高考英语阅读理解大题培优含详细答案.docx

高考英语阅读理解大题培优含详细答案.docx

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高考英语阅读理解大题培优含详细答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   WhenShakespearewastwenty-one,hewenttoLondon,averyinterestingplace,totryhisfortune.

   TherewasthefamousLondonBridgeandSt.Paul'sCathedral,andpalacesandmarketsandlongstreetsfullofshops.

   Then,too,therewerethedailycrowdswherecouldbeseenpeoplefromallovertheworld.Knights,scholarsandthehighwayman（拦路强盗）orthieves,whohadbeeninfamousfortheircleverrobberies,passedbyeachother.

   Here,also,werenoblemendressedingold,fromItalyandSpainandFrance;slavesfromSpanishAmerica,seacaptainsandministers,soldiersandservants—allheldbychancesorinterestswithinthegraywallswhichcircledLondon,andwhosegatesgavewelcometoasstrangeacrowdascouldbefoundintheworld.

   IntothiscuriouscrowdcameShakespeare,quicktoseeandeagertolearn.Andbeforelongallthesestrangesightswereasfamiliartohimasthefacesofhisowntown'sresidents.Eachonetolditsstorytohimsoplainlythat,asbeforehehadlearnedthesecretsofthefieldsandwoods,sonowhelearnedmenandmen'sintereststhatmakeupthegreatworld.

   Andhelearnedtheselessonssowellthatwhenhecametowritehisplays,hemadesuchuseofthemasnowriterevermadebeforeorsince;foritistheuseofthisknowledgeoftheworld,combinedwithhisowngenius,thatmakesShakespearethegreatestdramatistthathaseverlived.

（1）WhatwasLondonlikeinShakespeare'seyeswhenhefirstwentthere?

A. Dirtyandsmall.                                                

B. Strangeandinteresting.

C. Infamousandterrible.                                     

D. Familiarandmodern.

（2）WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesShakespeare?

A. Shakespearegotinspirationtowritefromhishometown,London.

B. ShakespearewaseagertomakefriendswiththenoblemeninLondon.

C. Shakespearewasgoodatobservingandlearningfromthedailylife.

D. Shakespearebecamethegreatestdramatistowingtohisowngenius.

（3）Whatdoestheword"one"inparagraph5referto?

A. Crowd.                               

B. Resident.                               

C. Face.                               

D. Sight.

（4）Thepassageprobablycomesfrom______.

A. aposter               

B. atextbook               

C. anadvertisement               

D. anannouncement

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇名人轶事，介绍了文学大师莎士比亚年轻时去到伦敦第一天时遇到的 有趣的事情。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“averyinterestingplace”和第五段中的“allthesestrangesights”可知，在 Shakespeare 的眼中，伦敦是一个有趣而陌生的城市。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五段可知，Shakespeare来到伦敦不久之后，通过观察和学习了解了伦敦，并适应了那里的生活，由此可推断出，Shakespeare擅长观察日常生活并从中学习。

故选C。

（3）考查代词指代。

根据第五段中的“asbeforehehadlearnedthesecretsofthefieldsandwoods”正如他以前所学到的田野和树林的秘密那样，可知，one指的是"像田野和树林一样的景象"。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

本文主要讲述了莎士比亚到伦敦的经历，所以这篇文章最有可能出现在一本教材中。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   AfewyearsbackIworkedinauniversitybuildingthatalsohousedadepartmentfullofpsychologists,allofwhomseemedtoseeusasperfectguineapigs（豚鼠）fortheirlatesttheories.Ifaneagergraduatestudentshowedupinmyofficebearingdessertsandaskedmetopickone,I'dcastacarefulglanceandask"Why?

"beforegrabbingtheapplepie.

   Sooneday,whensomeonefromthePsychologyDepartmentpostedinstructionsinthebathroompersuadingallofusto"Thinkaboutfivethingsforwhichyou'regratefuleverydayforaweek!

"myresponsewasfranklydoubtful.Ididthemath.Fivethingsadayforsevendaysisalotofbrainpowertoexpendwithoutsomuchasthepromiseofanapplepie.

   IwanderedintotheofficeofHeidiZetzer,thedirectorofourschool'sPsychologicalServicesClinic."What'swiththegratitudething?

"Iasked.Youdon'taskanacademicquestion－evenasimpleoneunlessyou'repreparedforalonganswer.Heidicamealive,andIsatdown.That'swhenIfirstheardtheterm"positivepsychology".Thegratitudething,asIhadcalledit,wasbutonesmallandsimpleelementofthepractice."Kindofliketrainingthebraintofocusonjoy,"myfriendHeidiexplained."It'sonlyaweek,"sheurged."Tryit."Idid.Andguesswhat?

Itworked.

   Everydayforaweek,IfoundfivedistinctthingsforwhichIwasthankful.Theyhadtobedifferenteveryday.Icouldn'tgetawaywithjustbeinggratefulformywonderfulhusband.ButIcould,suggestedCollieConoley,anotherpositivepsychologist,expressmygratitudeforspecificaspectsofacertainpersoneachday.He'sagreatcook.Healwaysputsourfamilyfirst.

   Lifewillneverbeperfect.Istillseenewstoriesthatannoyme.Thetrafficinmycityismaddening.IwishIcouldspeedupmyrecovery.Butwithjustonesimpleexercise,I'mrediscoveringthepeaceofthatoldsaying:

acceptingthethingsIcan'tchange,workingwithoutcomplainttochangewhatIcan,andbeingwiseenoughtoknowthedifference.

   Andallittookwasalittlegratitude.

（1）What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardthestudentwithdesserts?

A. Cautious.                      

B. Respectful.                      

C. Indifferent.                      

D. Supportive.

（2）Whywastheauthordoubtfulabouttheinstructions?

