java外文翻译管理系统.docx

java外文翻译管理系统.docx

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java外文翻译管理系统

英文原文:

TheJavaprogramminglanguageandplatformhaveemergedasmajortechnologiesforperforminge-businessfunctions.Javaprogrammingstandardshaveenabledportabilityofapplicationsandthereuseofapplicationcomponentsacrosscomputingplatforms.SunMicrosystems'JavaCommunityProcesscontinuestobeastrongbaseforthegrowthoftheJavainfrastructureandlanguagestandards.Thisgrowthofopenstandardscreatesnewopportunitiesfordesignersanddevelopersofapplicationsandservices.

ApplicationsofJava

JavausesmanyfamiliarprogrammingconceptsandconstructsandallowsportabilitybyprovidingacommoninterfacethroughanexternalJavaVirtualMachine（JVM）.Avirtualmachineisaself-containedoperatingenvironment,createdbyasoftwarelayerthatbehavesasifitwereaseparatecomputer.Benefitsofcreatingvirtualmachinesincludebetterexploitationofpowerfulcomputingresourcesandisolationofapplicationstopreventcross-corruptionandimprovesecurity.

TheJVMallowscomputingdeviceswithlimitedprocessorsormemorytohandlemoreadvancedapplicationsbycallingupsoftwareinstructionsinsidetheJVMtoperformmostofthework.ThisalsoreducesthesizeandcomplexityofJavaapplicationsbecausemanyofthecorefunctionsandprocessinginstructionswerebuiltintotheJVM.Asaresult,softwaredevelopersnolongerneedtore-createthesameapplicationforeveryoperatingsystem.Javaalsoprovidessecuritybyinstructingtheapplicationtointeractwiththevirtualmachine,whichservedasabarrierbetweenapplicationsandthecoresystem,effectivelyprotectingsystemsfrommaliciouscode.

Amongotherthings,Javaistailor-madeforthegrowingInternetbecauseitmakesiteasytodevelopnew,dynamicapplicationsthatcouldmakethemostoftheInternet'spowerandcapabilities.Javaisnowanopenstandard,meaningthatnosingleentitycontrolsitsdevelopmentandthetoolsforwritingprogramsinthelanguageareavailabletoeveryone.ThepowerofopenstandardslikeJavaistheabilitytobreakdownbarriersandspeedupprogress.

Today,youcanfindJavatechnologyinnetworksanddevicesthatrangefromtheInternetandscientificsupercomputerstolaptopsandcellphones,fromWallStreetmarketsimulatorstohomegameplayersandcreditcards.Thereareover3millionJavadevelopersandnowthereareseveralversionsofthecode.Mostlargecorporationshavein-houseJavadevelopers.Inaddition,themajorityofkeysoftwarevendorsuseJavaintheircommercialapplications（Lazaridis,2003）.

Applications

JavaontheWorldWideWeb

JavahasfoundaplaceonsomeofthemostpopularwebsitesintheworldandtheusesofJavacontinuestogrow.Javaapplicationsnotonlyprovideuniqueuserinterfaces,theyalsohelptopowerthebackendofwebsites.EverybodyisprobablyfamiliarwitheBayandAmazonhavebeenJavapioneersontheWorldWideWeb.

eBay

Foundedin1995,eBayenablese-commerceonalocal,nationalandinternationalbasiswithanarrayofWebcanfinditoneBay,evenifyoudidn'tknowitexisted.Onatypicalday,morethan100millionitemsarelistedoneBayintensofthousandsofcategories.oneBay;theworld'slargestonlinemarketplace.

eBayusesJavaalmosteverywhere.Toaddresssomesecurityissues,eBaychoseSunMicrosystems'JavaSystemIdentityManagerastheplatformforrevampingitsidentitymanagementsystem.Thetaskathandwastoprovideidentitymanagementformorethan12,000eBayemployeesandcontractors.

NowmorethanathousandeBaysoftwaredevelopersworkdailywithJavaapplications.Java'sinherentportabilityallowseBaytomovetonewhardwaretotakeadvantageofnewtechnology,packaging,orpricing,withouthavingtorewriteJavacode.

Amazon

hascreatedaWebServiceapplicationthatenablesuserstobrowsetheirproductcatalogandplaceorders.usesaJavaapplicationthatsearchestheAmazoncatalogforbookswhosesubjectmatchesauser-selectedtopic.Theapplicationdisplaystenbooksthatmatchthechosentopic,andshowstheauthorname,booktitle,listprice,Amazondiscountprice,andthecovericon.Theusermayoptionallyviewonereviewperdisplayedtitleandmakeabuyingdecision.

JavainDataWarehousing&Mining

Althoughmanycompaniescurrentlybenefitfromdatawarehousingtosupportcorporatedecisionmaking,newbusinessintelligenceapproachescontinuetoemergethatcanbepoweredbyJavatechnology.Applicationssuchasdatawarehousing,datamining,EnterpriseInformationPortalsandKnowledgeManagementSystemsareabletoprovideinsightintocustomerretention,purchasingpatterns,andevenfuturebuyingbehavior.

