职称英语补全短文技巧和方法.docx
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职称英语补全短文技巧和方法
注意职称英语在记笔记时,一定要准备2种颜色的笔,红笔用来划重点。
(建议记笔记时,分项记录。
)
解题技巧与方法
一、看标题定文体
补全短文解题技巧解题思路:
通过选项特点判断答案。
第一个解题方法:
看标题定文体。
文体:
记叙文、议论文和说明文。
第一篇文章
LudwigVanBeethoven
LudwigvanBeethoven,amajorcomposerofthenineteenthcentury,overcamemanypersonalproblemstoachieveartisticgreatness.
BorninBonn,Germany,in1770,hefirststudiedmusicwiththecourtorganist,GillesvanderEeden.Hisfatherwasexcessivelystrictandgiventoheavydrinking.___
(1)___.AppointeddeputycourtorganisttoChristianGottlobNeefeatasurprisinglyearlyagein1782,Beethovenalsoplayedtheharpsichordandtheviola.In1792hewassenttoViennabyhispatron,CountFerdinandWaldstein,tostudymusicunderHaydn.
Beethovenremainedunmarried.__
(2)___.Continuallyplaguedbyillhealth,hedevelopedanearinfectionwhichledtohistragicdeafnessin1819.
__(3)__.Hecompletedmaturemasterpiecesofgreatmusicaldepth:
threepianosonatas,fourstringquartets,theMissaSolemnis,andthe9thSymphony.Hediedin1827.___(4)___.
NotingthatBeethovenoftenflewintofitsofrage,Goetheoncesaidofhim,“Iamastonishedbyhistalent,butheisunfortunatelyanaltogetheruntamedpersonality.”___(5)___.
A.Inspiteofthishandicap,however,hecontinuedtowritemusic.
B.Becauseofirregularpaymentsfromhispublishersanderraticsupportfromhispatrons,hewastroubledbyfinancialworriesthroughouthisadultlife.
C.Hislifewasmarkedbyapassionatededicationtoindependence.
D.Whenhismotherdied,Beethoven,thenayoungman,wasnamedguardianofhistwoyoungerbrothers.
E.AlthoughBeethoven’spersonalitymayhavebeenuntamed,hismusicshowsgreatdisciplineandcontrol,andthisishowwerememberhimbest.
F.Todayhismusicisstillbeingplayedallovertheworld.
第一篇文章----该篇为记叙文
FinancialRisks(金融风险)
Severaltypesoffinancialriskareencounteredininternationalmarketing;themajorproblemsincludecommercial,political,andforeignexchangerisk.
___
(1)___.Theyincludesolvency,default,orrefusaltopaybills.Themajorrisk,however,iscompetitionwhichcanonlybedealtwiththroughconsistentlyeffectivemanagementandmarketing.___
(2)___.Suchriskisencounteredwhenacontroversyarisesaboutthequalityofgoodsdelivered,adisputeovercontractterms,oranyotherdisagreementoverwhichpaymentiswithheld.Onecompany,forexample,shippedseveralhundredtonsofdehydratedpotatoestoadistributorinGermany.___(3)___.Thealternativesfortheexporterwerereducingtheprice,resellingthepotatoes,orshippingthemhomeagain,eachinvolvingconsiderablecost.
Politicalriskrelatestotheproblemsofwarorrevolution,currencyinconvertibility,expropriationorexpulsion,andrestrictionorcancellationofimportlicenses.___(4)___.Managementinformationsystemsandeffectivedecision-makingprocessesarethebestdefensesagainstpoliticalrisk.Asmanycompanieshavediscovered,sometimesthereisnowaytoavoidpoliticalrisk,somarketersmustbepreparedtoassumethemorgiveupdoingbusinessinparticularmarket.
Exchange-ratefluctuationsinevitablycauseproblems,butformanyyears,mostfirmscouldtakeprotectiveactiontominimizetheirunfavorableeffects.___(5)___.InternationalBusinessMachineCorporation,forexample,reportedthatexchangelossesresultedinadramatic21.6percentdropintheirearningsinthethirdquarterof1981.Beforerateswerepermittedtofloat,devaluationsofmajorcurrencieswereinfrequentandusuallycouldbeanticipated,butexchange-ratefluctuationsinthefloatsystemaredailyaffairs.
A.Politicalriskisanenvironmentalconcernforallbusinesses.
B.Oneuniqueriskencounteredbytheinternationalmarketerinvolvesfinancialadjustments.
C.Commercialrisksarehandledessentiallyasnormalcreditrisksencounteredinday-to-daybusiness.
D.Thedistributortestedtheshipmentanddeclaredittobebelowacceptabletasteandtexturestandards.
E.Floatingexchangeratesoftheworld’smajorcurrencieshaveforcedallmarketerstobeespeciallyawareofexchange-ratefluctuationsandtheneedtocompensateforthemintheirfinancialplanning.
F.Manyinternationalmarketersgobankrupteachyearbecauseofexchange-ratefluctuation.
二、三句顺口溜:
1.抓主干,猜大意,弄清它是啥东西。
比如:
because,but,inshort等。
2.不要放过特征词。
比如:
数字、专有名词、代词等。
3.小词帮你出大力,时态帮你理顺序,标点解决大问题。
标点:
句号,问号,引号句。
(一)引号句--选项中如果有引号句出现,空格所在段落可能会有引号句出现。
请大家把翻到300页,第二篇,爱因斯坦被命名为世纪之人。
EinsteinNamed“PersonofCentury”
“Theworldhaschangedfarmoreinthepast100yearsthaninanyothercenturyinhistory.Thereasonisnotpoliticaloreconomic,buttechnological—technologiesthatfloweddirectlyfromadvancesinbasicscience,”wrotetheoreticalphysicistStephenHawkinginaTimeessayexplainingEinstein’ssignificance.___
(1)____.
