新高考高三英语时文阅读精练含答案解析.docx

新高考高三英语时文阅读精练含答案解析.docx

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新高考高三英语时文阅读精练含答案解析

新高考高三英语时文阅读精练（含答案解析）

A

Thenewcoronavirus（新冠病毒）isthethirdtohavejumpedfromanimalstohumansinthe21stcentury.Here’swhatweknowaboutthesemodernviruses,howtheyhavespread,andhowpublichealthsystemshaveresponded.

Afamilyofvirusesthatcanalsocausethecommoncold

SARS,MERS,andCovid-19areallinfectionscausedbymembersofagroupofvirusescalledcoronaviruses.“Coronavirusesareafamilyofviruseswhichcancauseavarietyofdiseasesinhumansandanimals,typicallyillnessesrelatedtobreathinginhumans,”explainsS.WesleyLong.Threedifferentcoronavirusescauseuptoathirdofallcasesofthecommoncold,headds.Virusesthathaveneverbeforebeenknowntoinfecthumanstypicallyaremorevirulent,meaningtheyaremorelikelytomakepeoplesick.“Whentheymakethejumptohumans,ourpreexistingimmunity（免疫力）islow,”explainsEricCioe-Pena.

Relatedbutdifferent

Likemembersofanyextendedfamily,MERS,SARS,andCovid-19alsohavedifferentpersonalitiesthataffecthowtheybehaveinpublic.MERShadthehighestdeathrateatabout35percent,followedbySARSat10percent.Sofar,Covid-19hasthelowestdeathrate,currentlyestimatedbetween2and3percent,saysDr.Long.ButCovid-19istransmittedbetweenhumansmuchmoreefficientlythaneitherSARSorMERS,whichhelpsexplainwhyithastraveledsomuchfasterthanitstwomodernpredecessors.

Whathavewelearned?

Anynewepidemicwilldisruptpublichealthsystems,nomatterhowcomplicated.Therearejusttoomanyunknowns.Covid-19ismovingsofastthatpublichealthofficialsarestrugglingtokeeptestingguidelinesuptodate.Whileresearchersaremakingprogresstowardavaccine（疫苗）,we’reatleastayearawayfromhavingonereadyforpublicuse.Someofthemostbasicstrategiesarestillthemosteffective.Isolatingsickpatientsathome,closingschools,andlimitingtravelcanhelpslowthespread.

1.Whatkindofdiseasecanthecoronaviruscause?

A.Heartdisease.B.Lungdisease.C.Skindisease.D.Liverdisease.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“virulent”mean?

A.Deadly.B.Mild.C.Universal.D.Controllable.

3.WhatisspecialaboutCovid-19?

A.Itcanspreadveryquickly.

B.Itsdeathrateisthehighest.

C.Ithasthefewestinfections.

D.Itiscausedbycoronavirus.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Thevaccinecanbeputintouseimmediately.

B.Theviruswillreducethehumanbodyimmunity.

C.Humanbeingshaveacompletegraspofthisvirus.

D.Thethreeviruseshaveexactlythesamecharacteristics.

【答案】1-4BAAB

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了21世纪从动物传染给人类的三种病毒（SARS,MERS和Covid-19）的相关知识。

1.推理判断题。

根据第二段第二句“...typicallyillnessesrelatedtobreathinginhumans...”可知，是与呼吸相关的疾病，审视选项，肺部疾病属于呼吸类，故选B。

2.词义猜测题。

根据划线单词后部分“...meaningtheyaremorelikelytomakepeoplesick.”可知，此疾病更有可能让人生病，审视选项，deadly（致命的）最符合句意，故选A。

3.细节理解题。

根据第三段最后一句“ButCovid-19istransmittedbetweenhumansmuchmoreefficientlythaneitherSARSorMERS,whichhelpsexplainwhyithastraveledsomuchfasterthanitstwomodernpredecessors.”可知，它的传播速度要快于另外两个，这是它的特别之处，故A选项正确；根据第三段第三句“Sofar,Covid-19hasthelowestdeathrate,currentlyestimatedbetween2and3percent,saysDr.Long.”可知，B项不正确；文中未提及具体感染数据，故C项不正确；这三种都属于冠状病毒，不属于特别之处，故D项不正确，故选A。

