届高考英语各省模拟试题汇编卷全国甲卷.docx
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届高考英语各省模拟试题汇编卷全国甲卷
高考英语各省模拟试题汇编卷
全国甲卷
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
(2022·福建·厦门一中高一开学考试)Travellingtheworldissomethingthatleavesanimpactonyourbeing.Hereisalistofinspiringdestinationsthatareboundtochangeyourlife.SomecompletelyinfluencedwhoIamtoday,andsomeareattheverytopofmybucketlist.
Kenya
ThebeautifulMaasaipeopleareasymboloffamilyandlove,andalthoughsomeoftheirculturaltraditionsmaynotbeacceptedbyeveryone,theirwillingnesstoacceptothersandcherishthebeautyofKenyaistrulyhardtoignore.
Kenya’sincrediblelandshowedmetheimportanceofappreciatingalllivingbeingsandhelpedmerecognizethatregardlessofourspecies,wehavefarmoresimilaritiesthandifferences.Visitingthiscountrymademerealizethatlivinginharmonywithwildlifeissomethingthatweallshouldfightfor,nomatterwherewemightbeintheworld.
Myanmar
UnlikesomanyotherdestinationinAsiathathavebeencrowdedbytourists,thiscounty’shistoricappearanceisstillentirelyexistent.Ancienttemplesarescatteredacrosstheland,andthequiet,peacefulBuddhistapproachtolifeisstillverymuchcommon.
Formanypeople,Myanmarisadestinationthatbroughtpeacebackintotheirlives.DuetoitslargeBuddhistpopulation.—almost90%infact—thiscountrymakesyouappreciatealllifeonEarthlikeneverbefore,whileitsuntouchedlandscapesmakeyoufallheadoverheelswiththeworld.
MuchlikeIndia,thisisadiversecountrywherepeoplelivesidebysideinharmony,regardlessofreligions.
India
Indiaisaplacethatteachesyousomanyimportantlifelessons.Alotofpeoplehaveaskedmewhatitwasaboutthiscountrythatmademechangesomuch,andIhonestlycouldn’ttellyou.It’satruemixtureofseeingvarioussights,beingabsorbedintheuniqueatmosphere,andlearningaboutspiritualityandmanydiversereligions.
1.WhatinfluencedidvisitingKenyahaveontheauthor?
A.Itlethimaccepttheirculturaltraditions.
B.Itbroughtpeacebackintohislife.
C.Ithelpedhimappreciateallcreatures.
D.Itmadehimrealizeallspeciesaresodifferent.
2.WhatdoMyanmarandIndiahaveincommon?
A.Thevariousreligions.B.Theabundantwildlife.
C.Theuntouchedscenery.D.Thecrowdedtemples.
3.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?
A.Anewsreport.B.Atravelblog.
C.Asciencemagazine.D.Ageographytextbook.
B
(2022·广西柳州·二模)Theveggieburger(素食汉堡):
thissimplenon-meatburgerisamainmealforavegetarian.Sowhatisaveggieburger?
Aveggieburgerissimilartoanordinaryhamburger,exceptthatitismeat-free,commonlymadefromingredientssuchasbeans,tofu,nuts,grainsandmushrooms.Inmanycases,thedifferencesbetweenthemeathamburgerandveggieburgerareclear,butImpossibleFoodsCompanyplanstoputanendtothat.TheImpossibleburgerismadeofaplant-basedproductthatlookslikeblood.Itclearlylooks,smellsandevenbleedslikemeat,butit’sgrowninalab.TheImpossiblesaysthisburgerishardtotellfromrealmeat,about47%similar,accordingtoatestconductedamongmeatlovers.
Theplant-basedburgerreceivesincreasingattentionfromthepublic.Marketingisonegoodreason:
plant-basedmeatproductsattractmeat-loversandvegetariansalikeduetotheirhealthbenefits.Ifyoucanhavethefoodyouloveatalowerhealthcost,whywouldn’tyou?
Anotherreasonwhymanypeopleresistmeatproductisthattheymayseektoreduceanimalsufferingorthemeatindustry’slargeenvironmentalimpact.Meatproductionisresponsiblefor18%oftotalgreenhousegases,accordingtotheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO).However,theymaystillmissthetasteofmeat.