“WhatwesawwasFranklinRooseveltembodyingthegreatthemeoffreedom’sfightagainsttotalitarianism,Gandhipersonifyingthegreatthemeofindividualsstrugglingfortheirrights,andEinsteinbeingbothagreatgeniusandagreatsymbolofascientificrevolutionthatbroughtwithitamazingtechnologicaladvancesthathelpedexpandthegrowthoffreedom,”saidTimeMagazineEditorWalterIsaacson.
___(4)___.“Therewaslessfaithinabsolutes,notonlyoftimeandspacebutalsooftruthandmorality.”
A.“Indirectly,relativitypavedthewayforanewrelativisminmorality,artandpolitics,”IsaacsonwroteinanessayexplainingTime’schoices.
B.Howhethoughtoftherelativitytheoryinfluencedthegeneralpublic'sviewaboutAlbertEinstein.
C.“Clearly,noscientistbetterrepresentsthoseadvancesthanAlbertEinstein.”
D.Rooseveltheededtheadviceandformedthe“ManhattanProject”thatsecretlydevelopedthefirstatomicweapon.
E.Inhisearlyyears,Einsteindidnotshowthepromiseofwhathewastobecome.
F.Inhis“SpecialTheoryofRelativity,”Einsteindescribedhowtheonlyconstantintheuniverseisthespeedoflight.
看选项,看标点,找找引号句。
笔记:
引号词只有复现时才有用。
留题:
93页。
请大家把书翻到301页。
ReinventingtheTable
Anearthscientisthasrejiggedtheperiodictabletomakechemistrysimplertoteachtostudents.
“Igottiredofbreakingmyarmstryingtoexplaintheperiodictabletoearthstudents,”hesays,criss-crossinghishandsintheairandpointingtodifferentbitsofatraditionaltable.“Geochemistsjustwantanintuitivesenseofwhat’sgoingonwiththeelements,”saysAlbertGalyfromtheUniversityofCambridge___(3)____
ATherehavebeenmanyattemptstoredesigntheperiodictablesinceDmitriMendeleevdrewitupin1871.
BRailsbackhasstillorderedtheelementsaccordingtothenumberofprotonstheyhave.
C“Iimaginethiswouldbegoodforundergraduates.”
DRaisbackhaslistedsomeelementsmorethanonce.
EAndthesizeofelement’ssymbolreflectshowmuchofitisfoundintheEarth’scrust.
FThetraditionalperiodictablewaswelldrawn.
选项中看引号句,找空格所在段落。
3.
(二)问号句:
(1)一般问句,只有排比句时,才有用。
(2)特殊问句:
①who,选项如果用who来提问时,先不做。
请大家把书翻到297页,第一篇,移动电话。
MobilePhones
A.Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.
B.Bytheyear2000itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8millionmobilephones:
.nearlyoneforeverytwopeople
C.“Ifmobilephonesarefoundtobedangerous,theyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevised,”hesaid.
D.Thenwhofinancestheresearch?
E.Forexample,Telstra,OptusandVodaphonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.
F.Theconclusionisthatmobilephonesbringsmoreharmthanbenefit.
②why,选项如果用why来提问时,回答语一般包括以下原因词:
because+句子,becauseof+名词/名词短语,reason,dueto:
由于,
owingto(oweto):
由于。
请大家把书翻到307页,第一篇,为什么人们会变矮
WhyDoPeoplesShrink?
___(3)____Butperhapsthemostcommonreasonwhysomeolderpeopleshrinkisbecauseofosteoporosis.
That’sbecauseasthedaygoeson,waterinthedisksofthespinegetscompressed(squeezed)duetogravity,makingyoujustatinybitshorter.Don’tworry,though.___(5)___
ATheyenduppressingclosertogether,whichmakesapersonlosealittlehighandbecomeshorter.
BOnceyougetagoodnight’srest,yourbodyrecovers,andthenextmorning,you’restandingtallagain!
COvertime,boneissaidtobelostbecauseit’snotbeingreplaced.
DLuckily,therearethingsthatpeoplecandotopreventshrinking.
EThekidsspendtherestofthemovieastinypeoplewhoarebarelyvisiblewhiletryingtogetbacktotheirnormalsize.
FButwhydoesshrinkinghappenatall?
shrinking:
变矮,缩水。
③其它特殊疑问词,不包括who,why。
--抓问句的主语及回答句的主语,即问句的主语如果是名词或名词短语时,回答语的主语必为代词。
四个代词:
he,she,it,they。
请大家把书翻到319页,高空一跃。
SleepingGiant
_____2_____yetithaseruptedthreetimesduringthelastmillionyears.AndoneofthoseeruptionsspewedenoughvolcanicashandotherdebristoblankethalftheUnitedStates.
_____5_____Itisthevolcanicenergythatpowersthegeysersandhotsprings,createsthemountainsandcanyons,andgeneratestheuniqueecosystemsthatsupportYellowstone’sdiversewildlife.
AThreecalderasmakeupmorethanathirdofYellowstoneNationalPark.
BThefirstYellowstoneeruption,2millionyearsago,releasedmorethandoublethatamountofashanddebris.
CThevolcanoissoinconspicuous(不显眼的)thatfewpeopleknowitexists.
DThen,anenormousfountainwillshoothighintotheair.
EWhiletheactivegeologistprocessesatYellowstonedoposesomerisktothepublic,theyalsomakeitauniquetreasure.
FYellowstoneNationalParkattractstheinterestofgeologiststheworldover.
请大家把书翻到297页,第二篇,世界上最长的桥。
TheWorld’sLongestBridge
____
(2)____They’resuspensionbridges,massivestructures