考研英语必背单词.docx
《考研英语必背单词.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《考研英语必背单词.docx(80页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
考研英语必背单词
考研英语必背单词
考研基础班必背62个前缀和52个后缀
一、常用前缀
1、aero:
concerningtheairoraircraft
plane(飞机)—aeroplane(飞机)
space(空间,间隔)—aerospace(航空宇宙)
aerogramaerometeraeromedicine
2、anti:
against;oppositeof
nuclear([核]核子的)—antinuclear(反对使用核武器的)
matter(物质)—antimatter(反物质)
war(战争、作战、打仗)—antiwar(反战的,反对战争的)
antiageingantifatantigasantinoise
3、auto:
oforbyoneself
biography(传记)—autobiography(自传)
criticism(批评,批判)—autocriticism(自我反省,自我检讨)
autoalarmautosuggestion
4、be:
totreatasthestatedthing
friend(朋友,助手)—befriend(待人如友,帮助)
little(很少的,矮小的,很少)—belittle(轻视,使渺小,使...显得渺小)
becalmbepowderbesidebemoan
5、bi:
two;twice;double
lingual(语言的)—bilingual(能说两种语言的)
cycle(自行车)—bicycle(脚踏车,自行车)
biweeklybipolarbilateralbisexual
6、bio:
concerninglivingthings
chemistry(化学)—biochemistry(生物化学)
sphere(圈子)—biosphere(生物圈)
7、by—:
lessimportant
product(产品,产物,)—by-product(副产品,附加产物)
way(路,道路)—byway(小道)
by-effectby-businessbytime
8、centi:
hundredthpart
grade(等级)—centigrade(分为XX的,百分度的,摄氏温度的)
meter(米)—centimeter(厘米)
9、co:
together,with
author(作家,创造者)—coauthor(合著者,共同执笔者,合著)
exist(存在,生存)—coexist(共存)
coagentco-workercooperation
10、col:
(usedbeforeL)together,with
location(位置,场所)—collocation(排列,配置)
collaborate合作
collingual
11、com:
(usedbeforeb,m,p)together,with
passion(激情,热情)—compassion(同情,怜悯)
battle战役combat战斗
combinecompresscompatriot
12、con:
together,with
centric(中心的,中央的)—concentric(同中心的)
federation(同盟,联邦,联合,联盟)—confederation(联邦)
concludeconfirmconjoincontribute
13、contra:
opposite
diction(措辞,用语,言语)—contradiction(反驳,矛盾)
natural(自然的,自然界的)—contranatural(违背自然的)
contra-missilecontraclockwise
14、cor:
(usedbeforer)together,with
relate(叙述,讲,使联系,发生关系)—correlate(使相互关联,和...相关)
respond(回答,响应,作出反应,有反应)—correspond(符合,协调,通信,相当,相应)
correctcorruptcorrival
15、counter:
opposite
act(担当,表现,见效)—counteract(抵消,中和,阻碍)
attack(攻击)—counterattack(反引力)
counter—terroristcountereffect
16、cross:
across;goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthem
country(乡下的,乡村的)—crosscountry(越野地,横过田野的)
breed((使)繁殖,教养,抚养,品种,种类)—crossbreed([生物]杂种,异种交配,培育杂种,(使)杂交)
17、de:
showinganopposite;toremove;toreduce
code(代码,密码)—decode(解码,译解)
value(评价,重视)—devalue((=devaluate)减值,贬值)
declineincreasedecrease
18、dis:
not;theoppositeof
advantage(优势,有利条件)—disadvantage(不利,不利条件,缺点,劣势)
agree(同意)—disagree(不一致,不适宜)
honest(诚实的,正直的)—dishonest(不诚实的)
disorderdiscouragedispartdistract
19、em:
(usedbeforeb,m,p)tocausetobecome
body(赋以形体)—embody(具体表达,使具体化)
power(权力,激励)—empower(授权与,使能够)
embedembarembowembitter
20、en:
tocausetobecome;tomake
danger(威胁)—endanger(危及)
large(大的,巨大的)—enlarge(扩大,放大)
enrichencloseenableenact
21、ex:
former(andstillliving)
minister(部长,大臣)—ex-minister(前部长)
wife(妻子)—ex-wife(前妻)
exportexposeexpelexaggerate
22、extra:
outside;beyond
curricular(课程的)—extracurricular(课外的,业余的)
ordinary(平常的,普通的,平凡的)—extraordinary(非常的,特别的,非凡的)
extraboldextragovernmental
23、fore:
