IELTS大作文写作讲义.docx

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IELTS大作文写作讲义.docx

IELTS大作文写作讲义

雅思写作A、G类大作文讲义

主讲:

何刚

欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材

 

学术类写作

共两道题目,写作任务1和写作任务2。

你必须回答这两道题目。

任务2比任务1分值比重大。

任务

用时

长度

我应该做什么?

评估

任务1

20分钟

150字

描述图画,例如流程图,曲线图,柱状图,饼状图和表格

●任务完成情况

●连贯与衔接

●词汇资源

●语法范围与准确性

任务2

40分钟

250字

写一篇议论文。

要求提供解决方法,评估问题,比较对比不同的观点或看法,或者反驳论点或观点

●任务回应

●连贯与衔接

●词汇资源

●语法范围与准确性

近几年中国学生雅思总分5.4---5.5,写作5.1---5.2

雅思议论文

HowareTask2answersassessed?

Examinersassesstheanswersaccordingtothesecriteria:

∙TaskResponse(i.e.howfullyandappropriatelythecandidatehasansweredallpartsofthetask;theextenttowhichthecandidate'sideasarerelevant,developedandsupported;theextenttowhichthecandidate'spositionisclearandeffective)

∙CoherenceandCohesion(i.e.howwelltheinformationandideasareorganisedandpresentedi.e.paragraphing;howwelltheinformationislinked)

∙LexicalResource(i.e.therangeofvocabularyused,howaccuratelyitisusedandhowappropriateitisforthetask)

∙GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy(i.e.therangeofstructuresused,howaccuratelytheyareusedandhowappropriatetheyareforthetask)

5分作文要求:

对于任务的回应

●只是部分回应题目要求,格式在有的地方不得体

●有立场,但论证并不总是清晰,可能没写结论

●提出了一些主要观点,但这些观点有限,论证不够充分;可能有无关细节

连贯与衔接

●信息的呈现有些组织,但缺少整体延续性

●衔接手段的使用不充分,不准确或者过度

●缺少指代和替换关系,导致重复

●没有分段,或者分段不充分

词汇资源

●词汇有限,仅仅满足最低要求

●在拼写和构词法方面有明显错误,以至于导致阅读的部分困难

语法结构的范围和准确性

●只能使用有限的句型

●试图使用复杂句,但准确度不如简单句

●语法和标点经常错误,这些错误导致阅读部分困难

6分作文要求:

对于任务的回应

●回应题目要求,虽然有的部分涵盖不够完整

●立场切题,虽然结论可能不清晰或重复

●主要观点切题,但有的观点可能论证不够充分或不清晰

连贯与衔接

●信息和观点组织连贯;文章有延续性

●衔接手段使用有效,但是句子内部和句子之间的衔接可能有误或过于机械

●指代关系可能不能总是清晰、合理地使用

●有分段,但不总是有逻辑性

词汇资源

●使用适当范围的词汇

●试图使用较不常见词汇,但有一些不准确

●在拼写和构词法上有错误,但这些错误不至于影响交际

语法结构的范围和准确性

●能使用简单和复杂句子结构

●语法和标点出现一些错误,尽管这些错误很少导致交流障碍。

 

7分作文要求:

对于任务的回应

●涵盖题目要求

●文章立场清晰

●提出、引申、并支持主要观点,但可能有过度概括,分支观点不够紧凑

连贯与衔接

●信息和观点组织有逻辑性;文章从头至尾有延续性

●衔接手段使用合理,虽然可能有一些使用过少或过多

●每个段落都有明确的主题

词汇资源

●词汇使用丰富、有一定的准确性和灵活性

●能使用较不常见词汇,对语体和搭配有所了解

●在词汇的选择、拼写和构词法上偶尔有错误

语法结构的范围和准确性

●使用多种复杂结构

●多数语句无误

●语法和标点掌握较好,但可能会犯一些错误

250字,4段至5段话,4段更容易操作

第一段:

2至4句

第二段:

4至6句

第三段:

4至6句

第四段:

2至4句

Introduction:

stateyourview

Body:

supportyourviewwithreasons,arguments,examples

Conclusion:

restateyourview

主体段落:

Topicsentence+supportingsentences

Argumentativedevices---Waystodevelopaparagraph(论证方法):

