考研英语真题试题.docx

考研英语真题试题.docx

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考研英语真题试题

2011年硕士研究生入学考试考研英语真题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A]，［B］，[C]or［D］onANSWERSHEET1。

（10points）

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth。

”But__1___someclaimstothecontrary，laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short—termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels，___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__，agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitstheway，say，walkingorjoggingdoes.

__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem，asexercisedoes，laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__，studiesdatingbacktothe1930‘sindicatethatlaughter__8___muscles，decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown。

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress。

Anyway，theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedback，thatimproveanindividual‘semotionalstate。

__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion，ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions。

Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow。

Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears，evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988，socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips，whichwouldproducea（n）__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown，____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__，thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

1。

[A]among[B]except[C]despite［D]like

2。

[A］reflect［B］demand［C］indicate［D］produce

3.［A]stabilizing[B］boosting［C］impairing[D］determining

4。

[A］transmit［B]sustain[C］evaluate［D］observe

5。

［A]measurable［B］manageable［C］affordable[D］renewable

6.[A］Inturn[B]Infact[C］Inaddition［D］Inbrief

7。

[A]opposite［B]impossible[C］average[D]expected

8。

[A］hardens[B］weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

9。

［A]aggravate[B]generate［C］moderate［D］enhance

10.［A］physical[B]mental[C］subconscious[D]internal

11。

［A]Exceptfor［B]Accordingto［C］Dueto[D]Asfor

12.［A]with［B]on[C］in[D]at

13。

［A］unless[B]until[C]if［D］because

14.［A］exhausts[B]follows[C］precedes［D］suppresses

15。

[A]into［B］from［C］towards[D］beyond

16。

[A]fetch[B］bite[C]pick［D]hold

17.[A]disappointed[B]excited［C］joyful［D]indifferent

18.[A］adapted[B］catered［C]turned［D]reacted

19。

［A]suggesting［B］requiring［C]mentioning［D］supposing

20。

[A]Eventually［B]Consequently［C]Similarly［D]Conversely

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts。

Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A]，［B］，[C]or[D］。

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical—musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable，tosaytheleast。

“Hooray！

Atlast！

”wroteAnthonyTommasini，asober-sidedclassical—musiccritic。

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise，however，isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown。

EvenTommasini，whohadadvocatedGilbert‘sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise。

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure，heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall，oranywhereelse，tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf，orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。

　　Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint。

Forthetime，attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic，classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes，theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury。

Thererecordingsarecheap，availableeverywhere，andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday‘sliveperformances；moreover，theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing。

Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

　　Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord。

Gilbert‘sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted：

AlexRoss，aclassical—musiccritic，hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent，morevibrantorganization。

”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference？

Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough。

IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed，theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica‘soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract。

　　21.WelearnfromPara。

1thatGilbert‘sappointmenthas

　　［A]incurredcriticism。

　　[B］raisedsuspicion。

　　[C］receivedacclaim.

　　［D]arousedcuriosity。

　　22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

　　[A]influential。

　　［B］modest.

　　[C]respectable。

　　[D］talented.

　　23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

　　［A］ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.

　　［B］rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

　　［C］exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

　　[D］overestimatethevalueofliveperformances。

　　24。

Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings？

　　[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality。

　　[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

　　［C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic。

　　［D］Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces。

　　25。

RegardingGilbert‘sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic，theauthorfeels

　　［A］doubtful.

　　［B］enthusiastic.

　　[C］confident。

　　[D］puzzled。

Text2

　　WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses，hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany."Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision，”McGeesays。

Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29。

　　McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn‘talone。

InrecentweekstheNo。

2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost。

Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure，executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon。

Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

　　Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold，deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter，CEOturnoverwasdown23％fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad，accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup，opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

　　Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached。

SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey：

“Ican‘tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

　　Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven‘talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage，sayingshewantedtobeaCEO。

ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet—basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.

　　Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers。

Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone。

“Thetraditionalrulewasit‘ssafertostaywhereyouare，butthat'sbeenfundamentallyinverted，"saysoneheadhunter。

“Thepeoplewho‘vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”

　　26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing

　　［A]arrogant.

　　[B]frank。

　　[C]self-centered。

　　［D］impulsive.

　　27。

AccordingtoParagraph2，seniorexecutives‘quittingmaybespurredby

　　［A］theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus。

　　[B］theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife。

　　［C］theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.

　　[D］theirpursuitofnewcareergoals。

　　28.Theword“poached"（Line3，Paragraph4）mostprobablymeans

　　[A］approvedof.

　　[B]attendedto.

　　[C]huntedfor.

　　[D]guardedagainst.