Wedding.docx

Wedding.docx

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Wedding

weddingistheceremonyinwhichtwopeopleareunitedinmarriageorasimilarinstitution.Weddingtraditionsandcustomsvarygreatlybetweencultures,ethnicgroups,religions,countries,andsocialclasses.Mostweddingceremoniesinvolveanexchangeofweddingvowsbythecouple,presentationofagift（offering,ring（s）,symbolicitem,flowers,money）,andapublicproclamationofmarriagebyanauthorityfigureorleader.Specialweddinggarmentsareoftenworn,andtheceremonyissometimesfollowedbyaweddingreception.Music,poetry,prayersorreadingsfromScriptureorliteratureisalsooptionallyincorporatedintotheceremony.

AnumberofcultureshaveadoptedthetraditionalWesterncustomofthewhitewedding,inwhichabridewearsawhiteweddingdressandveil.ThistraditionwaspopularizedthroughtheweddingofQueenVictoria.SomesayVictoria'schoiceofawhitegownmayhavesimplybeenasignofextravagance,butmayhavealsobeeninfluencedbythevaluessheheldwhichemphasizedsexualpurity.[1]Withinthemodern'whitewedding'tradition,awhitedressandveilareunusualchoicesforawoman'ssecondorsubsequentwedding.Thenotionthatawhitegownmightsymbolizesexualpurityhasbeenlongabandoned,andiscriticizedbyetiquettewriterslikeJudithMartinasdistasteful.[2]

TheuseofaweddingringhaslongbeenpartofreligiousweddingsinEuropeandAmerica,buttheoriginofthetraditionisunclear.HistorianslikeVickiHowardpointoutthatbeliefinthe"ancient"qualityofthepracticearemostlikelyamoderninvention.[3]"Doublering"ceremoniesarealsoamodernpractice,agroom'sweddingbandnotappearingintheUnitedStatesuntiltheearly20thcentury.[4]

Theweddingisoftenfollowedbyareception,inwhichtheritualsmayincludetoastingthenewlyweds,theirfirstdanceasspouses,andthecuttingofaweddingcake.

Weddingcustomsaroundtheworld

Arab&Egyptianweddingcustoms

AlthoughChristianweddingsintheArabWorldbearsimilaritiestoWesternweddings,MuslimweddingsintheArabcountriesareinfluencedbyMuslimtraditions.MuslimweddingsstartwithaSheikhandAl-kitaab（book）forthebrideandgroom.AweddingisnotIslamicallyvalidunlessbothbrideandgroomarewilling,andthegroomisoftenencouragedtovisitherbeforethewedding（asadvisedinmanyaḥadīthoftheIslamicprophetMuhammad）.However,thesevisitsmustbechaperonedtoensurepurityofactionbetweenthetwo.Menandwomeninweddingceremoniesandreceptionsaresegregated,withareasformenandforwomen.

Chineseweddingcustoms

TraditionalChinesemarriageisaceremonialritualwithinChinesesocietiesthatinvolveamarriageestablishedbypre-arrangementbetweenfamilies.WithinChineseculture,romanticlovewasallowed,andmonogamywasthenormformostordinarycitizens.Abandofmusicianswithgongsandflute-likeinstrumentsaccompaniesthebrideparadetogroom'shome.Similarmusicisalsoplayedattheweddingbanquet.Dependingontheregionthatthebridehailsfrom,ChineseweddingswillhavedifferenttraditionssuchasTeaCeremonyortheuseofaweddingemcee.Alsoinmoderntimes,Chinesecoupleswilloftengotophotostudiostotake"glamourshots"posinginmultiplegownsandvariousbackgrounds.

MostregionalChineseweddingritualsfollowthemainChineseweddingtraditions,althoughsomeritualsareparticulartothepeoplesofthesouthernChinaregion.InmostsouthernChinesewedding,thebridepriceisbasedonthegroom'seconomicstatus.Theideaof"sellingthedaughter"orbrideisn'taphrasethatisusedoftenthereforethepriceofthebrideisn'ttoodemanding.Mostofthetimethebridepriceisintheformofgoldjewelry,finefabric,ormoney,evenaroastpigwhichsymbolizesthebridetobeavirgin.Weddingpresentsaregivenbytheelderlycouplesorcouplesthatareolderthanthenewlywedsandteaisservedbytheyoungerfamilymembers.

Europeancustoms

Britishcustoms

TheWesterncustomofabridewearingawhiteweddingdresscametosymbolizepurityintheVictorianera,notvirginity.Withinthe"whitewedding"tradition,awhitedressandveilisnotconsideredappropriateinthesecondorsubsequentweddingofawidowordivorcee.ThespecificconventionsofWesternweddings,largelyfromaProtestantandCatholicviewpoint,arediscussedat"whitewedding".

Aweddingisoftenfollowedoraccompaniedbyaweddingreception,whichinsomeareasmaybeknownasthe'WeddingBreakfast',atwhichanelaborateweddingcakeisserved.Westerntraditionsincludetoastingthecouple,thenewlywedshavingthefirstdance,andcuttingthecake.Abridemaythrowherbouquettotheassembledgroupofallunmarriedwomeninattendance,withfolkloresuggestingthepersonwhocatchesitwillbethenexttowed.Afairlyrecentequivalenthasthegroomthrowingthebride'sgartertotheassembledunmarriedmen;themanwhocatchesitissupposedlythenexttowed.

