最新语法大全及评析.docx
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最新语法大全及评析
一、动词时态
一般现在时
表示特征或经常性动作,普遍真理
Mybossisinabadmoodtoday.
Wisdominmindisbetterthanmoneyinthehand
一般过去时
Ihatedgoingtoschool.我以前不喜欢上学(不代表现在)。
u
在阅读中出现过去式不能代表现时的状态
一般将来时
Chinawillincreasedialogueandco-operationwiththeUnitedStatesandtheinternationalcommunitytocrackdownonallformsofterroristactivities.
u
新闻中常用一般将来时。
背诵此句。
IamleavingShanghaitomorrow.
Myparentsarecomingherenextweek.
IamtakingmyCET4nextmonth.
u
以上三句用现在进行时表示将来时。
记住此三句形式。
过去将来时
表示从过去某时看将来
Iwasgoingtocallyouwhenyoucamein.
Shesaidshewouldcome.
现在进行时
注意以下两句的的含义:
Youarealwayscomplaining.
That’sbecauseyouarealwaysleavingyourdirtysocksonthefloor!
过去进行时
Iwasworkingallweekend.
Iwasnottryingtoannoyyou.
将来进行时
说明未来某个时刻会发生的事情,中文里没有,英语中常用
1、A:
IsMikefreethisafternoon?
B:
No,heisn’t.Hewillbeattendingameeting.[表示将来的下午在开会!
]
2、A:
Ifyouhaveanyquestions,Iwillbeworkinginthenextoffice.
B:
Great.
现在完成时
Shehasworkedhereforthreeyears.
TheUShasnotputasmuchimportanceondiplomacyasitshould.
SheisthemostbeautifulgirlIhaveevermet!
[记住句型]
IhaveneverdreamedthatIcouldseeyouagain.
过去完成时
Bytheendoftheyear,wehadhelped5000homelesspeople.
Ihadneverusedchopsticks[筷子]beforeIcametoChina.
u
一般而言,过去完成时中有过去的时间或过去时态
现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时
过去某时一直延续到现在,特别强调事情尚要继续或刚刚停止
IhavebeenlearningEnglishfortenyears.[刚刚停止]
IhavebeendyingtoseeyousinceItalkedtoyouonthephonelastweek.[尚要继续]
Ihavebeenlookingforwardtomeetingyouforalongtime.
非谓语动词
不定式做主语
TobecomePresidentoftheUnitedStatesusedtobygoal.
过去我的梦想是成为美国总统。
Tobealeaderinyourowncityisalotmorerealistic.
不定式当表语
Mywishistobeateacher!
不定式当宾语
Iwanttobecomeamillionire.我想成为百万富翁。
Icannotaffordtobuyacar.
Wefinditimpossibletogeteverythingfinishedintime.
Shefeltitstupidforhimtotalklikethat.
不定式做宾语补足语
Jimwantsyoutocallhimback.
Myteacherencouragedmetotryagain.
Forceyourselftodomore.逼自己多做点。
不定式当状语
表示原因结果或目的
IwilldoeverythingIcantohelpyou.[目的]
WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoupset?
[结果]
动名词当宾语
常用于以下动词之后:
enjoy,suggest,stop,delay,fancy,consider,admit,miss,involve,finish,postpone,imagine
aviod,deny,risk,practise,giveup,putoff,goon,keepon,appreciate.
动名词与动词不定式区别
Remember,forget,reget接不定式表示未发生,接动名词表示已经发生
Irememberseeinghersomewhere,butIdonotknowhername.
Iregetnothavingacceptedyouradvice.
IregettotellyouIcannotgiveyouanyhelp.
独立主格
当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一样时,在分词前加上逻辑主语
Weatherpermitting,wewillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.
Alltheworkfinished,youcangohome.
句型
被动语句
Romewasnotbuiltinaday.[被动语过去时]
Idonnotlikebeingtoldwhattodo.[动名词被动语]
Itissaidthat…
Itisbelivedthat…
Iamsupposedtobemeetingthepresidentat10.
Youshouldgetyourhaircut.
Jimhadallhismoneystolenwhilehewasonvacation.
比较句
Youstilllookasyoungasyouusedto.你还是像以前那样年轻。
IguessIamnotasdumbasIusedtobe!
Icanworkalotmoreefficeintly.
Whatwasyourmostembarrassingmoment?
你最窘迫的时候是什么情况?
疑问句
Youprefergoingbyplane,donnotyou?