A. Becauseshethoughtitwasn'tworththeeffort.

B. Becauseshedidn'tlikeexpressingthanksoften.

C. Becausesheneededtoaskherfriendtodoitfirst.

D. Becauseshecoulddofivethingseverydayeasily.

（3）WhatdoesCollieConoleysuggesttheauthorshoulddo?

A. Begratefultoherwonderfulhusband.          

B. Bethankfulforthingsbutnotpeople.

C. Beagreatcookandputherfamilyfirst.        

D. Bespecificaboutwhatshe'sthankfulfor.

（4）What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A. Don'tBeBotheredbySmallThings                

B. WeCanChangeEverythingIfWeWant

C. PracticingGratitudeChangedMyLife           

D. BeingGratefultoOneGoodPerson

【答案】

（1）A

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，在一个星期的时间里，作者坚持每天都能发现五件她特别感激的事情，而且每天都有所不同。

生活永远不会完美。

但通过这么一个简单的练习，作者重新发现了那句老话的平和：

接受我不能改变的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并且足够明智地知道两者的区别。

这只需要一点感激之情。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Ifaneagergraduatestudentshowedupinmyofficebearingdessertsandaskedmetopickone,I'dcastacarefulglanceandask‘Why?

’beforegrabbingtheapplepie.”如果一个心急的研究生拿着甜点出现在我的办公室，让我挑选一种，在抓苹果派之前，我会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?

”可知，作者在抓苹果派之前，会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?

”。

可知，作者对带甜点的学生持有谨慎的态度。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“myresponsewasfranklydoubtful.Ididthemath.Fivethingsadayforsevendaysisalotofbrainpowertoexpendwithoutsomuchasthepromiseofanapplepie.”我的反应坦率地说是怀疑的。

我算了算。

连续7天每天做5件事，甚至连吃苹果派的承诺都没有，那就太费脑力了。

可推知，作者认为对“连续7天每天做5件事”的要求充满怀疑，认为太费脑力、不值得去做。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“ButIcould,suggestedCollieConoley,anotherpositivepsychologist,expressmygratitudeforspecificaspectsofacertainpersoneachday.He'sagreatcook.Healwaysputsourfamilyfirst.”但是另一位积极心理学家柯利·康诺利建议道，我可以每天对一个人的某些方面表达我的感激之情。

他是个很棒的厨师。

他总是把我们的家庭放在第一位。

可知，柯利·康诺利建议作者每天对一个人的某些方面表达感激之情。

由此可知，柯利·康诺利建议作者具体说明她感激什么。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Butwithjustonesimpleexercise,I'mrediscoveringthepeaceofthatoldsaying:

acceptingthethingsIcan'tchange,workingwithoutcomplainttochangewhatIcan,andbeingwiseenoughtoknowthedifference.”但通过一个简单的练习，我重新发现了那句老话的平和：

接受我不能改变的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并且足够明智地知道两者的区别）可知，练习表达感激，改变了作者的观念和生活。

由此可知选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。

并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   I'mastoryteller.AndIwouldliketotellyouafewpersonalstories.

   IgrewupreadingBritishandAmericanchildren'sbooks.WhenIbegantowrite,IwroteexactlythekindsofstoriesIwasreading:

Allmycharacterswerewhiteandblue-eyed,theyateapplesandtalkedalotabouttheweather,despitethefactthatIlivedinNigeria.Weatemangoes,andwenevertalkedabouttheweather.BecauseallIhadreadwerebooksinwhichcharacterswereforeign,Ihadbecomeconvincedthatbooksbytheirverynaturehadtohaveforeignersinthem.ThingschangedwhenIdiscoveredAfricanbooks.BecauseofwriterslikeChinuaAchebeandCamaraLaye,Iwentthroughamentalshiftinmyideaofliterature.Irealizedthatpeoplelikeme,girlswithskinthecolorofchocolate,couldalsoexistinliterature.IstartedtowriteaboutthingsIrecognized.SowhatthediscoveryofAfricanwritersdidformewasthis:

Itsavedmefromhavingasinglestoryofwhatbooksare.TheyearIturnedeight,wegotanewhouseboyFidefromanearbyruralvillage.Theonlythingmymothertoldusabouthimwasthathisfamilywasverypoor.AndwhenIdidn'tfinishmydinner,mymotherwouldsay，"Finishyourfood!

Don'tyouknow?

PeoplelikeFide'sfamilyhavenothing."SoIfeltenormouspityforFide'sfamily.ThenoneSaturday,wewenttohisvillagetovisit,andhismothershowedusabeautifullypatternedbasketthathisbrotherhadmade.Iwasastonished.Ithadnotoccurredtomethatanybodyinhisfamilycouldactuallymakesomething.Theirpovertywasmysinglestoryofthem.

   Yearslater,whenIleftNigeriatogotouniversityintheUnitedStates,myAmericanroommateaskedwhereIhadlearnedtospeakEnglishsowell,andwasconfusedwhenIsaidthatNigeriahappenedtohaveEnglishasitsofficiallanguage.Whatstruckmewasthis:

Shehadfeltsorryformeevenbeforeshesawme.MyroommatehadasinglestoryofAfrica:

asinglestoryofcatastrophe.

   Ofcourse,Africaisacontinentfullofcatastrophes.Butthereareotherstoriesthatarenotaboutcatastrophe,anditisveryimportant,itisjustasimportant,totalkaboutthem.Theconsequenceofthesinglestoryisthis:

Itrobspeopleofdignity.Itmakesourrecognitionofourequalhumanitydifficult.Itemphasizeshowwearedifferentratherthanhowwearesimilar.

   SowhatifmymotherhadtoldusthatFide's