高中英语被动语态讲解与练习.docx
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高中英语被动语态讲解与练习
被动语态PassiveVoice
一、被动语态的构成
动词语态是动词的一种特殊形式,表示句中主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态有两种:
主
动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或行为的
对象。
谓语动词为主动语态的叫主动句,为被动语态的叫被动句。
1.被动语态的基本构成形式
体
时一般进行完成
现在
过去
将来
过去将来时:
should/wouldbedone
was\weregoingtobedone
was\wereabouttobedone
was\weretobetodone过去将来完成时:
should/wouldhavebeendone
2.含情态动词的被动语态
情态动词+be+过去分词练习:
1)Visitors___________(request)nottotouchtheexhibits.
2)Allthepreparationsforthetask_______________(complete),andwe'rereadytostart.3)Look,anewcinema_____________(build)herenow.
4)I_____________(give)tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.
5)Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium______________(complete)inBeijing.
6)Ameeting___________________(hold)whenIwasthere.
7)Hundredsofjob_____________(lose)ifthefactorycloses.
8)Thenews____________________(send)tothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.
9)Theproject____________________(complete)beforeJuly.
10)Hetoldmethathisnewclothes____________________(make)verysoon.
11)Thebaby____________________(takecareof)bythebaby-sitter应.该由保姆照顾
2.被动语态的特殊结构形式
二.主动语态与被动语态的转换
1.主+谓+宾结构:
RowlingwroteHarryPotter.___________________________________________.
Thegovernmentsupportedtheresearch._____________________________________.
Noonehaseverbeatenherattennis.________________________________________.
Wedidn’tnoticeanythingspecialinhiswork.__________________________________.
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2.主+谓+间宾+直宾:
Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday._____________________________________________.
Myuncleboughtmeanewcomputer._____________________________________________________.
______________________________________________________.Ourteacherofferedusmanysuggestionstoreducepressure._____________________________________.
__________________________________________.注意:
加to或者for
Shetoldmewhentheprojectwouldstart.______________________________________.
3.主+谓+宾+宾补:
Peoplecallthisteamacheer-leadingsquad._____________________________________.注意:
在使役动词have,make,let以及感官动词see,lookat,watch,notice,observe,hear,listento,
feel,help等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.__________________________________.
4.含有begoingtodo和betodo等结构(be只有一般现在时和一般过去时)
Wearegoingtodiscusstheproblematthemeeting.____________________________________________.
TheyaretoshowthisnewfilmonTVnextweek._____________________________________________.5.表示“据说,相信,认为,期待”等动词后含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句,如;
_______________________________________________________。
_
Weknowthatheisthebestdentistinthetown._______________________________________________.
________________________________________________.重点拓展:
Itissaidthat据⋯说,Itisreportedthat据报⋯道,Itisbelievedthat大家⋯相信,Itishopedthat⋯大家希望,Itiswellknownthat众所⋯周知,Itisthoughtthat大家⋯认为,Itissuggestedthat⋯据建议。
6.祈使句变被动句
肯定祈使句:
let+宾语+be+done
否定祈使句:
don’tlet+宾语+be+done;let+宾语+not+be+done
Movethedesksintothepassage.____________________________________________.Don’tthrowrubbisheverywhere.____________________________________________.
7.谓语为动词短语的情况:
如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看
作一个整体,不能分开。
其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
TheyhaveputoffthemeetingtillnextSaturday._________________________________.
Whenwegottothecinema,ithadsoldoutallthetickets._______________________________________.
8.双重被动结构:
指句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构,句子主语既是谓语动词的承受着又
是不定式动作的承受者。
Theyaskedustodiscusstheproblematonce._______________________________________________.
____________________________________________________________________________________.
Parentsoftenasktheirchildrentodotoomuchhomework.______________________________________.
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.不及物动词的主动语态表被动意义。
(1)可用来表示主语内在“品质”“性能”的不及物动词:
break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,
sell,read,write,wash等,常与well/badly/easily/smoothly搭配。
例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.
注意:
主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:
Thedoorwon'tlock.(指门本身有毛病)
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Thedoorwon'tbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
(2)某些状态动词或不及物动词,在汉语中虽有被动意味,但英语中用主动形式,如:
weigh,
measure,cost,spread,last,happen,breakout,takeplace,consistof,comeout,comeabout,come
across,getacross,runout,giveout,turno等ut。
Thiswallmeasures10meterslong.
Thenewsthatafamoussingerwouldgiveashowspreadquickly.
2.系动词的主动语态表被动:
look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,remain,stay,appear。
Themusicsoundscomfortable.
Thisshirtfeelsmuchsofterthanthatone.
四.非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
1.不定式的主动表被动
a.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻
辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,
important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.
b.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成
主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.
试比较:
I’llgotothpeostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?
