步步高新课标高考英语一轮复习 知识排查突破 book 5 unit 3 life in the future 新人教版.docx
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步步高新课标高考英语一轮复习知识排查突破book5unit3lifeinthefuture新人教版
【步步高】(新课标)2016高考英语一轮复习知识排查突破book5Unit3Lifeinthefuture新人教版
重点识记词汇
1.speedup加速 2.aspectn.方面;层面
3.motivationn.动机4.desertn.沙漠;荒原
5.fastenvt.系牢;扎牢6.losesightof...看不见……
7.sweepup打扫;横扫8.takeup拿起;接受;开始;继续
9.recyclevt.回收利用;再利用10.switchn.开关;转换vt.转换
11.enormousadj.巨大的;庞大的12.slideinto(快捷而悄声地)移动;溜进……
13.guiden.指导;向导;导游vt.指引;指导14.greedyadj.贪吃的;贪婪的;贪心的
15.bebackonone’sfeet(困境后)恢复;完全复原
16.uncertainadj.不确切的;无把握的→certainadj.确信的;有把握的
17.ecologyn.生态;生态学→ecologistn.生态学家
18.previousadj.在前的;早先的→previouslyadv.在前;早先
19.guiden.指导;向导;导游vt.指引;指导→guidancen.指引;指导
20.surroundingsn.周围的事物;环境→surroundingadj.周围的→surroundvt.围绕
21.combinationn.结合;组合→combinevi.联合;结合;化合vt.使化合;使联合;使结合→combinedadj.结合的
22.toleratevt.容忍;忍受→tolerancen.容忍;宽容
23.adjustmentn.调整;调节→adjustvt.调整;使适应
24.constantadj.时常发生的;连续不断的→constantlyadv.不断地
25.pressvi.&vt.按;压;逼迫n.按;压;印刷;新闻→pressuren.压力
26.lackvi.&vt.缺乏;没有n.缺乏;短缺的东西→lackingadj.缺乏的
27.exhaustedadj.筋疲力尽的;疲惫不堪的→exhaustvt.耗尽
28.optimisticadj.乐观(主义)的→optimismn.乐观→pessimismn.(反义词)悲观→pessimisticadj.悲观(主义)的
29.moveableadj.可移动的;活动的→movev.&n.移动
30.receivern.接受者;接收器;电话听筒→receivevt.接到;收到;接待
31.efficiencyn.效率;功效→efficientadj.效率高的;有能力的
32.instantn.瞬间;片刻adj.立即的;立刻的→instantlyadv.马上
33.representativen.代表;典型人物adj.典型的;有代表性的→representv.代表
34.settlementn.定居;解决→settlev.定居;解决→settlern.定居者
必背经典句式
1.However,IlostsightofWangPingwhenwereachedwhatlookedlikealargemarketbecauseoftoomanycarriagesflyingbyinalldirections.
然而,当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时,由于太多的客车朝四面八方飞奔,我看不见王平了。
2.Exhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.
我感到累极了,爬上床很快就睡着了。
必背经典句式
3.“Putonthismask,”headvised.“It’llmakeyoufeelmuchbetter.”
“把这个面罩带上,”他告诉我,“它会使你感觉好些。
”
4.Suedarednotsleepinherbedroom.
苏不敢在她的卧室里睡觉。
5.Nomoretypistsworkingonatypewriterorcomputer!
Nomorepostageorpostcodes!
再也不需要打字员在打字机或电脑上工作了,再也不需要邮费和邮政编码了。
构词记忆
hardship/′hɑːdʃIp/n.[C]&[U]苦难;困苦;苦事
membership/′membəʃIp/n.[C]&[U]会员资格;会员人数
ownership/′əʊnəʃIp/n.[U]所有(权);所有制
relationship/rI′leIʃənʃIp/n.[C]&[U]关系;联系
Ⅰ.词汇与派生
A.语境填词
1.Areyouoptimistic(乐观的)orpessimisticifyouarefacingthelifeoffuture?
2.Ifyoupress(按)thebutton,themachinewillstart.
3.Idon’tlikethisradioplay—Let’sswitch(转换)toanotherprogramme.
4.Lack(缺乏)ofvitaminBcanproduceavarietyofsymptoms.
5.Heguided(指引)usthroughthenarrowstreetstothecentralmosque.
6.Onherwaytoschool,thelittlegirlconstantly(时常地)wenttoseethefamousscientist.
7.Hetookuphissettlement(定居)inanewhouse.
