管理会计英文版课后习题答案高等教育出版社chapter 15.docx

管理会计英文版课后习题答案高等教育出版社chapter 15.docx

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管理会计英文版课后习题答案高等教育出版社chapter15

管理会计（高等教育出版社）

于增彪（清华大学）改编

余绪缨（厦门大学）审校

CHAPTER15

segmentedreporting

andperformanceevaluation

Questionsforwritinganddiscussion

1.Theonlydifferenceisthewayinwhichfixedoverheadcostsareassigned.Undervariablecosting,fixedoverheadisaperiodcost;underabsorptioncosting,itisaproductcost.

2.Absorptioncosting:

$15;Variablecosting:

$10.

3.Undervariable（direct）costing,allvariablemanufacturingcostsareassignedtoproducts,notjustdirectmanufacturingcosts.

4.Absorption-costingincomeisgreaterbecausesomeoftheperiod’sfixedoverheadisplacedininventoryandnotrecognizedontheabsorption-costingincomestatement.

5.Here,underabsorptioncosting,fixedoverheadfrompriorperiodsisrecognizedinadditiontotheperiod’sfixedoverhead.

6.Absorption-costingnetincomeis$16,000[$8（10,000–8,000）]higherthanvariable-costingnetincome.

7.Absorptioncosting.Variablecostingwouldrecognizeonlytheperiod’sfixedoverheadasanexpense.Theadditionalfixedoverheadexpensemusthavecomefrominventory.

8.Variablecostingdoesnotallowtherelationshipbetweensalesandincometobecomedistorted.

9.Variablecostingdoesnotdistortproductperformancebyallocatingcommonfixedcosts.Itallowsmanagerstoidentifythecontributionsindividualsegmentsaremakingtowardcoverageoffixedcosts.

10.Variablecostingallowsmanagerstoidentifywhatthecostsoughttobeforvariouslevelsofactivity.Byknowingwhatthecostsoughttobefortheactuallevelofactivity,meaningfulcomparisonscanbemadetothecoststhatactuallyoccurred.

11.Adirectfixedcostistraceabletoaparticularcostobject.Acommonfixedcostiscommon

toseveralcostobjects.Thedistinctionisimportantbecausedirectfixedcostswillvanishifthecostobjectiseliminatedbutcommonfixedcostswillnot.

12.Contributionmarginistheamountavailabletocoverfixedexpensesandprovideforprofit.Segmentmarginistheamountavailabletocovercommonfixedexpensesandprovideforprofit.Contributionmarginisthedifferencebetweenrevenuesandvariableexpenses.Segmentmarginiscontributionmarginlessdirectfixedexpenses.

13.Absorption-costingincomecanincreasefromoneperiodtothenextifmoreisproducedthanwhatissold.Eventhoughthefixedcostsmaynothavechanged,thefixedcostsrecognizedontheincomestatementcanchange（becauseofinventorychanges）.

14.Asegmentisanysubunitofsufficientimportancetowarrantproductionofperformancereports.

15.Activity-basedcostingcanbeappliedtothesegmentedincomestatementbyidentifyingthedifferentactivitiesassociatedwitheachsegment.

16.Differentcustomergroupscausedifferentactivitiesandcosts.Understandingwhatactivitiesareuniquetothevariouscustomergroupscanhelpthefirmdeterminecustomerprofitabilityandalsohelpitsetdifferentpricesforthecustomergroups.

17.Adirectfixedexpenseisonethatistraceabletoacostobject.Identificationofdirectfixedexpensesisusefulforsegmentperformanceevaluationbecauseitallowsmanagerstoknowwhatfixedexpensesareavoidableifthesegmentisdiscontinued.Italsoallowsmanagerstoknowwhatexpensesmustbecoveredbysegmentsforlong-termviability.

Exercises

15–1

1.TotalCostPerUnit

Directmaterials$97,500$6.50

Directlabor76,5005.10

Variableoverhead17,4001.16

Fixedoverhead51,0003.40

Total$242,400$16.16

Costofendinginventory=$16.76300=$4,848

2.TotalCostPerUnit

Directmaterials$97,500$6.50

Directlabor76,5005.10

Variableoverhead17,4001.16

Total$191,400$12.76

Costofendinginventory=$12.76300=$3,828

3.Sinceabsorptioncostingisrequiredforexternalreporting,theamountreportedwouldbe$4,848.

15–2

1.Fixedoverheadrate=$103,750/25,000=$4.15perunit

Thedifferenceiscomputedasfollows:

Fixedoverheadrate（Production–Sales）

$4.15（25,000–22,000）=$12,450

2.a.Temmel,Inc.

Variable-CostingIncomeStatement

FortheYearEndedDecember31,2006

Sales（22,000$32）$704,000

Lessvariableexpenses:

Costofgoodssold（22,000$16.50）$363,000

Selling（22,000$4）88,000451,000

Contributionmargin$253,000

Lessfixedexpenses:

Overhead$103,750

Sellingandadministrative24,300128,050

Netincome$124,950

b.Temmel,Inc.

Absorption-CostingIncomeStatement

FortheYearEndedDecember31,2006

Sales$704,000

Less:

Costofgoodssold（22,000$20.65）454,300

Grossmargin$249,700

Less:

Sellingandadministrativeexpenses112,300

Netincome$137,400

15–3

1.TimberlakeCompany

Absorption-CostingIncomeStatements

Year1Year2

Sales$624,000$720,000

Less:

Costofgoodssold*260,000316,000

Grossmargin$364,000$404,000

Less:

Sellingandadministrativeexpenses163,800163,800

Netincome$200,200$240,200

*Beginninginventory$0$40,000

Costofgoodsmanufactured300,000276,000

Goodsavailableforsale$300,000$316,000

Less:

Endinginventory40,0000

Costofgoodssold$260,000$316,000

FirmperformancehasimprovedfromYear1toYear2.