Theseapplicationscannotonlytellwhathashappenedbutwhyandwhatmayhappengivencertainbusinessconditions;Asaresultofthisinformationgrowth,peopleatalllevelsinsidetheenterprise,aswellassuppliers,customers,andothersinthevaluechain,areclamoringforsubsetsofthevaststoresofinformationtohelpthemmakebusinessdecisions.Whilecollectingandstoringvastamountsofdataisonething,utilizinganddeployingthatdatathroughouttheorganizationisanother.

Thetechnicalchallengesinherentinintegratingdisparatedataformats,platforms,andapplicationsaresignificant.However,emergingstandardssuchastheApplicationProgrammingInterfacesthatcomprisetheJavaplatform,aswellasExtendableMarkupLanguagetechnologiescanfacilitatetheinterchangeofdataandthedevelopmentofnextgenerationdatawarehousingandbusinessintelligenceapplications.WhileJavatechnologyhasbeenusedextensivelyforclientsideaccessandtopresentationlayerchallenges,itisrapidlyemergingasasignificanttoolfordevelopingscaleableserversideprograms.TheJava2Platform,EnterpriseEdition（J2EE）providestheobject,transaction,andsecuritysupportforbuildingsuchsystems.

MetadataIssues

Oneofthekeyissuesthatbusinessintelligencedevelopersmustsolveisthatofincompatiblemetadataformats.Metadatacanbedefinedasinformationaboutdataorsimply"dataaboutdata."Inpractice,metadataiswhatmosttools,databases,applications,andotherinformationprocessesusetodefine,relate,andmanipulatedataobjectswithintheirownenvironments.Itdefinesthestructureandmeaningofdataobjectsmanagedbyanapplicationsothattheapplicationknowshowtoprocessrequestsorjobsinvolvingthosedataobjects.Developerscanusethisschematocreateviewsforusers.Also,userscanbrowsetheschematobetterunderstandthestructureandfunctionofthedatabasetablesbeforelaunchingaquery.

Toaddressthemetadataissue,agroupofcompanieshavejoinedtodeveloptheJavaMetadataInterface（JMI）API.TheJMIAPIpermitstheaccessandmanipulationofmetadatainJavawithstandardmetadataservices.JMIisbasedontheMetaObjectFacility（MOF）specificationfromtheObjectManagementGroup（OMG）.TheMOFprovidesamodelandasetofinterfacesforthecreation,storage,access,MetamodelandmetadatainterchangeisdoneviaXMLandusestheXMLMetadataInterchange（XMI）specification,alsofromtheOMG.JMIleveragesJavatechnologytocreateanend-to-enddatawarehousingandbusinessintelligencesolutionsframework.

EnterpriseJavaBeans

AkeytoolprovidedbyJ2EEisEnterpriseJavaBeans（EJB）,anarchitectureforthedevelopmentofcomponent-baseddistributedbusinessapplications.ApplicationswrittenusingtheEJBarchitecturearescalable,transactional,secure,andmulti-useraware.TheseapplicationsmaybewrittenonceandthendeployedonanyserverplatformthatsupportsJ2EE.TheEJBarchitecturemakesiteasyfordeveloperstowritecomponents,sincetheydonotneedtounderstandordealwithcomplex,system-leveldetailssuchasthreadmanagement,resourcepooling,andtransactionandsecuritymanagement.Thisallowsforrole-baseddevelopmentwherecomponentassemblers,platformprovidersandapplicationassemblerscanfocusontheirareaofresponsibilityfurthersimplifyingapplicationdevelopment.

DataStorage&Access

Datastoredinexistingapplicationscanbeaccessedwithspecializedconnectors.Integrationandinteroperabilityofthesedatasourcesisfurtherenabledbythemetadatarepositorythatcontainsmetamodelsofthedatacontainedinthesources,whichthencanbeaccessedandinterchangeduniformlyviatheJMIAPI.Thesemetamodelscapturetheessentialstructureandsemanticsofbusinesscomponents,allowingthemtobeaccessedandqueriedviatheJMIAPIortobeinterchangedviaXML.Throughalloftheseprocesses,theJ2EEinfrastructureensuresthesecurityandintegrityofthedatathroughtransactionmanagementandpropagationandtheunderlyingsecurityarchitecture.

Toconsolidatehistoricalinformationforanalysisofsalesandmarketingtrends,adatawarehouseisoftenthebestsolution.Inthisexample,datacanbeextractedfromtheoperationalsystemswithavarietyofExtract,TransformandLoadtools（ETL）.ThemetamodelsallowEJBsdesignedforfiltering,transformation,andconsolidationofdatatooperateuniformlyondatafromdiversedatasourcesasthebeanisabletoquerythemetamodeltoidentifyandextractthepertinentfields.Queriesandreportscanberunagainstthedatawarehousethatcontainsinformationfromnumeroussourcesinaconsistent,enterprise-widefashionthroughtheuseoftheJMIAPI.

JavainIndustrialSettings

ManypeopleknowJavaonlyasatoolontheWorldWideWebthatenablessitestoperformsomeoftheirfancierfunctionssuchasinteractivityandanimation.However,theactualusesforJavaaremuchmorewidespread.SinceJavaisanobject-orientedlanguage,thetimeneededforapplicationdevelopmentisminimal.

Inaddition,Java'saut