TheWeddingBreakfastisoneoccasionwhereeverymemberofthefamilywhohashadatleastsomeroleintheweddingispresent.Itisalsoimportantasthefirsttimethenewlymarriedbrideandgroomsharetheirfirstmealtogetherasalawfullyweddedcouple.ThewordBreakfastcomesfromamoreancienttraditionoffastingbeforetheweddingceremony,theWeddingBreakfastistherefore'breakingthatfast'.ThemodernWeddingBreakfastincludestheserviceoffoodtogueststhatcanrangefromtraditionalroasts,buffets,orregionaltreatssuchasinthecaseofaLondonWedding[10]inthe'EastEnd'.

AnotherVictoriantraditionisforbridestowearorcarry"somethingold,somethingnew,somethingborrowed,somethingblue"duringtheservice.Itisconsideredgoodlucktodoso.Oftenthebrideattemptstohaveoneitemthatmeetsallofthesequalifications,suchasaborrowedbluehandkerchiefwhichis"newtoher"butloanedbyhergrandmother（thusmakingitold）.Anotheradditiontothiscustomistowearacoininone'sshoetobringprosperity.

Thefulltextoftheverseis:

Somethingold,somethingnew,

Somethingborrowed,somethingblue,

Andsilversixpenceinyourshoe.[11]

HedsorHouse,StokeParkandLeedsCastlearesomeofthemostfamousandusedweddingvenuesaroundLondon.

Frenchcustoms

InFrance,onlycivilweddingsarelegallyrecognized（duetotheconceptoflaïcité）,theyareperformedinthetownhallbythemayor（oranothercivilservantactingonhis/herbehalf）.Atleastoneofthespousesmustresideinthetownwheretheceremonytakesplace.Sincemanypeoplechoosetoalsohaveareligiouswedding,thereligiousceremonyoftentakesplaceimmediatelyafterthecivilone.Townhallsoftenofferamoreelaborateceremonyforcoupleswhodonotwishtomarryreligiously.

Ifthetwoceremoniestakeplaceseparately,thecivilonewillusuallyincludeclosefamilyandwitnesses.Oncethecivilceremonyiscomplete,thecouplewillreceivealivretdefamille,abookletwhereacopyofthemarriagecertificateisrecorded.Thisisanofficialdocumentand,shouldthecouplehavechildren,eachchild'sbirthcertificatewillberecordedinthelivretdefamilletoo.ThecivilceremonyinFranceisfreeofcharge.

InsmallerFrenchtowns,thegroommaymeethisfiancéeatherhomeonthedayoftheweddingandescorthertothechapelwheretheceremonyisbeingheld.Asthecoupleproceedstothechapel,childrenwillstretchlongwhiteribbonsacrosstheroadwhichthebridewillcutasshepasses.

Atthechapel,thebrideandgroomareseatedontworedvelvetchairsunderneathasilkcanopycalledacarre.Laurelleavesmaybescatteredacrosstheirpathswhentheyexitthechapel.Sometimessmallcoinsarealsotossedforthechildrentogather.

Atthereception,thecouplecustomarilyusesatoastingcupcalledaCoupedeMariage.TheoriginofgivingthistoastbeganinFrance,whenasmallpieceoftoastwasliterallydroppedintothecouple'swinetoensureahealthylife.Thecouplewouldlifttheirglassto"atoast",asiscommoninWesternculturetoday.

InsouthwestFranceitiscustomarytoservespitroastwildboar（orsanglierinFrench）astheweddingbreakfast,alocaldelicacy.

Somecoupleschoosetoserveacroquemboucheinsteadofaweddingcake.Thisdessertisapyramidofcrème-filledpastrypuffs,drizzledwithacaramelglaze.

Atamoreboisterouswedding,traditioninvolvescontinuingthecelebrationuntilverylateatnight.Afterthereception,thoseinvitedtotheweddingwillgatheroutsidethenewlyweds'windowandbangpotsandpans;thisiscalledashivaree.Theyaretheninvitedintothehouseforsomemoredrinksinthecouple'shonor,afterwhichthecoupleisfinallyallowedtobealonefortheirfirstnighttogetherashusbandandwife.ThispracticespreadthroughoutFranceasawaytocelebratespecialoccasions.DecorativereplicasofthesespecialsabrescanbepurchasedfromartisansinLyon,（theFrenchcapitalofcutlery）.

Greekcustoms

Mainarticle:

MarriageintheEasternOrthodoxChurch

Twoorthreedaysbeforethewedding,thecoupleorganizesacelebrationcalledKrevati（Greekforbed）intheirnewhome.InKrevati,friendsandrelativesofthecoupleputmoneyandyoungchildrenonthecouple'snewbedforprosperityandfertilityintheirlife.Afterthecustom,theyusuallyhaveapartywithfoodandmusic.

Onthedayofthewedding,usuallySaturday,butalsoFridayorSunday,thegroomcannotseethebrideuntiltheweddingceremony.Thegroomusuallyarrivesfirstinchurchandwaitsforbride,whousuallyarriveslate.Aftertheyexchangeflowerbouquets,theyhavetheweddingceremony,wherethebestmanputstheweddingringsandcrownsonthecouple.Thecoupledrinkredwinefromthesameglass（betweenone