TWE议论文写作概论.docx

TWE议论文写作概论.docx

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TWE议论文写作概论

TWE议论文写作概论

议论文亦称论说文,目的在于论说一种观点.论说的过程包含对别的观点的驳斥."托福"中议论文作文题所给的条件一般包括一个问题,两种观点或几种选择,要求考生加以评论,提出自己的看法,或选择,并说明理由.

　"托福"议论文的作文题特徵决定了作文写法的基本框架,准备时应主要练习两种写法,第一种是演绎法,及把自己的观点在文章的前部直截了当地摆出,然后再把论据一条一条地叙述,支持前面的观点.论据可以合写成一段,也可以按一个论据一个自然段的方式排列.论据写完后,文章便可以结束,也可以再加一段,重提前面的观点,并作进一步的阐说.第二种是归纳法,采用与演绎法相反的手段,显逐条分析,列出论据,最后自然地得出结论,表明自己的观点.无论何种方法,论据应力求全面客观,实事求是,以增强说服力.

　　议论文对语言的要求主要体现在三个方面:

首先,要用恰当的逻辑词表示文章的逻辑性.第二,要注意自然段与主题句的运用,即用自然段表示出文章的逻辑性,并在每段中用主题句说明要点,给人一目了然的感觉.第三个重要方面是句型结构,写作时应注意每句的重心和句与句之间的衔接,使句意一环扣一环,避免松散.

议论文写作样例：

到美国留学问题

Somearguethatstudentsshouldstayintheirowncountryandstudy.OtherarguethatstudyinginheUnitedStatesismorebeneficial.Discusstheadvantagesofeachsituation,andexplainwhichyouthinkisbetter.

试题分析

一:

条件:

到美国留学问题/有人认为学生应在国内学习/有些认为赴美留学更有益

二:

要求:

讨论在国内学习和赴美学习两种情况各自的优点,并说明你认为哪种学习方法更好

三:

写作分析:

本题对每个考生都是熟题,但每个人都有自己的想法,有些想法不宜明言,例如生活标准问题,依赖奖学金或打工助学问题,移民问题等.文章应从正面谈,围绕学习本身,学习环境和学习费用等问题进行分析.根据题目要求,重点应放在两种情况的有利方面.不利的方面也要谈,但只应在比较的过程中谈,目的是得出结论,为自己的观点服务.既然每位考生都想能到外国学习深造,应该取何种观点不言而喻,文中可明确表达.

Nowadays,manystudentsofthelessdevelopedcountriesgototheUnitedStatestopursuetheirstudies.Somepeoplethinkthatthesestudentsareluckytohavethechancewhileothersholdthatitwouldbebetterforthemtostudyintheirowncountries.Thetwoviewsarebithrighttosomeextentbecauseeachsituationhasitsadvantages.

StudentsstudyingintheUnitedStatescanmakeuseofthemoderneducationalfacilitiesthere,suchaslaboratories,libraries,andteachingaids.TheyhavetheaccesstoadvancedknowledgeofscienceandtechnologyandtheycanlearnEnglishmorequicklythanintheirowncountries.Besides,theircontactswitdifferentculturesandcustomscanbroadentheirmindsandhencemakethemhaveabetterunderstandingoftheirowncountries.

Studentsstudyingintheirhomecountrieshavenolanguagebarriersinreadingbooks,attendingclasses,anddiscussingtheirlessonswiththeirteachersorfellowstudents.Consequently,theycanachievebetterresultsthanintheU.S.Besides,theydonotlosecontactwiththeculturesoftheirhomecountriesandtheyhavefewerdifficultiesintheirlife.Whatismoreimportanttomostofthestudentsisthateducationathomeislesscostlyandtheycanconcentrateontheirstudyinsteadofdoingpart-timejobstosupporttheirstudy.

Myviewisthatthetwosituationshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Tominimazethelossesandmaximizethegains,weshouldfistofallmakeasounddecisionontheoptimumtimeofdeparture.ItisbettertolearnthebasicsofoursubjectsandachieveacertaindegreeofEnglishproficiencyinourhomecountriesbecauseitsavesbothtimeandmoney.Afterthisstage,itisbetterforustogotheUnitedStatesandpursueourstudythere.ThelifeintheU.S.maybebusierandsometimeshard,butitisaworthwhilesacrificeforthemostimportantconsideration--academicachievements.