[肯定反意疑问]
Youwonnottellanyoneelse,willyou?
[否定反意疑问]
Donnotbelateagain,willyou?
[祈使句疑问]
间接引语
引用时注意时态转换
ThePresidentsaidthathewouldlaunchanattactonterrorism.
HeaskedmeifIwouldgotodinnerwithhim.
Thedoctortoldmetosta
fc1
yinbedforanewdays.
主谓一致
临近原则
Neitherhenortheyaremistaken.
从句
That引导主语从句
Itisgreatthatyougotascholarship.
Whether引导主语从句
Whetherhewillcomeornotisunknow.
疑问词引导主语从句
WhatItoldyouisbetweenyouandme.
That引导表语从句
TheproblemisthatnoonetherespeaksChinese.
Whether引导表语从句
Thequstioniswhetherwecanaffordahouse.
疑问词引导表语从句
Thequestioniswhocantakehisplace.
That引导宾语从句(that可省略)
Ithinkthatkimisagoodteacher.[注意与引导表语句的区别]
Wether/if引导宾语从句
DoyouknowifJimwenttherelastnight?
疑问句引导宾语从句
IwonderthatKimhasplannedfortonight.
Shecantellyouwhatistonight’shomeworkassignment.
That引导同位语从句
Therumorthattherewillbeacompanymergerspreadquickly.
公司将要合并的谣言很快就传开了。
Wether引导同位语从句
Wehavenotdecidedthequestionwhetherheiscapableornot.
下面是状语从句部分,务必弄清其概念,状有状态的含义
时间状语从句
一般由when,while,as,since,after,befor,untill.引导
Donotcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.在小鸡孵出来之前不要数鸡。
IwillcomewhenIhavetime.
Shealwayssingsasheworks.
IwilldoitafterIfinishhiswork.
IhavelivedheresinceIcametothiscity.
地点状语从句
一般由where、wherever引导
Wherethereisawill,thereisashadow.有志者事竟成。
Shefollowshimwhereverhegoes.
条件状语从句
一般由if,unless引导
Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.
Youwillnotpasstheexaminationunlessyoustudyhard.
让步状语从句
一般由though,although,evenif,whether引导
Thoughhewasverytired,hedidnotgiveup.
Iwillkeepmybusinessgoingevenifhavetosellmyhouse.
Iamgoingwhetheryoulikeitornot.
原因状语从句
一般由because,since,as,for,now,that引导
Ididnotgobecauseitrained.
Asyouareevidentlyverybusy,Iwillnotwasteyourtime.既然你显然很忙,我还是不浪费你的时间了。
Nowthatyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmaygo,
目的状语从句
一般由that,sothat,so..that,inorderthat引导
Iamgivingmyboyagoodeducationsothathecanmoreeasilycopewithlife’sdifficulties.我准备让我儿子接受良好教育,这样他能更容易去处理人生的困难。
结果状语从句
一般由that,sothat,such..that,so等引导
IamsosleepythatIcannotkeepmyeyesopen.
ItissuchbeautifulweatherthatIdonotliketostayintheoffice.
方式状语从句
有as引导
WheninRome,doastheRomedo.入乡随俗。
Ididasyoutoldme.
定语从句是用来修饰的,注意与状语从句的区别
关系代词做主语的定语从句
一般由who,that,which引导,关系代词做主语
Everyonethatknowshimlikeshim。
认识他的人个个都喜欢他。
Thebookisaboutagirlwhofallsinlovewithathief.
关系代词做宾语的定语从句
一般由whom,that,which引导,关系代词做宾语
ThefaxthatIreceviedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.
Whereisthebook(which)Iboughtthismoring?
[关系代词课省略]
Whose引导的定语从句
Themovieisaboutaspywhosewifebetrayshim.这个电影讲的是一个间谍的妻子背叛他的故事。
Iwouldlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.
Whowhich.引导的非限制性定语从句
从句不直接限定主句,只对先行词或主句做附加说明
IprefertoaskJohn,whoisaverycleverguy,whatIshoulddo.
Hesaidhehadnomoney,whichwasnottrue.
As引导定语从句
Asweallknow,thereisnoshortcuttolearningEnglish.
ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.
When,where,why
引导的定语从句
ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.
IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetyou.
ThereasonwhyIamcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.
介词+which,whom,引导的定语从句
Therearetwoclassesfromwhichtochoose.
Thisistheauthorofwhomwehaveoftentalked.