4.细节理解题。

根据最后一段第四句“Whileresearchersaremakingprogresstowardavaccine,we’reatleastayearawayfromhavingonereadyforpublicuse.”可知，至少还需要一年时间才能研制出可供公众使用的疫苗，故A选项不正确；根据第二段最后一句““Whentheymakethejumptohumans,ourpreexistingimmunity（免疫力）islow,”explainsEricCioe-Pena.”可知，病毒会降低人的免疫力，故B选项正确；根据最后一段第二句“Therearejusttoomanyunknowns.”可知，关于病毒有很多未知的东西，故C选项不正确；根据第三个小标题“Relatedbutdifferent”可知，D选项不正确，故选B。

【词汇积累】

infection[ɪnˈfekʃn]n.传染；感染

transmit[trænzˈmɪt]v.传播；传送

predecessor[ˈpredəsesər]n.原有事物，前身；前任；前辈

epidemic[ˌepɪˈdemɪk]n.流行病

【句法剖析】

1.“Coronavirusesareafamilyofviruseswhichcancauseavarietyofdiseasesinhumansandanimals,typicallyillnessesrelatedtobreathinginhumans,”explainsS.WesleyLong.

句意：

“冠状病毒是一个可以引起人类和动物各种疾病的病毒家族，通常是与人类呼吸有关的疾病，”S.WesleyLong解释说。

此句含有which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词viruses，过去分词related作后置定语修饰illnesses，注意积累avarietyof，表示“各种各样的”。

2.ButCovid-19istransmittedbetweenhumansmuchmoreefficientlythaneitherSARSorMERS,whichhelpsexplainwhyithastraveledsomuchfasterthanitstwomodernpredecessors.

句意：

但是，Covid-19在人之间的传播比SARS或MERS的传播效率要高得多，这有助于解释为什么它的传播速度比它的两个现代前身快得多。

此句含有which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整句话，从句中含有why引导的宾语从句，作explain的宾语。

B

TheStudyFindingofUnusedDrugDisposal

AsofApril2019,70%oftheU.S.populationnowliveslessthanfivemilesfromapermanent①drugdisposal②collectionsite–however,mostpeopleareunawareofrecommendeddisposalmethodsavailablewithintheircommunitiesorhavenotdisposedofunusedprescription③opioidsinthepast.

Inresponsetoadditionalprovisions④inlegislationfrom2018,theU.S.GovernmentAccountabilityOffice（GAO）wasrequiredtostudyproperdisposalofunusedpharmaceuticals⑤,particularlyinrelationtohowpatientsdisposeofunusedprescriptionmedications.

Inthestudy,theGAOfoundthattheFoodandDrugAdministration（FDA）,DrugEnforcement⑥Administration（DEA）andtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）allrecommendthatpatientsdisposeofunusedprescriptionopioidsbybringingthemtoDEA-registeredcollectionsitesoraDEAtakebackevent.Youcaneasilyfindregistered⑦controlledsubstancepublicdisposallocationsusingthisresourcefromtheU.S.DiversionControlDivision.

TheGAOalsorecommendedmailbackmethodsasanothersolutionformanagingunwantedprescriptiondrugs.Forexample,pre-paidmedicationenvelopescanbedistributedtopatientsandthendiscreetly⑧shippedtoanincineration⑨locationforproperdisposal.ManyofthesolutionsrecommendedinthestudyareservicesStericycleEnvironmentalSolutionsalreadyprovides;ouraward-winningconsumerdrugtakebacksolutionsincludesmedicationcollectionkiosksandSeal&Sendmedicationmailbackenvelopes.

Ifyourlocalpharmacy,hospitalorlawenforcementofficedoesn’thaveayear-rounddrugtakebackoptionavailable,markthenextTakeBackDay（Oct.26,2019）onyourcalendar.

B

【新词积累】

permanent[ˈpɜːmənənt]adj.永久的

disposal[dɪˈspəʊzl]n.处理，支配

prescription[prɪˈskrɪpʃn]n.药方

provision[prəˈvɪʒn]n.规定，条款

pharmaceutical[ˌfɑːməˈsuːtɪkl]n.药物adj.药学的

enforcement[ɪnˈfɔːsmənt]n.执行，实施

registered['redʒɪstəd]adj.注册的，记名的

discreetly[dɪˈskriːtli]adv.谨慎地，小心地

incineration[ɪnˌsɪnəˈreɪʃn]n.焚化厂，焚化

【金句赏析】

1.Inresponsetoadditionalprovisionsinlegislationfrom2018,theU.S.GovernmentAccountabilityOffice（GAO）wasrequiredtostudyproperdisposalofunusedpharmaceuticals,particularlyinrelationtohowpatientsdisposeofunusedprescriptionmedications.

