中国文化习题与答案.docx
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中国文化习题与答案
中国文化练习题及答案
Part1WisdomandBeliefs
Unit1ConfucianThoughtonHeavenandHumanity
Homework:
(一)Questions:
1)WhatisTheAnalectsmainlyabout?
2)WhatisConfucius’viewonHeaven?
3)WhatisConfucius’innovativeideaaboutHeaven?
4)Whatdoesthe“heavenlymission”referto?
5)HowisConfucius’conceptofHeavenrelatedtothemodernecologicalcivilization?
6)WhatisConfucius’interpretationofren?
7)AccordingtoConfucius,whatisthemostimportantpartofli?
8)Whatqualitiesare“personsofvirtue”supposedtohave?
9)WhydopeopleneedtostudymusicaccordingtoConfucius?
(二)Translation
1)天何言哉?
四时行焉,百物生焉,天何言哉?
2)生生之谓易。
3)天地之大德曰生。
4)获罪于天,无所禄也。
5)仁者,人也,亲亲为大。
6)父母在,不远游,游必有方。
7)父母之年,不可不知也。
一则以喜,一则以惧。
8)己欲立而立人,己欲达而达人。
9)己所不欲,勿施于人。
10)子生三年,然后免于父母之怀。
11)礼之用,和为贵。
12)知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。
(三)CarefulReading
1、Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.
1)AllthefollowingarethetitlesofConfuciusEXCEPT_____.
A.aneducatorB.abiologistC.ascholarD.aphilosopher
2)Theexpression“filialpiety”mostprobablymeansbeing_____.
A.loyaltothestateB.obedienttosister(s)
C.responsibleD.dutifultoparents
3)WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeConfucius’viewontherelationshipbetweenmanandnature/Heaven?
A.Brothers.B.Husbandandwife.
C.Doctorandpatient.D.Motherandson.
4)Throughburialandancestralworshiprituals,peoplecanlearnthat______.
A.natureislifelesssoitwillneverdie
B.individual’slifecanbeeverlastingbyjoiningnature
C.theyshouldbegratefultotheirparentsforgivingthemlives
D.individual’slifespanisshort,sotheyshouldenjoylifeasmuchaspossible
5)WhichofthefollowingisthemostimportantpartofConfucius’curriculum?
A.Music.B.CalligraphyC.VirtueD.Mathematics
6)Zilu,RanYouandGongxiChi’saspirationsrepresent______,whileZengDian’sreflects_____.
A.personalambition;selfishness
B.loftyideals;meaninglesspursuit
C.personalstruggle;generouscontribution
D.individualcontributiontosociety;harmony
(四)Communication
1)Godbless
2)ThankGod
3)PleaseGod
4)ForGod’ssake
5)Godforbid
6)Manproposes,Goddisposes.
7)Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.
Answers
(一)Questions
1.1)TheAnalectsismainlyaboutConfucius’wordsandlifestory.
2)ConfuciusregardedHeavenasnature.
3)Confucius’innovativeideaaboutHeavenisthatHeaven(ornature)istheprocessoflifecreation.
4)TheheavenlymissionistoaccomplishHeaven’spurposeofprotectingandimprovinglife.
5)Confuciusadvocated“standinginaweoftheordinancesofHeaven”andwarnedagainstoffendingHeaven.Thisis,inessence,equivalenttothemodernideaofstayinginharmonywithnature.SointhiswayConfucius’conceptofHeavenissimilartothemodernecologicalcivilization.
6)Confuciusinterpretedrenasloveofpeople,whichbeginswiththeloveforone’sparents.
7)AccordingtoConfucius,themostimportantpartofliistheburialandancestralworshiprituals.
8)Personsofvirtuearesupposedtohavesoundcharacterandupliftedmindsandtheycanshoulderimportantsocialresponsibilitiesandmakecontributionstosociety.
9)AccordingtoConfucius,studyingmusiccanliftone’sspiritandhelponeappreciatebeauty.