范文分析

文章认为留学较好,但这个观点没在前部表达,而是放在了最后一段.同时,文章的观点并非简单的赞同或反对,避免了绝对化.具体写法与分段如下:

第一段:

叙述情况,指出各有优点

第二段:

赴美学习的有利一面

第三段:

在本国国内学习的有利一面

第四段:

指出应在国内打基础,然后到美国深造,同时表示决心

议论文写作样例：

某大学计划设立一个新的研究中心

Auniversityplanstodevelopanewresearchcenterinyourcountry.Somepeoplewantacenterforbusinessresearch.Otherpeoplewantacenterforresearchinagriculture（farming）.Whichofthesetwokindsofresearchcentersdoyourecommendforyourcountry?

Usespecificreasonsinyourrecommendation.

试题分析

一.条件:

某大学计划设立一个新的研究中心/有人要建商业中心/另一种建议是建农业研究中心

二.要求:

推荐其中一种方案,谈出具体理由.

三.写作分析:

该题为陌生题,可能会有内容方面的困难.应该谈本国国内之事,可选任一种方案,但最好谈自己熟悉的话题.要结合实际,列出充足的理由.

参考范文:

SincetheannouncementoftheUniversity'splantodevelopanewresearchcenterinourcountry,manypeoplehaveshowedtheirconcernfortheprojectandexpressedtheirviewsoftypeofcenteritshouldbe.Itisnowclearthatthediversifiedviewshaveconvergedtotwo:

abusinessresearchcenteroranagricultureresearchcenter.Nowthatwehavetomakeadecision,Ithinkweshouldchoosesthelatterwithouthesitation.

Aseverybodyknows,ourcountryisanagriculturalcountrywhosefarmingproduceisnotenoughtofeeditsownpeople.Wehavenowayoutbuttodevelopouragriculturebecauseagricultureisthefoundationofournationaleconomyandbecauseitwouldbeadisastertothewholeworldifwerelyonforeignfoodtofeedthebiggestpopulationintheworld.

Todevelopouragriculture,wecannotjustcallonthepeasantstoworkharderbecausetheyhavebeingworkingthehardestfromgenerationtogeneration.Whatweshoulddoistoraisetheireducationallevelandprovidethemwithbetterseeds,morefertilizers,advancedmachineryandequipment,andup-to-datetechnicaladvises.Inshort,wehavetorelyonscienceandtechnologytodevelopouragriculture.

Somepeoplewouldsaythatthiscannotbeaconvincingreasonbecausescienceandtechnologyareneedednotonlyinagriculturebutalsoinallotherfields.Myviewisthatoursituationinagricultureisthemostseriousandthechallengesarethegreatest.Oursisabigcountrywithwidelydifferentclimatesandsoilconditions.Ifwearetoassistthepeasants,wehavetostudyalltypesofcropsandallthefarmingconditionsinthisland.Witharesearchcenter,theseproblemscanbestudiedandsolvedsystematically.Butsofar,noagricultureresearchcenterworthyofthenamehasbeensetupwhilethereisalreadyabusinesscenterinthesouthernpartofthecountry.

Becauseoftheabovereasons,IstronglyrecommendthatwedeveloparesearchcenterforagriculturepurposeandIalsostronglyrecommendthiscenterbewellfunded.Ifweetakethisstepandsucceedinthisendeavor,ouragriculturalproducewillbegreatlyincreasedandourwholenationaleconomywillhaveasolidfoundation.

范文写法说明:

结合我国国情,选择设立农业研究中心的方案.采用演绎法,先摆出总的观点,然后谈出理由.全文分五个自然段:

（1）说明情况,表明态度.

（2）农业落后,必须发展.

（3）发展农业应靠科技.

（4）农业最需要科技

（5）重申观点,进一步强调.

议论文写作样例：

体力型娱乐活动与脑力型活动相比较

Therearepeoplewhoarguethatphysicalrecreationismoreimportantthanintellectualactivities.Thereareotherswhobelievetheopposite.Whichdoyouthinkismorevaluabletosomeoneofyourage?

试题分析

一.条件:

体力型娱乐活动与脑力型活动相比较/有人认为前者更重要/有人认为后者更重要.

二.要求:

两种观点选其一,谈对你这种年纪的人哪种活动更有价值.

三.写作分析:

该题为熟题,凡学生都有体会和见解.为写作方便,两种活动都应理解为工作,学习之余的娱乐活动.观点可自定,但必须能自圆其说.体力与脑力之间的关系不能孤立地谈,应考虑年龄,职业,身体状况,精神状态等因素.因此,文章应采取辩证的观点,重在分析.若用演绎法,应先表明观点,然后逐条说明理由;若用归纳法,则应先分析利弊,最后得出结论.