1.exemplification(举例说明),

2.explanation(解释说明),

3.causeandeffect(因果论证),

4.comparisonandcontrast(比较与对比)

5.concessionandrefutation(让步与反驳),

6.classification(分类)

 

Exemplification

Example:

aspecificfact,idea,person,orthingthatisusedtoexplainorsupportageneralidea,ortoshowwhatistypicalofalargergroup

举例相关关联词:

Forexample

Forinstance

Take(Consider)…asanexample

Acaseinpoint

suchas

including

Somepeoplethinkthatanimalsshouldbetreatedasfriends.Yetothersonlyconsideranimalsassourcesoffoodandclothing.Whatisyouropinion?

SampleAnswer

Thereisagrowingtendencynowadaysforsomepeopletotreatanimalsaslivingmeatandwalkingfur.Thisleadstothecruelslaughterofanimalsallovertheworldeveryyear.Yet,inmyopinion,insteadofkillinganimals,humanbeingsshouldtreatthemastheirfriends.

Itisanundeniablefactthatanimalsplayavitalroleinmaintainingthesubtlebalanceoftheearth'secologicalsystem.Thelackofthisessentialpartwillbringaboutthedestructionofthewholeworld.Therefore,tosomeextent,killinganimalsisequaltodiggingourowngraves.

Forthousandsofyears,manyanimalshavegivenloyalservicetohumans.Pigeonsconveymessagesinwartime,anddogshelptodetectcrime.Evenpigs,whichmanypeoplethinkarethemoststupidanimals,areusedinthebattleagainstdrugs.Thereisnodoubtthatourliveswouldbefarlessconvenientwithoutalittlehelpfromouranimalfriends.

Animalsalsohelphumansinaspiritualway.Thereisnothingbetterthankeepingacatoradogifyouwantyourkidstobemoreindependentandresponsible.Itisalsonotedthatseniorcitizenslivelongeriftheykeeppetsaftertheirretirement.

Tosumup,animalsarehumanbeings'friends.Thosewhoregardanimalsasmerelyasourceoffoodandclothingshouldatleastbearonethinginmind:

Beingkindtoanimalsisbeingkindtoourselves.Therefore,forourownfuturebenefit,pleasetreatanimalswithloveandcare.

 

Topicsentence:

Agrowingnumberofenvironmentalproblemsarenolongerconfinedtoacertainregionorcountry.

Forexample,oilspillscanpolluteinternationalwatersandthelossoftheozonelayermayleadtothemeltingoficecapsandglaciers,whichinturn,mayraisesealevelsworldwide.

 

Topicsentence:

TheadvertisementsonTV,newspaperandotherkindsofmediamayconfuseconsumersandmakethemrushtopurchaseproductswhichtheydon’treallyneed.

Takethecellphoneforexample.Itsfunctionsandpracticaluseareoftenexaggeratedinadvertisements.What’smore,theadvertisementsevencreateafashionableatmosphereforcellphoneswhichappealstoyoungpeopletochangetheirphonescontinuouslywhileignoringthebasicserviceofcellphonesisjusttomakeaphonecall.

 

Explanation

解释:

Itmeans

Thatistosay

Inotherwords

Toputitanotherway

BythatImean

Ibelievethetraditionalfamily,withbothparentsprovidingemotionalsupportandrole-modelsfortheirchildren,isthemostsatisfactorywayofbringingupchildren.

Educationafterbirthplaysasignificantroleinone’sdevelopment.Education,whichhelpschildrendeveloptheirthinkingandaccumulatetheirknowledge,isadecidingfactorofone’ssuccess.Forexample,ahigh-schoollevelpersoncommonlymaynotsucceedtotheextentofapersonwhohasreceivedauniversityeducation.Thisisnotonlybecauseofthegreaterbreadthofknowledgeacquired,butalsoduetoamorecriticalandfocusedwayofthinkingthatisimpartedandrefinedduringonessenioreducation.

Ithinkanabilitytokeepclearperspectivesinlifeisamoreessentialfactorinachievinghappiness.BythatImeananabilitytohaveaclearsenseofwhatisimportantinourlives(thewelfareofourfamilies,thequalityofourrelationships,makingotherpeoplehappy,etc.)andwhatisnot(aproblematwork,gettingannoyedabouttrivialthings,etc.)