8.Idon’tknowaboutthemotivation(动机)oftheirresearch.
9.Theyhavenochildrentogether,buteachhasasonfromaprevious(从前的)marriage.
10.ItoldhimIwasn’tgoingtotolerate(容忍)hisdrinkinganylonger.
11.Pleasefasten(系上)yourseatbeltstightlyaswearelandingshortly.
12.JudyandJanearetwingirls,buttheyaredifferentfromeachotherinmanyaspects(方面).
B.用所给词的适当形式填空
13.Aftertheheavyrain,thepathbeforemyhousebecamemuddy,andmyshoeswerecoveredwithmud.(mud)
14.Ialwaysdreamofhavinghousesurroundedbytreesandflowers.Ifwecanliveinsuchbeautifulsurroundings,wemusthaveahappyfeelingeveryday.Thesurroundingthingsalwayshaveaneffectonourmood.(surround)
15.ThecityofHangzhouisreallyanimpressiveplace.EspeciallythefamousWestLakealwaysleavesquiteanimpressiononthevisitors.IwasstronglyimpressedbyitsbeautythefirsttimeIsawit.(impress)
16.Thefamousecologistinsistedthatsomethingshouldbedonetoprotecttheecology.(ecology)
Ⅱ.短语运用
A.用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空
17.Tokeephealthy,ProfessorSmithtookupcyclingasaregularformofexerciseafterheretired.
18.Farmerssufferingfromdroughtorfloodswouldgetmorepayments.
19.Thechildlostsightofhismotherinthesupermarket,worried,cryingbitterly.
20.TheInternetiswidelyused,whichspeedsupthedevelopmentofEnglish.
21.Theirhouse,whichissimilartoours,hasabiggergarden.
22.Afterhiswife’sdeathittookhimtwoyearstobebackonhisfeet.
B.用方框内所给短语填空
23.Hewantedtoleaveschoolforlackofmoney.
24.Hearingwhattheysaid,hesmiledinnotime.
25.Whenthepolicearrived,thecrowdscatteredinalldirections.
26.Allsingerskepttogether.Asaresult,theirperformancewassuccessful.
Ⅲ.经典句式
27.Theyfinallyreachedwhatwascalled“alonelyisland”.
他们终于来到了一个叫“孤岛”的地方。
28.Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,hungryandtired.
长途跋涉后,他们三个回到了家,又饿又累。
29.Nobodydaredraisetheoppositeopinion.
没有人敢提出反对的意见。
30.Nomoretimetous!
Nomoreyouthforustocost!
再也没有光阴和青春给我们挥霍了!
31.Thebossmadetheworkersworkfromdawntodarkeveryday.
老板每天都让工人们从黎明一直工作到天黑。
1guiden.指南;指导;导游;向导(apersonwhoshowstheway);vt.给某人领路(showtheway);指引,指导(direct);影响(influence);解释,阐明(explain)
[多词一义] guide,direct,lead,instruct
guidesb.to...引导某人到……
underone’sguidance=undertheguidanceofsb.在某人的指导下
We’vearrangedawalkingtourofthecitywithyourguide.
我们已安排大家在你的带领下步行游览这座城市。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①Itwasshethatguidedtheblindmantothestreet.
②Activitiesalltakeplaceundertheguidanceofanexperiencedtutor.
(2)Wewereguidedbyalocalguideandvisitedthefamouschurch.
①Guidedbyalocalguide,wevisitedthefamouschurch.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
②Withalocalguideguidingus,wevisitedthefamouschurch.(用with复合结构改写句子)
③Alocalguideguidingus,wevisitedthefamouschurch.(用独立主格结构改写句子)
2lackvi.&vt.缺乏;没有(havenoneornotenough);n.缺乏;短缺的东西
[多词一义] lack,belackingin,beshortof
(a)lackof缺少……
for/throughlackof因缺少……
nolackof……充足的
belackingin...在……方面缺乏
lack(for)sth.缺少某物
Despitehislackofexperience,hegotthejob.
他虽然经验不足,但还是获得了这份工作。
ItlacksthepoweroftheItaliancars.
它没有意大利汽车动力强劲。
[夯实基础]
(1)Thegreenhandislackinginpracticalexperience.
Thegreenhandisshortofpracticalexperience.(用short改写句子)
(2)Helacksconfidence.
Heislackinginconfidence.(用lacking改写句子)
(3)Lackofconfidencemakeshisfatherworried.
