届高考英语二轮复习考点解析卷八含答案解析.docx
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届高考英语二轮复习考点解析卷八含答案解析
2019届高考英语二轮考点解析卷(八)
1、 KongZi,alsocalledConfucius(551—479B.C.),andSocrates(469—399B.C.)livedonlyahundredyearsapart.DuringtheirlifetimestherewasnocontactbetweenChinaandGreece,butitisinterestingtolookathowtheworldthateachofthesegreatphilosopherscamefromshapedtheirideas,andhowtheseideasinturn,shapedtheirsocieties.
NeitherphilosopherlivedintimesofpeacesthoughthereweremorewarsinGreecethaninChina.TheChinesestateswereverylargeandfeudal,whiletheGreekcity-statesweresmallandurban.TheurbanenvironmentinwhichSocrateslivedallowedhimtobemoreradical(激进的)thanConfucius.UnlikeConfucius,Socrateswasnotaskedbyrulershowtogoverneffectively.Thus,Socrateswasabletobemoreidealistic,focusingonissueslikefreedom,andknowledgeforitsownsake.Confucius,ontheotherhand,advisedthoseingovernmentservice,andmanyofhisstudentswentontogovernmentservice.
ConfuciussuggestedtheGoldenRuleasaprinciplefortheconductoflife."Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou.”Heassumedthatallmenwereequalatbirth,thoughsomehadmorepotential(潜能)thanothers,andthatitwasknowledgethatsetmenapart.Socratesfocusedontheindividual,andthoughtthatthegreatestpurposeofmanwastoseekwisdom.Hebelievedthatsomeindividualshadmorepotentialtodeveloptheirreasonthanothersdid.LikeConfucius,hebelievedthatthesuperiorclassshouldruletheinferior(下层的)classes.
ForSocrates,thefamilywasofnoimportance,andthecommunityoflittleconcern.ForConfucius,however,thefamilywasthecentreofsociety,withfamilyrelationsconsideredmuchmoreimportantthanpoliticalrelations.
Bothmenarerespectedmuchmoretodaythantheywereintheirlifetimes.
1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirstparagraph?
A.SocratesandConfuciushadmuchincommon.
B.ConfuciushadmuchinfluenceonSocrates'ideas.
C.Thesocietieswereinfluencedbythephilosophers’ideas.
D.TherewereculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandGreece.
2.SocratessharedwithConfuciustheideathat _________.
A.allmenwereequalwhentheywereborn
B.thelowerclassesshouldberuledbytheupperclass
C.thepurposeofmanwastoseekfreedomandwisdom
D.peopleshouldnotaskotherstodowhattheydidnotwantto
3.WhatmadesomepeopledifferentfromothersaccordingtoConfucius?
A.Family.
B.Potential.
C.Knowledge.
D.Community.
4.Thispassageisorganizedinthepatternof _______.
A.timeandevents
B.comparisonandcontrast
C.causeandeffect
D.definitionandclassification
2、 Onacollegecampingtrip,curiosityaboutwavesandsandcausedRobThielertostudyshorelinesaroundtheworld.ThirtyyearslaterandnowaU.S.GeologicalSurveyresearchgeologist,Thieler,iscombiningscienceandsmartphonetechnologytohelpstudyanendangeredbird,theAtlantic.
Coastpipingplover.
Thepipingploverisashorebirdthatbreeds(繁殖)alongtheAtlanticCoast,theGreatLakesandtheGreatPlains.Risingsealevelsassociatedwithclimatechange,aswellasincreaseddevelopmentintheirbeachhabitats(栖息地),threatenthespecies(物种).Tohelptrackchangesinpipingploverhabitats,ThielerdevelopedafreeappcallediPloverin2012.Thisisamarkedchangefromthetypicalwayscientistscollectdata,whichinvolvesgatheringinformationusingspecializedequipmentorwritinginnotebooksandthenputtingintospreadsheets.
SincereleasingiPlover,scientistshavegathereddataacross1500kmofbreedingrange.ThatequalsaboutathirdofthedistanceacrosstheU.S.,whichisalargeareatocoverforonlytwothousandbreedingpairsofpipingploversontheeastcoast.Insteadofhavingtotravelandspenddaysateachsite,anumberofcooperatorsinthefieldusetheapptocollectandsenddata,allowingscientiststogatherdatamoreefficiently.Italsoallowsthemtocollectdataatthesametimeduringeachbreedingseason,providingabetterpictureofchangesthathappenoverlongerperiodsoftime.Andfast,centralizedaccessmeansscientistscanlookatdataquicklytogetareal-timeideaofwhereandhowpipingploversareusingtheirhabitats.