倒装与虚拟语气
强调句倒装
ItisIwhotoldyourbossthetruth.
全句倒装
Never,seldom,little,nor,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,notonly等否定词在句首时倒装
NorcanI.
As引导的让步状语从句倒装
Studentashe
763
is,hehasstartedteachinghisownEnglishclass.他虽然是个学生,已经开始教自己的英语班了。
虚拟条件句省略If时倒装
WereIinyourshoes,Iwouldacceptedthejob.如果我是你,我就会接受这份工作。
虚拟语气是语法难点,须加强学习
与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
从句中使用一般过去式,主句中用would/should+原型
IfIlovedyou,youwouldnotsaythat.
IfIcouldhelpyou,Iwouldhelpyou.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldbuyanewcar.
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
从句中使用过去完成时,主句中用would/should+have+过去分词
Youwouldnothavemetherifithadnotbeenforme.如果不是我的话,你根本就不会认识她。
IcouldhavedonebetterifIhadbeenmorecareful.我要是细心电话,是可以做的更好。
IcouldhaveshownyouaroundthecityifIhadknowyouwereinbeijing.
Ifhehadknowitwasgoingtorain,hewouldhavetakenhisumberllatowork.
与将来事实相反或实现可能性不大的虚拟语气
从句使用一般过去式
IfIwereyoutomisstheparty,youwouldbesorryforit.如果你错过这次聚会,你一定会后悔
虚拟语气错综时间
条件从句与主句表示时间不一致
IfJimhadtakenmyadvice,hewouldfeelmuchbetternow.
Ifheknewthis,itwouldhavehadtobebyaccident.如果他知道,那一定是无意中知道的。
IWish虚拟语气
一般用过去式或过去完成时
IwishIhadacar.
IwishIhadpassedtheexam.
Asif/though中的虚拟语气
一般用过去时或过去完成时
Itwasasifahugepieceofchocolatehadbeenmeltddown.就像一块巨大的巧克力被融化一样。
Thechildactsasifshewereagrowup.
省略should的虚拟语句
Itisnowonderthatshe(should)beangrywithyou.
IdemendedthatI(should)beallowedtocallmylawyer.
Doyouagreetohissuggestionthatwegotobeijinginsteadofshanghai?
Itistime中的虚拟语气
Itistimeweleft.
ItistimeyougotseriousaboutlearningEnglish.
itishightimethegovernnmentdidsomethingabouttheemploymentproblem.
[基础语法]倒装练习
倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装
全部倒装:
①当首句为方位或时间副词,谓语动词为go,come等时通常用全部倒装。
②如果句首出现了地点状语,句子也可以进行全部倒装。
③当句子当中出现分词结构的时候,可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首,把be动词留在中间当作谓语动词,主语放在后面。
部分倒装:
1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时,这个句子就需要部分倒装。
2、当句首为only加状语的时候,这个句子需要部分倒装。
3、so......that结构中的so位于句首时,常引起部分倒装。
4、句子开头的as处在第二个单词的位置上,表示虽然的意思。
5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。
hardly.....when....;scarcely.....when.....;nosooner....than.....:
hardly,scarcely,nosooner后面一定要用过去完成时,when后面用一般过去时;themore......themore...越....越....;
实例练习
(1):
(1):
1.直到他完成使命(Notuntilhehadfufilled/finishedhismission)didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.
2.Thewitnesswastoldthatundernocircumstance(shouldhelietothecourt)他都不应该对法庭撒谎。
3.Onlyinthesmalltown(doeshefeelsecureandrelaxed)他才感觉安全和放松。
hefeelssecureandrelaxed.
4.Notonly(didhechargemetoomuch)他向我收费过高,buthedidn'tdoagoodrepairjobeither.
5.OnlyafterIfoundoutthetruth(didIrealize(that)hewasinnocent)我才意识到他是无辜的。
6.Notuntilthegamehadbegun(didhearriveatthesportsground)他才到达运动场。
(2):
1.Amongthereportaremoreoutrageous(令人无法容忍的)findings-aGemanfertilizerdescribeditselfas"earthworm-friendly",abrandoffloursaiditwas"non-polluting",andaBritishtoiletpaperclaimedtobe"environmentallyfriendlier".(05.06阅读)该报道当中,有很多让人无法忍受的发现,如:
一种德国肥料被描绘成“对蚯蚓无害”;一种新的品牌的面粉写道“没有任何污染”;还有一家英国公司的卫生纸被宣称为“环保者”。