Whatmakeshisfatherworriedishislackofconfidence.(用what引导的主语从句改写句子)
3pressn.压,按,挤;记者(journalists);新闻界(newspapersormagazines);v.按,压(push);催促;敦促
presssth.onsb.把(想法等)强加于……
press...against把……压/贴在……上
in/atpress在印刷中
offpress已出版;已发行
underpressure在压力下
putpressureonsb.给某人施加压力
Shepressedhergueststostayalittlelonger.
她力劝客人们多待一会儿。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①Withoneproblempressingonhismind,hefeltstressed(stress).
②Youneedtobeabletoworkaccuratelyunderpressure.
(2)Underpressurefromhisparents,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.
Pressedfromhisparents,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
4optimisticadj.乐观的;乐观主义的
beoptimisticabout/that...对……乐观
bepessimisticabout对……悲观
She’snotveryoptimisticabouttheoutcomeofthetalks.她对会谈的结果不太乐观。
Thepresidentsayssheisoptimisticthatanagreementcanbeworkedoutsoon.
总统说她对很快达成协议持乐观态度。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
MygoodperformanceinthejobinterviewleftmeoptimisticaboutmyfutureandaboutwhatIcandohere.
(2)Theexpertsareoptimisticaboutoursuccess.
Theexpertsareoptimisticthatwewillsucceed.(改为复合句)
5instantadj.立即的;立刻的;速食的;n.瞬间;片刻
[应试指导] theinstant,instantly的连词用法
[多词一义] theinstant,themoment,theminute,thesecond,immediately,directly
inaninstant立刻,马上
atthatinstant当时,那一刻
foraninstant片刻,一会儿
instantly/theinstant(that)一……就……(用作连词,引导时间状语从句)
Ineedaninstantreply.我需要立即答复。
[夯实基础]
(1)根据汉语提示填空
Hestayedathisfriend’s①foraninstant(一会儿)andleftthere②inaninstant(马上).③Theinstant/Instantly(一……就……)hegothome,heclosedthedoorandwaslostinthought.
(2)InstantlyIsawhim,Iknewhewasthemanthepolicewerelookingfor.
NosoonerhadIseenhimthanIknewhewasthemanthepolicewerelookingfor.(用nosooner...than...改为倒装句)
6takeup拿起(pickup,lift);接受(accept);开始;继续(continue);占用(fillorusespaceortime);从事
[应试指导] take短语语境词义辨析
takedown拆除;写下
takeon呈现;雇用;承担
takeover接管;承袭
takeoff脱掉;起飞;成功;开始流行
take...intoconsideration/account把……考虑进去
Hedidnotparticularlywanttotakeupacompetitivesport.他并不特别想从事竞技体育运动。
[夯实基础]
选择方框内的短语填空
(1)Iputthetelephonedownandtookupmyworkagain.
(2)Itsuccessfullytookoverskynews,apopularnewschannelrunningintheUKsince1989.
(3)Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.
(4)Hetookoffhisglassesandblinkedatthem.
7speedup加速;加快
athigh/low/full/topspeed以高/低/全/最高速
ataspeedof以……速度
pickup/gatherspeed加速
slowdown减速
Wemustspeedupthepaceofoureconomicreform.
我们必须加快经济改革的步伐。
Evenworse,iftherewerenochangeaboutthat,diseaseswouldspreadataveryquickspeed.
更糟的是,如果没有变化,疾病就会快速蔓延。
[夯实基础]
用speed及其相关短语完成下列小片段
YesterdayTomwasdrivinghome①ataspeedof(以……速度)150kphwhenhewasstoppedbyapoliceman.Hewasfinedbecauseof②speeding(超速).Therefore,ontherestway,hehad③toslowdown(减速).
1Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.由于缺乏新鲜空气,我感到头痛。
过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等,表示被动与完成。
使用时应注意两点:
一是过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致;二是过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语为被动与完成关系。
Givenawrongnumber,Icouldn’tcontacthimoverphone.因为给错了号码,所以我没能够与他电话联系上。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)Wellmanaged(manage),hisbusinesssoontookoff.
(2)Thewomanscientistenteredtheroom,followed(follow)byherassistants.
(3)Caught(catch)inaheavyrain,hewaslateforworkagain.
(4)Clearlyandthoughtfullywritten(write),thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.
2Well,nowthere’sasystemwherethewasteisdisposedofusingtheprinciplesofecology.哦,现在有一种装置,能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。
这是一个主从复合句。
where在句中引导定语从句,修饰先行词asystem。
where还可以引导定语从句修饰抽象地点名词,如:
point,stage,case,situation,condition,position,environme