(二)Translation
1)Heavendoesnotspeakinwords.Itspeaksthroughtherotationofthefourseasonsandthegrowthofalllivingthings.
2)Continuouscreationoflifeischange.
3)ThegreatvirtueofHeavenandEarthiscreatinglife.
4)HewhooffendsagainstHeavenhasnonetowhomhecanpray.
5)Thegreatestloveforpeopleistheloveforone’sparents.
6)Childrenshouldnottravelfarwhiletheirparentsarealive.Iftheyhavenochoicebuttodoso,theymustretainsomerestraint.
7)Childrenshouldthinkoftenoftheageoftheirparents.Theyshouldfeelhappyforthehealthandlongevityoftheirparents.Theyshouldalsofeelconcernfortheagingoftheirparents.
8)Whilefulfillingone’sowndesires,allowotherstofulfilltheirs.
9)Donotdotowardothersanythingyouwouldnotwanttobedonetoyou.
10)Achildshouldnotleavehisparents’bosomuntilheisthreeyearsold.
11)Theroleofliistomaintainharmonyamongpeople.
12)Simplyknowingthehigheststandardofvirtueisnotasgoodassettingitasone’sgoal.Settingitasone’sgoalisnotasgoodasenjoyingpracticingofit.
(三)CarefulReading
BDDBCD
(四)Communication
1)上帝保佑[用于向某人表示关爱]
2)天地,感上帝
3)但愿[用于表示非常强烈的愿望]
4)看在上帝的份上,行行好把[表示某事很重要]
5)但愿(某事)不会发生
6)谋势在人,成事在天。
7)自助者天助也
Unit2Laozi’sPhilosophyofNon-action
Assignment---fillintheblanks
•1)Laozi’sthoughthasagreatinfluenceonthecharacteristics;trendsofthought;andaestheticsensibilitiesoftheChinesepeople.
•2)Theexamplesofbirds,fish,cloudsandflowersareusedtoillustratethateverythingintheworldhasitsownwayofbeinganddevelopment.
•3)Thedifferencebetweengreatingenuityandordinaryingenuityliesinthefactthatthelattercanbeachievedthroughhumaneffort,buttheformerissuperiortothelatter.
•4)Inordertobecomestrong,oneshouldstartwithone’sownweakpoints;insteadofoppressingtheweak.
•5)InLaozi’sopinion,fragilityisthesymboloflife.
•6)Thehighestlevelofone’scultivationistoreturntothestateofanewbornbaby,whoisfreeofanyknowledge,desire;impurityorfalsehood.
•7)Peoplefightanddeceiveoneanotheroutofdesire.
•8)Accordingtothelawsofnature,peopleshouldnotrobthepoorandoppresstheweak.
Assignment----translation
•1.顺应自然。
•Followthewayofnature.
•2.无为而无不为。
•Actthroughnon-action.
•3.大巧若拙。
•Greatingenuityappearstobestupidity.
•4.以柔弱胜刚强。
•Overcomethestrongbybeingweak.
•5.不战而屈人之兵。
•Winawarwithoutfightingwater.
•6.兼爱。
•Loveforall.
•7.上善若水。
•Thegreatestvirtueislikewater.
•8.人往高处走,水往低处流。
•Humanstendtoseekhigherpositions.
•9.无欲则刚。
•Oneisinvinciblebecausehedesiresnothingandcontendsfornothing.
•10.返璞归真。
•Returntothestateofanewbornbaby.
Assignment----translation
•1.Natureisconqueredbyobeyingher.
•顺应自然方能征服自然。
•2.Hethatfollowsnatureisneveroutofhisway.
•按自然规律办事的人绝不会迷失方向。
•3.Thedropofrainsmakesaholeinthestone,notbyviolence,butbythefrequencyoffalling.
•滴水穿石,非蛮力所致,皆因坚持不懈。
Unit3Sunzi’sArtofWar:
SourceforAllBooksonWar
Assignment–Answerquestions
•1)WhyisSunzi’sArtofWarregardedasthegreatestamongsomanybooksonwar?
