人教英语选修八Unit2Cloning教案5.docx

人教英语选修八Unit2Cloning教案5.docx

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人教英语选修八Unit2Cloning教案5

Unit2Cloning

TheFifthPeriodExtensivereadingandwriting

Teachinggoals

Integratingskillsandwriting.

1.Targetlanguage目标语言

a.重点词汇

debate,issue,competition,incharge,topic,argument,replyto,summarize,profitable,donate,existence,embryo,justified,transfer,ethically.

b.重点句子

Isuggestthatmedicalcloningisveryimportantofcuringseriousillnessesthatatpresenthavenocure.

Iwouldliketosuggestthatmedicalcloningisnotassimpleasissueasmycolleagueclaims.

2.Abilitygoals

Activatethestudentstoshowtheiropinionsaboutthecloning.

Enablethestudentstowriteanarticleonthisdebate.

3.Learningabilitygoals

Helpthestudentslearnhowtoorganizeadebateandhowtowriteashortcompositionofthedebate.

Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints

Howtoorganizethedebatingmaterials.

Howtowriteashortcompositionofthedebate.

Howtowriteareport.

Teachingmethods

Task-basedteachingmethod.

Teachingaids

Acomputerandaprojector.

Teachingprocedures&ways

StepⅠRevision

Checkthehomeworkandaskthestudentstospeakouttheiropinionaboutthemedicalcloning.

StepⅡReadingtask

T:

Homeworkcheckisover.Pleaseturntopage58.Todaywewillmakeadebate.Tobeginwith,Iwanttoaskyouwhatyouropinionaboutdebateis,haveyouseenanyTVdebates?

S:

Yeah,wehaveseencollegestudents’debateonTV.

S2:

Iknowinadebatethereisonechairpersonsome-timestwo,fourmemberseachgroup,twoleadingdebaters.

T:

Youareright.Doyouwanttoknowmoredetailsaboutadebate?

S:

Yeah.

Askthestudentstoreadthedebaterules.

T:

OK.Stopreading.Herearesomequestionsforyou.Question1:

Whatisthedefinitionofdebate?

Ss:

Adebateisanactivityinwhichstudentscandiscusstwosidesofanissue.Thereisachairpersontochargeit.

T:

Question2:

Tellmetheprocessofadebateinyourownwords.

S:

Theleadingdebaterwhosupportsthetopicspeaksfirst,thenanotheronewhodisagreeswiththetopicspeaks,thenotherpeopletaketurnstogiveafreediscussion.Towardstheendofthedebate,thelastspeakerofeachsidewillsummarizetheargumentsthathavebeenmadetosupporttheirpointofview.

T:

Excellent,thanksforyouranswer.Inourtextbookthereisanexampleofdebate,readthetopiccarefullyanddiscussthequestionswithyourpartner.AndIwilldivideyouintotwoteams.Onesideagreeswiththemedicalcloningandtheothersideisagainstthemedicalcloning.

Thenshowthequestions.Givestudents6minutestopreparetheiranswers.

TeamA:

1.What’stheirargument?

2.Tworeasonsformedicalcloning.

3.Doyouagreewiththem?

Why?

TeamB:

1.What’stheirargument?

2.Tworeasonsagainstmedicalcloning.

3.Doyouagreewiththem?

Why?

Sampleanswers:

TeamA:

Q1:

Theysupporttheideathatthereshouldbemedicalcloning.

Q2:

a.Thereisnodangerofthebodyrefusingtoacceptthenewcalls.

b.Patientscanbetreatedimmediately.

Q3.Yes,Iagreewiththem.Becausethemedicalcloningcanhelpourhumanbeingstocuremanydiseases.Withthehelpofthecloningtechniques,peoplecanberestoredtoperfecthealthandbeabletoliveagoodlife.

No,Idisagreewiththem.Ithinkallanimalsincludinghumanbeingsarenaturalthingsontheearth.Weshouldnotdamagethisnaturalrule.

TeamB:

Q1.Theydisagreethatthereshouldbemedicalcloning.

Q2.a.Itbringsmanyethicalproblems.

b.Manyscientistsarealsoworriedabouttheefficiencyofthesystem.

Q3.Yes,Iagreewiththem.Becausethemedicalcloningbringsmanyseriousproblemstoourhumanbeings.Wemustbeverycautiousaboutcloninguntiltheseproblemsaresolved.

No,Idisagreewiththem.Becauseallofuswanttoleadameaningfullife.Weshouldtryourbesttorealizeourdream.

StepⅢSpeakingtask

T:

Justnow,welearnedhowtoorganizeadebate,nowit’sourturntocontinuethedebate.Thetopicofourdebateis“shouldweclone?

”Nowchoosetheteamyouagreewith.

Dividethewholeclassintofourgroups,twoagreeandtwodisagree.

T:

Tobeginthisdebate,Iwillgiveyousomeinformationaboutclone.Youcanchoosewhatyouneed.Duringthespeech,youcanmakenotessothatyoudonotforgetwhatyouwanttosay.Inourdebatethepersonwhospeakslastmustsummarizeyourideas.Herearesometipsforyou.

Showthefollowing.

Centeronthesubjectofthedebate.

Organizemainideasthatsupportyourpointofview.

Listyourownideas.

Makeaconclusion.

Askthestudentstoreadthefollowinginformation

Showthefollowing.

Whyshouldweusecloning?