inadvance,before;inoratthefront
arm(臂,武器,装备)—forearm(前臂,准备战斗,预先武装,准备)
warn(警告)—forewarn(预先警告)
foreheadforeword
24、il:
(usedbeforel)not
legal(法律的,合法)—illegal(违法的,不合规定的)
literate(学者,有文化的,有阅读和写作能力的)—illiterate(违法的,不合规定的)
illogicalillustrateilluminate
25、im:
(usedbeforeb,m,p)not
moral(道德(上)的,精神的,道德)—immoral(不道德的,邪恶的,放荡的,淫荡的)
possible(可能的)—impossible(不可能的)
impoliteimportimmergeimpulse
26、in:
not
direct(径直的,直接的)—indirect(间接的,迂回的)
sensitive(敏感的,灵敏的)—insensitive(对...没有感觉的,感觉迟钝的)
informalintakeinspiritinvigorate
27、infra:
belowinarange;beyond
red(红(色)的)—infrared(红外线的,红外线)
structure(结构,构造)—infrastructure(下部构造,基础下部组织)
infrahumaninfrasonic
28、inter:
between;among
change(改变,变化)—interchange((指两人等)交换,相互交换)
national(国家的,民族的)—international(国际的,世界的,国际性组织,国际比赛)
interactinpersonalinterview
29、intra:
inside,within;into
city(城市,都市)—intracity(市内的)
department(部,局,处,科,部门,系,学部)—intra-department(内部)
intradayintrapersonalintra-trading
30、ir:
(usedbeforer)not
regular(规则的,有秩序的)—irregular(不规则的,无规律的)
responsible(有责任的,可靠的)—irresponsible(不负责任的,不可靠的)
irresistibleirrelativeirruption
31、kilo:
thousand
gram(克,)—kilogram([物]千克,公斤)
meter(米)—kilometer(公里)
kilowattkilocaloriekilovolt
32、macro:
large,awholesystemratherthanparticularpartsof
economics(经济学)—macroeconomics(宏观经济学)
structure(结构)—macrostructure(宏观结构)
macrochangemaroscale
33、mal:
badorbadly
function(官能,功能,作用)—malfunction(故障)
treat(宴请,款待)—maltreat(虐待,滥用)
malnutritionmalformation
abusecurse
34、micro:
extremelysmall
computer(计算机,电脑)—microcomputer(微机)
electronics(电子学)—microelectronics([电子]微电子学)
microscopemircowave
35、mid:
middle
day(天,白天)—midday(正午)
night(夜,夜晚)—midnight(午夜)
36、mini:
small;short
bus(公共汽车)—minibus(小型公共汽车)
skirt(裙子)—miniskirt(迷你短裙,超短裙)
miniparkministate
37、mis:
badorbadly;wrongorwrongly
fortune(运气,好运)—misfortune(不幸,灾祸)
understand(懂,了解)—misunderstand(误解,误会)
misreadmisusemistreat
38、mono:
one;single
plane(飞机)—monoplane(单翼机)
tone(音调,语调)—monotone(单调的,单调)
monolingualmonocycle
39、multi:
morethanone;many
purpose(目的,意图)—multipurpose(多种用途的,多目标的)
national(国家的,国立[有]的,民族的)—multinational(多民族的,)
multimediamedia媒体
multipartymultilateral
40、non:
not
resident居住—nonresident(不居住的)
sense理性,认识—nonsense(胡说,废话)
nonstopnoneffectivenonsomker
41、out:
outside;beyond
live(活的,生动的)—outlive(比...长命,比...耐久)
door(门,通道,家,户)—outdoor(室外的,户外的,野外的)
outcomeoutletoutfit
42、over:
toomuch;above;additional
head(头,头的,主要的)—overhead(在头上的,在头顶上,在空中,在高处)
time(时间,时侯,时机,)—overtime(超时,加班,延长时间,超时的,加班的,加班地,使超时)
overuseoverflyoverseaoverlook
43、poly:
many
centric(中心的,中央的)—polycentric(多中心的)
syllabic([语]音节主音,音节的)—polysyllabic(多音节的)
polyfunctionalpolytechnical
44、post:
laterthan;after
graduate((大学)毕业生,研究生,(使)(大学)毕业)—postgraduate(研究所学生,研究生,毕业后的)
war(战争,作战,打仗)—postwar(战后的)
postponepostdatepost-liberation
45、pre:
before;inadvance
pay(薪水,工资,支付)—prepay(预付)
war(战争,作战,打仗)—prewar(战前的,在战前)
prefixprecoolprecookprepay
46、pro:
before;infavorof,supporting
America(<美>美国,美洲(包括北美和南美洲))pro-America?
Abortion(流产,堕胎,失败,夭折,中止,早产)pro-abortion?
