Timefliesfast.
2.Therewillbeagoodmealforusatouraunt’s.
3.Theriverosetenfeetinthenight.
4.Iheardhimshout.
5.Heboughtsomesweetsforhisson.
6.Iprefermycoffeehot.
7.Don’tworryaboutme;justtakecareofyourself.
8.Youcanrelyonhimtodoanythingthatisnecessary.
9.Alotofnoiseisgoingonoutside.
10.Thelittlegirlcandressherselfnow.
11.Itwasapitythatyoudidn’twatchthatwonderfulmatch.
12.Ifeltmyheartbeatrapidly.
13.Doyouwanttocometotheparty?
14.Weshoulddosomethingtohelpthestudentsindifficulties.
15.Howlonghaveyouworkedinthehospital?
三、英语简单句的构成
⏹基本句型：
主语+系动词+表语（主系表）
⏹主语+不及物动词+（其他成分）
⏹主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）
⏹主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
⏹主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补
课堂练习：
分析下列句子的句型结构
1.Youareastudent.
2.Hefelthappytoday.
3.Whatyousaidmademehappy.
4.CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?
5.Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.
6.Helikespopmusic.
7.Istayedawakeuntil11:
30oneeveninginordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonforoncebymyself.
8.Annenamedherdiarykittybecauseshethoughtitwasherbestfriend.
课后练习
一、选择题。
1.Shetriedhard,butshestillcouldn'tmakeus________ourmind.
A.tochangeB.changedC.changeD.changing
2.Whentheoldladyisaloneinthehouse,herdogmakesherfeel______andrelaxed.
A.healthyB.lonelyC.safeD.angry
3.AsEdisongrew______,heneverlosthisinterestinscience.
A.theelderB.elderC.theolderD.older
4.It’snotpolitetostandbyandlookedattheoldman_____.
A.ismadefunofB.beingmadefunof
C.ismadefunD.beingmadefun
5.Theoldmovieremindedthem_____thewonderfultimetheyhadspenttogether.
A.toB.forC.inD.of
6.I'dliketo________youressaywithyouwhenyouhavetime.
A.gooverB.gobyC.goforD.goafter
7.Thereportshowedusveryclearlyhowtheplanegot_______andcrashedintheend.
A.intocontrolB.withincontrol
C.outofcontrol D.undercontrol
8.Mostofthemachinesintheworkshop__________nextmonth.
A.arerepairedB.havebeenrepaired
C.wererepairedD.willberepaired
9.Whenapplyingforajob,youhaveto________aresume.
A.getoffB.handin
C.putoutD.takeaway
10.Thewine________alittlebitterthistime.
A.tastesB.soundsC.looksD.feels
11.Thebosstoldhissecretaryto________thedocumentsforlateruse.
A.putawayB.turnonC.makeupD.breakout
12.Weshould_____thisinmind:
Don’tjudgeapersonbyhisappearance.
A.bearB.putC.placeD.print
13.IfIworkinasmallfactory;itisnot_________formetogainmuchexperience.
A.weeklyB.friendlyC.likelyD.lively
14.Thevillagershaveofferedmuchhelptousandwethinkweshoulddosomethingforthem_____.
A.inreturnB.inplaceC.infashionD.indanger
15.Accordingtothetimetable，thetrainforBeijing______at9:
10p.m.fromMondaytoFriday.
A.wasleavingB.isleavingC.leavesD.hasleft
16.__________isquitedifficultforMarytopasstheinterview.
A.WhatB.ThisC.ThatD.It
17.Mr.Blackislookingforwardto_________hisChinesepartnersoon.
A.seeingB.seeC.beseeingD.haveseen
18.Itriedhard,butIcouldn'tfindthe________totheproblem.
A.solutionB.helpC.replyD.demand
19.English,theyhavetostudyasecondforeignlanguage.
A.ExceptB.ExceptforC.BesideD.Besides
20.Shegaveupher_______asareporterattheageof25.
A.careerB.interestC.lifeD.habit
21.ThismorningwhenIwaswalkingtomyoffice,I_________toseeanoldfriendofmineneartheofficebuilding.
A.occurredB.happenedC.managedD.settled
22._______writingalettertothemanager,hedecidedtotalktohiminperson.
A.DuetoB.BecauseofC.AsforD.Insteadof
23.Itwillonlytakemeaminutetogetyourwatchfixed;itwillbeready_____.