Thegoalsandpurposesforcloningrangefrommakingcopiesofthosethathavedeceasedtobetterengineeringtheoffspringinhumansandanimals.Cloningcouldalsodirectlyofferameansofcuringdiseasesoratechniquethatcouldextendmeanstoacquiringnewdataforthesciencesofembryologyandhoworganismsdevelopasawholeovertime.Currently,theagriculturalindustrydemandsnucleartransfertoproducebetterlivestock.Cloningcouldmassivelyimprovetheagriculturalindustryasthetechniqueofnucleartransferimproves.Thegoaloftransgeniclivestockistoproducelivestockwithidealcharacteristicsfortheagriculturalindustryandtobeabletomanufacturebiologicalproductssuchasproteinsforhumans.Researcherscanharvestandgrowadultcellsinlargeamountscomparedtoembryos.Scientistscanthengeneticallyalterthesecellsandfindwhichonesdidtransformandthencloneonlythosecells.

Scientistsalsopondertheideaofcloningendangeredspeciestoincreasetheirpopulation.Thepossibilitiesareendless.However,weareactuallydoingmuchofthisresearchfortheimprovementoflifeforhumans.Scientistsforeseethecloningofpigsthatwillproduceorgansthatwillnotberejectedbyhumans.Cloningalsoprovidesbetterresearchcapabilitiesforfindingcurestomanydiseases.Therearealsopossibilitiesthatnucleartransfercouldprovidebenefitstothosewhowouldlikechildren.Forinstance,coupleswhoareinfertile,orhavegeneticdisorders,couldusecloningtoproduceachild.Equallyimportant,womenwhoaresinglecouldhaveachildusingcloninginsteadofin-vitrofertilizationorartificialinsemination.Cloningcouldalsoprovideacopyofachildforacouplewhosechildhaddied.

Whyshouldwenotusecloning?

Thebiggestproblemwiththeuseofcloningonalargescaleisthedeclineingeneticdiversity.Thinkaboutit,ifeveryonehasthesamegeneticmaterial,whathappensifwelosetheabilitytoclone.Wewouldhavetoresorttonaturalreproduction,causingustoinbreed,whichwillcausemanyproblems.Also,ifapopulationoforganismshasthesamegeneticinformation,thenthediseasewouldwipeouttheentirepopulation.Helpingendangeredspeciesbycloningwillnothelptheproblem.Currently,zoologistsandenvironmentaliststryingtosaveendangeredspeciesarenotsomuchhavingtroublekeepingpopulationnumbersup,butnothavinganyanimalstobreedthatarenotcousins.Thetechniqueofnucleartransferisalsoearlyinitsdevelopmentalstages.Thus,errorsareoccurringwhenscientistscarryouttheprocedure.Forinstance,ittook277triestoproduceDolly,andRoslinscientistsproducedmanylambswithabnormalities.Ifwetriedtocloneendangeredspecieswecouldpossiblykillthelastfemalesintegraltothesurvivalofaspecies.Thismaybethemainreasonscienceisholdingoutoncloninghumans.

Otherargumentsforcloningincludeifwearetakingnatureintoourownhandsbycloninganimalsorpeople.Peoplequestionwhenwewilldrawthelineforgettinginvolvedinnaturalevents.Religiousorganizationsconsidernucleartransfertocausementobereproductivelyobsolete.Thisclaimwasdeducedbygatheringoftheinformationthatcloningrequiresonlyoocytes,anycell,andawomantodevelopin.Theyalsoclaimthatcloningdoesnotrespectthefactthathumanshavesouls.Theyalsoconsidercloningunnatural,andsaywearetakingtheworkofGodintoourownhands.Thereisalsoadebateastothemoralrightsofclones.Somesaytheirrightswillbedefiedbecauseclonesarenotgrantedthebirthofnewness.Wewouldnotreceivecloneswithsuchexcitementasachildofacouplewhoconceivednaturally.Ifnaturalreproductionweretooccur,geneticvariationwouldoccur.Theysaycloningwoulddepriveapersonofuniqueness.Theyarguethatidenticaltwinsarenotuniquefromeachother,butthattheyarenewingeneticvariationanduniquefromanythingthatcamebeforethem.Peoplealsowonderwhatmentalandemotionalproblemswouldresultifaclonewastofindoutthatheorshewascloned.

Thengivestudents10minutestoprepare,everyonefindstheirrolesinthedebate.Asachairperson,theteacherisinchargeofthedebate.Askthestudentstodoasfollows:

Firstleadingspeakergivesanargument.

Thenothersgivespeechfreely.

Lastthefourthspeakergivesasummary.

Chairperson:

Fromourdebate,wereallycanlearnmuch.Allofyouhaveperformedwell.Whethercanweclone?

Thisisalongtermargument.Tome,ifpeoplecanusethismethodproperly,it’sreallyuseful,butifweuseitinotherways,itcanbringusdisaster.

Samplenotes:

argumentsforcloning

1）Cloningwillbebeneficialtohumans.Forexample,ifacouplecan’thavechildren,cloningcouldhelpgivethemachild;

2）wecouldusecloningtocureillnesses.

argumentsagainstcloning

1）healthrisksfrommutationofgenes;

2）emotionalrisks;

3）riskofabuseofthetechnology;

4）againstnature;

5）clonedanimalsgetillanddiequiteyoung;

6）peopleareafraidofthatscientistswillcreatethousandsofcopiesofthesameperson;

7）Cloningisdangerous