WhileiPloverisusedbytrainedfieldstaff,otherappsliketheU.S.GeologicalSurvey’sweb-based“iCoast—DidtheCoastChange?
”invitecitizenscientiststoidentifycoastalchangesbycomparingbird’s-eye-viewphotographstakenbeforeandafterstorms.Alltheinformationscientistsandcitizenscientistsalikecollecthelpsfederalandstateagenciescreatepolicyplansforaddressingclimatechangeimpacts(影响)worldwide.
1.Whatcanweknowaboutthepipingplover?
A.Itsbehaviourischanging.
B.Itshabitatisgrowingbigger.
C.Itslivingenvironmentisbecomingworse.
D.ItsbreedingislimitedtotheAtlanticCoast.
2.WhydidThielerdevelopiPlover?
A.TostudyshorelinesacrossAmerica.
B.Toadvanceinformationtechnology.
C.Tofindoutglobalclimatechange.
D.Tomonitorchangesofpipingploverhabitats.
3.Whichofthefollowingbenefitstheshorebirds?
A.Thecampingequipment.
B.Researchonsmartphones.
C.Thechangeablecoast.
D.Progressintechnology.
4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?
A.ProtectingEndangeredShorebirds
B.RobThieler,aCreativeScientist
C.IPlover,ToolforTrainingFieldStaff
D.DifferencesBetweenIPloverandICoast
3、WelcometoHolkerHall&Gardens
VisitorInformation
HowtoGettoHolker
ByCar:
FollowbrownsignsonA590fromJ36,M6.Approximatetraveltimes:
Windermere-20minutes,Kendal-25minutes,Lancaster-45minutes,Manchester-1hour30minutes.
ByRail:
TheneareststationisCark-in-CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth,LancasterandPrestonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.
OpeningTimes
Sunday-Friday(closedonSaturday)11:
00am-4:
00pm,30thMarch-2ndNovember.
AdmissionCharges
Hall&Gardens
Gardens
Adults:
£12.00
£8.00
Groups
£9
£5.5
SpecialEvents
Producers:
Market 13thApril
Joinustotasteavarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.Meettheproducersandgetsomeexcellentrecipeideas.
HolkerGardenFestival 30thMay
Theeventcelebratesits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening,makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.
NationalGardenDay 28thAugust
Holkeronceagainopensitsgardensinaidofthedisadvantaged.Forjustasmalldonationyoucantakeatourwithourgardenguide.
WinterMarket 8thNovember
Thisisaneventforallthefamily.Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggifswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.
1.HowlongdoesitprobablytakeatouristtodrivetoHolkerfromManchester?
A.20minutes.
B.25minutes.
C.45minutes.
D.90minutes.
2.HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisittoHall&Cardens?
A.£l2.00.
B.£9.00.
C.£8.00.
D.£5.50.
3.Whicheventwillyougotoifyouwanttoseealivemusicshow?
A.Producers'Market.
B.HolkerGardenFestival.
C.NationalGardenDay.
D.WinterMarket.
4、 Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments-mostlyforentertainmentpurposes-isfairandrespectful?
Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.
Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies’name,diet,andnaturalrange.
Theanimals’normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusuallyandself-destructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis.Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.
Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreeding(圈养繁殖)ofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?
Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.
1.Howwouldtheauthordescribetheanimals’lifeinzoos?
A.Dangerous.
B.Unhappy.
C.Natural.
D.Easy.
2.Inthestateofzoochosis,animals_________.
A.remainincages
B.behavestrangely
C.attackotheranimals
D.enjoymovingaround
3.Whatdoestheauthortrytoargueinthepassage?
A.Zoosarenotworththepublicsupport.
B.Zoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimals.
C.Zoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeings.
D.Zoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment.
4.Theauthortriestopersuadereaderstoaccepthisargumentmainlyby_________.
A.pointingoutthefaultsinwhatzoosdo
B.usingevidencehehascollectedatzoos
C.questioningthewayanimalsareprotected
D.discussingtheadvantagesofnatural