Withsomethingtobuy,shewenttomarket.
Ihavealettertowrite.
Shehassomethingtosay.
c.在betodo结构中如rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
AmItoblame?
Thehouseistolet.
2.动名词的主动表被动。
a.在need,want,require,deserve等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动
词不定式的被动形式。
Thehouseneedsrepairin(gtoberepaired).这房子需要修理。
b.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟
动词不定式的被动形式。
3.介词in,on,under,outof等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
undercontrol(受控制),undertreatmen(t在治疗中),underrepair(在修理中),
underdiscussion(在讨论中),underconstruction(在施工中)
inthechargeof(在......掌管之下),inuse(在使用中),inprint(在印刷中)
onshow(展出),onsale(待售),outofcontrol,outofsight
forsale,forrent,beyondbelief,beyondourhope.例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).重点拓展:
被动形式表主动意义,某些动词+反身代词可变为被动结构表主动意义
如devoteoneselfto,dressoneself,seatoneself,amuseoneself,loseoneself,prepareoneselffor,concern
oneselfabout.....变.为:
bedevotedto,behiddenin,beburiedin,beabsorbedin,belost,beseatedin,befacedwith,beprepared
for......
五、被动语态与系表结构的区别
当“be过+去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作;作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状
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态时,be后面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词。
其区分办法如下:
1.如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,否则为系表结
构。
例Theglassisbroken.________
Theglasswasbrokenbythebo.y_________
Theteacherwaspleasedbyheranswer.________
Theteacherwaspleasedwithheranswer._________
2.如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态。
例Thedoorislocked._________
Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocke.d_________
3.被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,还可以用于其他各种时态,而系表结构中的系动词
be只有一般时态和完成时态。
例Themachineisbeingrepaired._______
Manykindsofarthavebeenlostintheworld.________4.被动语态和系表结构中的修饰过去分词的副词有区别。
被动语态常用greatly等词修饰,系表结构常用very,quite,rather,too,so,more,mos等t。
例Iamgreatlymovedbyhiskindness.
Iamveryinterestedintakingthecourseyouareoffering.
六.练习
1.改错
1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball.
2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity.
3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?
4)Afirewasbrokenoutlastnight.
5)Hehadtotravelbybusashiscarwasdamagedinanaccidentafewdaysbef.ore
6)Thelargebuildingthatisnowbuiltwillbeahospital.
7)Hisplanissoundedgood.8)Yourcoatneedsbeingwashe.d
2.填空
1)Thepen_________(write)veryfast.2)Thiskindofsweater_______sells(sell)well.
3)Largenumbersofplasticbags_________(use)inthesupermarketseveryday.
4)Musttheoldpeople___________(speak)topolitely?
5)Hergrandmawasstillalivewhenhe__________(take)tothehospital.
6)English__________(speak)inmanyisspokencounties.
7)Threequartersoftheworld’sbooksarewritten(write)inEnglish.____________
8)Allthestudents__________(ask)tobringakitewiththemlastSunday.
9)Aremanyways_______(try)tostoppeoplefromcuttingdownsomanytrees?
10).—Whatareonshowinthemuseum?
—Somephotos_________(take)byAmericanchildren.
11)Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,__________(develop)andperfectednow.
12)Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains______(see)whethertheywill
enjoyit.
13)Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday________________(decide)yet.
14)Thenewsuspensionbridge________________(design)bytheendoflastmonth.
15)Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____________(break).
16)---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?
---Oh,excellent.It'sworth__________(read)asecondtime.
17)Thatsuit_______________(cost)lessthan60dollarsyesterday,butnowitspriceisincreased.
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七、被动语态与高考试题赏析
1.高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析
1).Insomepartsoftheworld,tea___withmilkandsugar.(NMET1993)
A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served
解析B因为serve是及物动词,其动作承受者tea作主语,表示经常发生的情况,故用一般现在
时的被动语态。
2).ThisisTed’sphone.Wemisshimalot.He___tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.(NMET2002A.killedB.iskilled
C.waskilledD.waskilling
解析CTed是kill的承受者,用被动语态,且Ted救人发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语
态。
3).----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?
----Notyet,therooms_____.(NMET1991)A.arebeingpaintedB.arepainting
C.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting
解析A“house和”“paint应”该是被动的关系,排除B,D。
后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油
漆,所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。
不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作,排除C。
4).Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday___yet.(上海春2003)A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecided
C.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided
解析Ddecide是及物动词,动作的发出者通常是人,句中的主语是动作的承受者,所以decide
要用被动语态。
从题干的语境和关键词yet,可判断用现在完成时,不定式做主语用单数,故用现在
完成时的被动语态。
5).Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets___.(上海春
2001)
A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbooked
C.werebookedD.havebeenbooked