2.TimberlakeCompany

Variable-CostingIncomeStatements

Year1Year2

Sales$624,000$720,000

Less:

Variablecostofgoodssold*156,000180,000

Contributionmargin$468,000$540,000

Lessfixedexpenses:

Overhead（120,000）（120,000）

Sellingandadministrative（163,800）（163,800）

Netincome$184,200$256,200

*Beginninginventory$0$24,000

Variablecostofgoodsmanufactured180,000156,000

Goodsavailableforsale$180,000$180,000

Less:

Endinginventory24,0000

Costofgoodssold$156,000$180,000

FirmperformancehasimprovedfromYear1toYear2.

15–4

1.Year1fixedoverheadrate=$120,000/30,000=$4.00

2.Absorption-costinginventory=（$6+$4）4,000=$40,000

Variable-costinginventory=$64,000=$24,000

15–5

1.ZiembleCompany

Absorption-CostingIncomeStatement

Sales$1,512,000

Costofgoodssold*1,048,000

Grossmargin$464,000

Sellingandadministrativeexpenses444,000

Netincome$20,000

*Fixedoverheadrate=$300,000/75,000=$4perunit

Appliedfixedoverhead=$474,000=$296,000

Underappliedfixedoverhead=$300,000–$296,000=$4,000

Costofgoodssold=（$472,000）+$4,000+$756,000

=$1,048,000

2.Thedifferenceis$8,000（$20,000–$12,000）andisduetothefixedoverheadthatwouldbeattachedtotheendinginventory（$42,000units）.

IA–IV=Fixedoverheadrate（Production–Sales）

$20,000–$12,000=$4（74,000–72,000）

$8,000=$8,000

15–6

1.CocinoCompany

Product-LineIncomeStatements

BlendersCoffeeMakersTotal

Sales$2,200,000$1,125,000$3,325,000

Less:

Variablecostofgoodssold2,000,0001,075,0003,075,000

Contributionmargin$200,000$50,000$250,000

Less:

Directfixedexpenses90,00045,000135,000

Productmargin$110,000$5,000$115,000

Less:

Commonfixedexpenses115,000

Netincome$0

2.Ifthecoffee-makerlineisdropped,profitswilldecreaseby$5,000,theproductmargin.Iftheblenderlineisdropped,profitswilldecreaseby$110,000.

3.BlendersCoffeeMakersTotal

Sales$2,405,000$1,125,000$3,530,000

Less:

Variablecostofgoodssold2,200,0001,075,0003,275,000

Contributionmargin$205,000$50,000$255,000

Less:

Directfixedexpenses90,00045,000135,000

Productmargin$115,000$5,000$120,000

Less:

Commonfixedexpenses115,000

Netincome$5,000

Profitsincreaseby$5,000.

15–7

1.ScentedMusicalRegularTotal

Sales$13,000$19,500$25,000$57,500

Less:

Variableexpenses9,10015,60012,50037,200

Contributionmargin$3,900$3,900$12,500$20,300

Less:

Directfixedexpenses4,2505,7503,00013,000

Productmargin$（350）$（1,850）$9,500$7,300

Less:

Commonfixedexpenses7,500

Net（loss）$（200）

Kathyshouldacceptthisproposal.The30percentsalesincrease,coupledwiththeincreasedadvertising,reducesthelossfrom$1,000to$200.Bothscentedandmusicalproduct-lineprofitsincrease.However,moremustbedone.Ifthescentedandmusicalproductmarginsremainnegative,thetwoproductsmayneedtobedropped.

2.Regular

Sales$20,000

Less:

Variableexpenses10,000

Contributionmargin$10,000

Less:

Fixedexpenses10,500

Net（loss）$（500）

Droppingthetwolineswouldmakethecompanyworseoff.Otheroptionsneedtobedeveloped.

3.Combinationswouldbebeneficial.Droppingthemusicalline（whichshowsthegreatestsegmentloss）andkeepingthescentedlinewhileincreasingadvertisingyieldsaprofit（theoptimalcombination）.

ScentedRegularTotal

Sales$13,000$22,500$35,500

Less:

Variableexpenses9,10011,25020,350

Contributionmargin$3,900$11,250$15,150

Less:

Directfixedexpenses4,2503,0007,250

Productmargin$（350）$8,250$7,900

Less:

Commonfixedexpenses7,500

Netincome$400

15–8

1.Directmaterials$3.60

Directlabor2.00

Variableoverhead0.40

Fixedoverhead（$180,000/200,000）0.90

Total$6.90

Per-unitinventorycostonthebalancesheetis$6.90.

Sales（207,000$10）$2,070,000

Less:

Costofgoodssold1,428,300

Grossmargin$641,700

Less:

Sellingandadministrativeexpenses132,100

Netincome$509,600

2.Directmaterials$3.60

Directlabor2.00

Variableoverhead0.40

Total$6.00

Per-unitinventorycostundervariablecostingequals$6.00.

Thisdiffersfromtheper-unitinventorycostinRequirement1becausethebalancesheetisforexternaluseandreflectsab