作为对2018年立法中附加条款的回应，美国政府问责局（GAO）必须研究未使用药物的妥善处置，特别是关于患者如何处置未使用处方药的问题。

2.TheGAOalsorecommendedmailbackmethodsasanothersolutionformanagingunwantedprescriptiondrugs.

美国政府问责局还建议将邮件寄回的方法作为管理不需要的处方药的另一种解决方案。

【全文翻译】

未使用药品处理的研究结果

截至2019年4月，70%的美国人口目前居住在距离永久性药物处置收集点不到5英里的地方——然而，大多数人不知道他们社区内推荐的处置方法，或者在过去根本没有处理过未使用的处方类药物。

作为对2018年立法中附加条款的回应，美国政府问责局（GAO）必须研究未使用药物的妥善处置，特别是关于患者如何处置未使用处方药的问题。

在这项研究中，美国政府问责局发现，美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）、美国药品监督管理局（DEA）和美国环境保护局（EPA）都建议患者将未使用的处方类药物带到美国药品监督管理局注册的收集点或回收活动中处理。

您可以很容易地找到注册的管制物质公共处置地点，利用美国转移管制司提供的这一资源去处理药物。

美国政府问责局还建议将邮件寄回的方法作为管理不需要的处方药的另一种解决方案。

例如，预付药费的信封可以分发给病人，然后谨慎地运到焚化处进行妥当处理。

研究中推荐的许多解决方案都是Stericycle环境解决方案已经提供的服务，我们备受赞誉的消费者药品回收解决方案包括药物收集亭和密封并将药物寄回的信封。

如果你当地的药房、医院或执法部门没有全年的药品回收选项，请在日历上标记下一个回收日（2019年10月26日）。

C

Asscientificmeetingsarecancelledworldwide,researchersarerethinkinghowtheynetwork—amovethatshouldhavedoneearlier.“Atsomepoint,weneedtobehavingconversationsabout‘Whatisthepointofaconferencenow?

’”saysSarahHörst,aplanetary（行星）scientist.

Meetingspacesthatareinaccessible（难以达到的）tosomedisabledscientists,healthconsiderations,alackofaccesstochildcareandtravelrestrictionscanallendupalienating（疏远）potentialattendeesfromphysicalconferences.There’sa“largeappetite”foralternative（可替代的）conferenceset-ups,saysDivyaPersaud,aplanetaryscientist.SheandEleanorArmstrong,aUCLsociologistofspacescience,haveagrantfromtheiruniversitytoholdanexperimentalvirtualconference,calledSpaceScienceinContext,inMay.Theconferenceaimstoimproveaccessibility.Participantswillwatchrecordedtalksaheadoftimeandthenjoininonlineconversationsonthedayoftheconference.Persaudsaysthattheresponsetoplansforthemeeting,whichlauncheditssave-the-datewebsitelastweek,hasbeenoverwhelminglypositive.Butshealsopointsoutthatmanyoftheadjustmentsthatconferencesaremaking—suchasintroducingvirtualparticipation—areaccommodationsforwhichdisabledscientistshavebeendemandingloudlyforyears,andit’sashamethatittookaglobalhealthcrisistomakethemhappen.

Still,asconferenceorganizersarefindingout,makingthesechanges—especiallyonshortnotice—isnoeasything.TheEuropeanGeophysicalUnion（EGU）generalconferenceisscheduledfor3–8MayinVienna,andsessionleadersaremakingotherplansincaseitiscancelled.ThoseintendingtoparticipateintheLunarandPlanetaryScienceConferencethisweekinTheWoodlands,Texas,foundthattheyaretryingtocomeupwithalternativesolutionswhenthatconferencewascancelledon4March.“Mostoftheresponseswerejust‘Well,havetheconferenceonline,’”saysHörst.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapotentialattendee?

A.Scientistswithoutvisas.

B.Scientistswhoarenotfeelingwell.

C.Scientistswithphysicaldisabilities.

D.Scientistswhodon’tunderstandchildcare.

2.Whatisthepublic’sattitudetowardsonlineconference?

A.Uncertain.B.Supportive.

C.Disappointed.D.Dissatisf