47、pseudo:
notreal;false
name(姓名)—pseudonym(假名,笔名)
science(科学,自然科学)—pseudoscience(假科学,伪科学)
psudo-democraticpsudograph
48、re:
again;backtotheformerstate
unite(联合,团结)—reunite((使)再结合)
use(使用)—reuse(再使用,重新使用)
returnrebackreviewreborn
revivalsurvival
49、self:
bymeansofoneselforitself;of,to,with,for,orinoneselforitself
employed(雇用,用,使用)—self-employed
taught(teach的过去式和过去分词)—self-taught
selfesteemselfconfidence
50、semi:
half;partly
circle(圆周,圆形物)—semicircle(半圆形)
final(决赛)—semifinal(半决赛)
semiconductor?
conductor
51、step:
notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarried
mother(母亲,妈妈)—stepmother(继母)
children(孩子,孩子们)—stepchildren(继子)
52、sub:
under;lessimortant;partofthestatedbiggerwhole
divide(分,划分,分开,隔开)—subdivide(再分,细分)
section(部分)—subsection(分部,分段)
subwaysubmarinesubadult
53、super:
more,larger,greaterthanusual
market(市场)—supermarket(超级市场)
natural(自然的,自然界的,普通的,正常的)—supernatural(超自然的,神奇的,超自然物,不可思议的事)
supersizedsupervisesuperheat
54、tele:
atoroveralongdistance;byorfortelevision
communication—telecommunication电信
screen(屏,银幕)—telescreen(电视屏幕,荧光屏)
telegramtelescopetelevision
55、therm(o):
concerningheat
chemistry(化学)—thermochemistry(热化学)
meter(计,表)—thermometer(温度计,体温计)
56、trans:
across,onortotheothersideof;between
Atlantic(大西洋)—transatlantic(大西洋彼岸的)
plant(种植,栽培,培养)—transplant(移植,移种)
transmittransporttransformer
57、tri:
three;threetimes
angular(有角的)—triangular(三角形的)
cycle(自行车)—tricycle(三轮车,机器三轮车)
tripletstripledouble
58、ultra:
beyond;very,extremely
modern(近代的,现代的)—ultramodern(超现代化的)
sound(声音,语音)—ultrasound(超频率音响)
ultracoldultrafastultrafine
59、un:
not
certain(确定的,必然的,可靠的)—uncertain(无常的,不确定的,不可预测的,靠不住的)
fortunate(幸运的,幸福的)—unfortunate(不幸的,使人遗憾的)
unconditionalunjustuncivilized
60、under:
toolittle;below
develop(发展,显影)—underdevelop((使)发展不完全,(使)显影不足)
sea(海洋,大浪)—undersea(海面下的)
underlineunderworldunderestimate
61、uni:
one;single
form(形态,构成)—uniform(统一的,相同的)unique
directional(方向的)—unidirectional(单向的,单向性的)
62、vice:
nextintherank;below
chairman(主席,会长)—vice-chairman(副主席,副议长)
president(总统,会长,行长)—vice-president(副总督,副省长)
vice-managervice-principal
二、常用后缀
(1)名词后缀
1、ability(能力,才干),ibility
able(能...的,有才能的,能干的,能够的)—ability(能力,才干)
flexible(有弹性的,柔韧的)—flexibility(弹性,适应性,机动性,挠性)
inflammabilityadaptability
2、al
arrive(到达,抵达)—arrival(到来,到达,到达者)
refuse(拒绝,谢绝)—refusal(拒绝,推却)
personalglobalapprovalrevival
3、an,ian,arian
library(图书馆,藏书室)—librarian(图书馆员,图书管理员)
music(音乐,乐曲)—musician(音乐家)
urbanpublicanrepublican
4、ance,ence
appear(出现,公开露面)—appearance(出现,露面,外貌,外观)
refer(提交,谈及,提到,涉及,查阅,咨询)—reference(提及,涉及,参考,参考书目,证明书(人),介绍信(人))
guidanceresistancereliance
5、ancy,ency
emerge(显现,浮现,(事实)显现出来)—emergency(紧急情况,突然事件,非常时刻,紧急事件)
expect(期待,预期)—expectancy(期待,期望)
occupancyelegancyconstancy
6、ant,ent
apply(申请)—applicant(申请者,请求者)
correspond(通信)—correspondent(通讯记者,通信者)
ignorantassistantaccsantexcitant
7、cy
accurate(正确的,精确的)—accuracy(精确性,正确度)
private(私人的,私有的,私营的,秘密的)—privacy(独处而不受干扰,秘密)
vacancybankruptcy
8、dom
king(国王,君主,(部落的)首领,纸牌中的K,立...为王,做国王,统治)—kingdom(王国,[宗]天国,上帝的统治,领域)
free(自由的,免费的,免税的,免费)—freedom(自由,自主,直率,特权)
wisdomsportsdomfilmdom
9、ee
employ(雇用,用)—employee(职工,雇员,店员)
interview(接见,会见)—interviewee(被接见者,被访问者)
traineedeporteeawardee
10、er,or,ar
paint(油漆,颜料)—painter(画家,油漆匠)
beg(请求,乞求)—beggar(乞丐)
bankerheaterwhisperharder
11、ery
brave(勇敢的)—bravery(勇敢)
slave(奴隶)—slavery(奴隶身分,奴隶制度)
bakeryrobberybriberyfishery
12、ese
China(中国)—Chinese(中国的,)
Japan(日本)—Japanese(日本的)
13、ess
actor(男演员)—actress(女演员)