A.bythewayB.rightaway
C.atlastD.inthatcase
24.AsfarasI'mconcerned,Idon'tlike_________inthatway.
A.tobetreatedB.totreat
C.treatedD.treating
25.Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfieldsfind_____difficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.
A.themB.themselvesC.itD.itself
26.Onlywhenwehurriedtotheairport______theflightwascancelled.
A.wefoundB.didwefind
C.havewefoundD.wehavefound
27.Thisnovelisworthreading,becauseitgivesadetaileddescriptionofthehistorical________in1949.
A.accidentsB.casesC.eventsD.things
28._______,afriendofMrs.Blackfoundthewatchshehadlosttwodaysbefore.
A.EspeciallyB.Usually
C.GenerallyD.Fortunately
29.Thenewspaper________twopeoplewerekilledintheaccident.
A.saysB.talksC.callsD.asks
30.Hesaid,“I______alotofnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.”
A.hadalreadylearntB.wouldhavealreadylearnt
C.havealreadylearntD.alreadylearnt
31.Shetoldusbrieflyabouthowtheysucceededin________thenewproduct.
A.developB.todevelop
C.developedD.developing
32.Thefatherwasdelightedtohearthechild________that.
A.tosayB.tohavesaidC.sayD.said
33.It'sreportedthatthepoliceare_________theareaforthecriminal.
A.processingB.searchingC.operatingD.handling
34.Thegeneralmanagersatthere,_________tothereportfromeachdepartment.
A.tolistenB.listen
C.beinglistenedD.listening
35.Themanagershowedthenewemployee_________tofindthesupplies.
A.whatB.where
C.thatD.which
36.Noonehasbeenabletoprovethatfishis_________betterforthebrainthanmanyotherkindsoffood.
A.someB.soC.asD.any
37.Maryfound_________extremelydifficulttopasstheexamination.
A.itB.thisC.thatD.What
38.MoreandmoreChinesepeopleare_______wildlifeconservationandenvironmentalprotection.
A.certainofB.concernedaboutC.capableofD.crazyabout
39.Wenowknowthatabout________allthekindsofseaweedareanimals.
A.onefourthB.onefourthofC.onefourofD.theonefourth
40.Scientistscouldseemanythingsthatmostpeoplewould________tosee.
A.feelB.failC.fallD.fill
41.Thenursetook___ofmybloodtotest.
A.anexampleB.aninstanceC.acaseD.asample
42.Largeandpowerful,theatmosphereconsistsofanoceanofgaseshundredsofmiles.
A.highB.higherC.highlyD.height
43.Thesalesdepartmentwasrequiredto_______aplaninthreeweeks.
A.turnupB.getupC.comeupwithD.putupwith
二、用所给词的正确形式填空：
1.Iwonderedwhytheboyoftenavoided（talk）___________withhisclassmates.
2.AlthoughJohnwasnotexperiencedinbusiness,hediditwith（confident）_________________.
3.Therewasastranger（stand）_______________atthedoor.
4.Themainbenefitof（work）_________withthecompanyistheopportunitytotravelabroad.
5.Itiswell-knownthatsportswill（strength）________________thefriendshipbetweennations.
6.Itwas（luck）__________indeedforMr.Foxtohavechangedhisflightandarrived（safe）___________.
7.Markwasalittleupset,forthemanagerdidn’tallowhim（take）_______hisholidaythefollowingweek.
8..Johnwenttotownyesterdayandhadhiscomputer（repair）_________there.
9.In1964,theOlympicGamesinTokyobecamethefirstprogram_（transmit）________________viasatellite.
10.Yourhairneeds__________________（cut）.Itistoolong.
11.Ihavenochoicebut___________（wait）.
12.Didyouhaveanydifficulty（get）___________avisatoBritain?
13.Iaskedhimnot（say）_________anythingaboutourcontractuntiltheendofthemonth.
14.Thatnewfilmisworth（see）________forthesecondtime.
15.Sheiswell-knownforherexcellent（achieve）_______________inhercareer.
16.Johnwenttotownyesterdayandhadhiscomputer（repair）_________there.
17.In1964,theOlympicGamesinTokyobecamethefirstprogram（transmit）________________viasatellite.
18.Yourhairneeds__________________（cut）.Itistoolong.
19.Ihavenochoicebut___________（wait）.
20.Didyouhaveanydifficulty（get）___________avisatoBritain?
21.Iaskedhimnot（say）_________anythingaboutourcontractuntiltheendofthemonth.
22.Thatnewfi
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