 

CauseandEffect

Cause:

becauseof

asaresultof

dueto

thanksto

owingto

because

as

since

for

Result:

asaresult

asaconsequence

accordingly

inthisway

thus

hence

so

therefore

妇女不应该当兵,因为她们的体力不如男子。

Womenshouldbejoininthearmy

Womenshouldnotbeamemberofthearmy

Womenshouldnottakeupamilitarycareer

becausetheyarenotasstrongasmen

becausetheyareinferiortomeninphysicalstrength

becauseoftheirphysicalinadequacies

Inmanycountriesschoolshavesevereproblemswithstudentbehaviour.

Whatdoyouthinkarethecausesofthis?

Whatsolutionscanyousuggest?

范文:

PoorstudentbehaviourseemstobeanincreasinglywidespreadproblemandIthinkthatmodernlifestylesareprobablyresponsibleforthis.

Inmanycountries,thebirthrateisdecreasingsothatfamiliesaresmallerwithfewerchildren.Thesechildrenareoftenspoilt,notintermsofloveandattentionbecauseworkingparentsdonothavethetimeforthis,butinmorematerialways.Theyareallowedtohavewhatevertheywant,regardlessofprice,andtobehaveastheyplease.Thismeansthatthechildrengrowupwithoutconsiderationforothersandwithoutanyunderstandingofwheretheirstandardoflivingcomesfrom.

在许多国家,由于出生率的下降,家庭规模越来越小。

这些家庭里的孩子经常被大人宠坏,这倒不是说他们得到了太多的爱和关怀,因为外出工作的父母没有那么多的时间给与这些,而是更加物质的方面。

父母允许这些小孩不管价格高低想要什么就得到什么,而且为所欲为。

这意味着在这些孩子的成长过程中,他们没有学会考虑他人,也不知道自己所享受的生活来自哪里。

Whentheygettoschoolagetheyhavenotlearntanyselfcontrolordiscipline.Theyhavelessrespectfortheirteachersandrefusetoobeyschoolrulesinthewaythattheirparentsdid.

当这些孩子到了上学年龄,他们没有学会任何自制力。

和父母相比,他们不那么尊敬老师,也不愿意遵守学校的规章制度。

 

ComparisonandContrast

similarly

likewise

inthesamemanner

inthesameway

but

while

whereas

whilst

onthecontrary

incontrast

bycontrast

ontheotherhand

instead

rather

conversely

 

Planeisthefastestmeansoftransportation.

Itusedtotakeusabout10hourstogotoaplacebycar.Now,wecangothereinnomorethan1hourbyair.

Whatusedtotakeus10hoursbycarcannowbecoveredwithin1hourbyair.

 

ConcessionandRefutation

although

while

admittedly

itistruethat

itisoftenthecasethat

but

however

nevertheless

 

Althougholdpeopleareunlikelytofacephysicallychallengingtasks,therearemanyjobsthatareespeciallysuitableforoldpeople,suchasjobsthatcallformoreexperienceandwisdomthanphysicalpower.Withtheirrichexperienceinbothworkandlife,manyoldpeoplewouldmakegoodconsultants,instructors,coaches,doctorsandpsychologists,tomentiononlyafew.

Girlsalsoappeartobelessaggressivethanboys.Inadulthood,itismen,notwomen,whoprovetobetheaggressorsincrimeandinwar.Obviously,inraisingchildren,amorepatient,gentlemannerispreferabletoamoreaggressiveone.Althoughtherearecertainlygentlemenandaggressivewomen,byandlarge,femalesarelesslikelytoresorttoviolenceinattemptingtosolveproblems.

 

论证方法总结及分类论证:

妇女是否应当参军?

Inmanycountries,womenarenotabletojoininthearmytoshareequalbasiswithmenandsomepeoplethinkthatonlymenshouldbeamemberofthearmy,navyandairforce.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?

应当;不应当;主体客体分类

Whyshould?

●战争的状态和要求Thewaybattlesarefoughthasundergonedramaticchangesandsowomenhaveanequalbasisasmen.

●参军的职责Justasmenhavetheresponsibilityofbringingupchildrenwithwomen,sowomenshouldbeartheburdenofprotectingtheirowncountrybyjoininginthearmy.

Whyshouldnot?

(军人必备的条件?

物质/非物质?

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