Thoughphysicalrecreationandintellectualactivitiesaretwobasicwaysinwhichpeoplespendtheirleisuretime,theformerismoreimportantforpeopleofmygeneration,whoareintheirtwentiesandwhoarestillstudyinghardformoreacademicachievements.Thisviewisbasedonaconsiderationofourage,ourmainoccupation,andthecharacteristicsofthetwoformsofrecreation.

Weyoungpeoplearefullofenergyandphysicallyactive,butwehavetositforhoursadayrackingourbrains.Whatweneedtocomplementthiswayoflifeissomethingthatcanmakeupthelackofphysicalexerciseandatthesametimedivertourattentionforawhilefromouracademicwork.Intellectureactivitiessuchaschessgames,readingnovels,andlisteningtomusiccanhelpusescapefromourworriesandmakeusforgetourstudyforamoment,buttheyinvolvenophysicalactivitiesand,what'smore,theyaremoreorlessstillaformofmentalactivities.Forinstance,wemayfeelmentallytiredaftersomegamesofchessandourstudywillbeaffected.Incontrast,physicalrecreationcanprovideuswithalotofphysicalexercisesandtruementalrelaxation.Aballgame,forexample,canbuildupourmuscles,flexourjoints,speedupourbloodcirculation,andenhanceourbodilyorgans.Afterthegame,wemayfeelphysicallyexhausted,butwecansitdownandgetabsorbedinourstudymoreeasily.

Theaboveview,however,doesnotmeanthatoneformis"meat"andtheotheris"poison".Occasionally,whenwearephysicallyexhaustedorwhenweareingoodmood,agameofchessoraninterestingTVprogramcanmakeusfeelmuchbetterafterwards.

范文写法说明:

　采用演绎法,现表明自己的观点,后说明理由.文章用简单的三段式方式,只有三个自然段,如下:

（1）总的观点与理由

（2）具体说明

（3）指出例外情况,使分析严密

议论文写作样例：

学生/俱乐部/运动之类的校内活动

Somestudentsparticipateinschoolactivitiessuchasclubsandsports.Otherstudentsdonottakepartinsuchactivitiesbecausetheyspendmoretimeontheirstudies.Tellwhyyouthinkthetwogroupsofstudentsspendtheirtimedifferently.Whichtypeofstudentdoyouprefertobe?

Explainwhy?

试题分析:

一,条件:

学生/俱乐部/运动之类的校内活动/有些学生参加这类活动/有些学生因花在学习上的时间较多而不参加这类活动.

二,要求:

解释这两种学生在使用时间方面不相同的原因,并说明你选择成为哪种学生及理由

三,写作分析:

本题为学生话题,人人皆有话可说,难度在于分析两种学生的心理因素.人的行为受多种因素制约,当我们讨论某种类型的群体行为时,应注意同一行为背后的不同制约因素.就学生的活动而言,思想起作用,性格也起作用,人与人之间各不相同,应在分析中指出.自己的选择和理由可以以分析为基础.

Therearealwaystwokindsofstudents:

thosewhotakeanactivepartinschoolactivitiessuchasclubs,sports,andpartiesandthosewhoshunschoolactivitiesandspendmoretimeontheirstudies.

Thereasonwhytheybehavesocanbebroadlyclassifiedintotwotypes:

subconsciousandconscious.Thesubconsciousreasonisrelatedtopersonality.Somestudentsareactivebecauseoftheirsociablepersonalitywhilethosewithalonelypersonalityfeelmorecomfortablewhentheyareontheirown.Theconscioustypeiscomplexandconsistsofanumberofheterogeneousreasons,allofwhicharerelatedtoconsciouschoices.Somestudentschoosetotakeanactivepartinschoolactivitiesbecausetheywanttogetmoreexperiences,makemorefriends,trainthemselvesphysically,relaxthemselvesmentallyorsimplyenjoythemselves.Otherstudentsspendmoretimestudyingbecausetheythinktheirstudyismoreimportantthaneverythingelseorbecausetheyhavedifficultiesintheirstudyandhavetocutoutallnonacademicactivities.

Asastudentmyself,I'malwaysoftheviewthatweshouldmakefulluseofourprecioustimeandtryourbesttostudywe