•Sunzi’sArtofWarisregardedasthegreatestamongsomanybooksonwarbecauseitexcelsovertheotherbooksintermsofstrategydesign,philosophicalgroundingandintacticalapplication.
•2)WhatdidSunzimeanby“treachery”?
•By“treachery”Sunzimeantthatdeceivingtheenemywithfalseimpressions.
•3)Whyis“Winningawarwithoutfightingit”advocatedbySunzi?
•“Winningawarwithoutfightingit”isadvocatedbySunzibecausehewantedtoavoidlarge-scalekillinganddestruction.
•4)AccordingtoSunzi’sdialecticalthinking.Whatshouldcommandersconsider?
•AccordingtothedialecticalthinkingofSunzi,commandersshouldconsidergainsandlossesfrombothpositiveandnegativesides.
•5)Supposeourtroopshavestrengthsimilartotheenemytroops,howcanwewinanabsoluteadvantageovertheenemy?
•Supposeourtroopshavethesimilarstrengthwiththeenemytroops,wecanwinanabsoluteadvantageovertheenemybydispersingtheenemytroops.
•6)WhatdoesSunzi’sArtofWarbeginandendwith?
•Sunzi’sArtofWarbeginsandendswithwarningsagainstwar.
•7)WhatarethefirstthreecountriesthatpublishedthetranslationofSunzi’sArtofWar?
•ThefirstthreecountriesthatpublishedthetranslationofSunzi’sArtofWarareJapan,RepublicofKoreaandFrance.
Assignment-carefulreading
•2)Theword“treachery”inSunzi’sArtofWarisclosestinmeaningto________.
•A.deception
•B.betrayal
•C.preaching
•D.irritation
•A
•3)Thestrategyofthelowestlevelinawaristo_______.
•A.usedifferentstrategies
•B.frustratethediplomacyoftheenemy
•C.attackthearmyoftheenemy
•D.attackthecityoftheenemy
•D
•4)FromSunzi’swarning,wecaninferthatsometimesawarcouldbedeclaredjustbecause__________.
•A.onecountrywasunderattackfromanother
•B.thekingoremperorjustwantedtoinvadeanothercountry
•C.therulerwasirritatedforthetimebeing
•D.thecommanderandgeneralhadabadtemper
•C
Assignment-translation
•1)先计而后战
•Planningbeforegoingtowar.
•2)知己知彼,百战不殆。
•Onecanfightandwinahundredwarsifoneknowsbothoneselfandtheenemy.
•3)兵以诈立。
•Thearmysurvivesbytreachery.
•4)利而诱之,乱而取之,实而备之,强而避之,怒而挠之,卑而骄之,佚而劳之,亲而离之。
•Tempttheenemywithgains,attacktheenemywhentheyareindisorder,bepreparedfortheenemywhentheyareequalinstrength,avoidtheenemywhentheyarestronger,aggravatetheenemywhentheyareangry,causetheenemytobecomearrogantwhentheyareprudent,tiretheenemywhentheyareatrest,sowdiscordamongtheenemywhentheyareunited.
•5)攻其无备,出其不意。
•Attacktheenemyatanunexpectedtimeandplace.
•6)不战而屈人之兵。
•Winningawarwithoutfightingit.
•7)乱生于治,怯生于勇,弱生于强。
•Chaoscompareswithorder,cowardicewithbravery,andweaknesswithstrength.
•8)兵者,国之大事,死生之地,存亡之道。
•Theuseofforceisamatteroflifeordeathforthesoldiers,thepeopleandthecountry.
Unit4ChineseCharacters:
PoeticSymbols
Assignment:
•1)WhichofthefollowingisirrelevanttothepictographicsymbolsofChinesecharacters?
•A.Aspiration.B.Imagination.C.Creativity.D.Allusion.
•2)