Finally,“thereareassociatedfeelingsandmemoriesthatgowithcertainfoods,”saysThomasBanks,BBCLearningEnglishproducerand15-yearvegetarian.“Ididn’tgrowupavegetarianandsometimesImissmyfamily’scooking.Plant-basedmeatallowsmetohaveagoodhome-cookedmealthat’sjustlikemumusedtomake.”
Itisreportedthattheglobalmeatsubstitutemarketwasvaluedat$4,512.1millionin2019,andispredictedtoreach$8,823.6millionby2027,showinganannualgrowthrateof7.2%from2021to2027.Accordingtorecentstudies,30%ofAmericansarenotonlyleavingmeatofftheirplatesbutalsoseekingoutmoreplant-basedmeatsubstitutes.
4.WhatdoesImpossibleFoodsCompanyintendtodo?
A.Tomakeveggieburgerlooklikemeathamburger.
B.Todistractpeople’sinterestinmeathamburger.
C.Toexpandthenumbersofveggieburgerlovers.
D.Topersuademorepeopletohavelessmeathamburger.
5.Whydomanypeoplebecomevegetarians?
A.Theydon’tfavorthetasteofmeat.
B.Theywanttodosomegoodtoanimalwelfare.
C.Theyopposetheenvironmentalsustainability.
D.Theywanttomeettheneedoftheirfinancialbenefits.
6.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?
A.FAOisthepioneerforthemeatlessindustry.
B.Theplant-basedmeatcanbegrownineveryhouseholdgarden.
C.Livestockproductionisresponsiblefor80%oftotalgreenhousegases.
D.Vegetarianscangetmeat-likefoodexperiencesfromtheplant-basedmeat.
7.Howdoestheauthorsupporthisstatementsinthelastparagraph?
A.Bylistingvariousreasons.B.Bygivingadefinition.
C.Bypresentingstatistics.D.Byanalyzingstrengthsandweaknesses.
C
(2022·四川·成都七中二模)ElonMuskisn'tcontentwithelectriccars,shootingpeopleintoorbitandpopulatingMars.Healsowantstogetinsideyourbrain.
Hisgoalistodevelopdevicesthatcanprovidetreatmenttoneural(神经的)diseases-andthatmayonedaybepowerfulenoughtoputhumanityonanequalfootingwithpossiblefuturesuperintelligentcomputers.
Notthatit'sanywhereclosetothatyet.
InavideoFridayobviouslyaimedatseekingnewemployees,MuskshowedoffthesecondversionoftheNeuralink,adeviceaboutthesizeofalargecoin.It'sdesignedtobeputinaperson'shead.Anearlierversionofthedevicehastobeplacedbehindanearlikeahugehearingaid.
Buttheyoungcompanyisfarfromhavingacommercialproduct,whichwouldinvolvecomplexhumantrialsandgovernmentalapproval.Friday'svideoshowedthreepigs.One,namedGertrude,hadaNeuralinkdeviceinitsbrain.
Musk,afounderofboththeelectriccarcompanyTeslaMotorsandthespace-explorationfirmSpaceX,hasalwaysbeenworriedaboutthatsmarterAImachineswilloutwithumans.Hissolution?
Linkourbrainstocomputerssowecankeepupwithorevenwinovertheminintelligence!
Muskurgedcoders(程序员),engineersandespeciallypeoplewhohaveactuallycreatedaproducttoapply."Youdon'tneedtohavebrainexperience,“hesaid,addingthatthisissomethingthatcanbelearnedonthejob.
Connectingabrainupdirectlytoelectronicsisnotnew.DoctorshavealreadyputsimilardevicesinbrainstotreatsuchconditionsasParkinson'sdisease.In2016,researchersreportedthatamanregainedsomemovementinhisownhandwithasimilarbrainimplant.ButMusk'sproposalgoesbeyondthis.Neuralinkwantstobuildonthoseexistingmedicaltreatmentsandworkondevicesthatcouldlinkourbrainstocomputersoneday.
8.WhatcanwelearnaboutthefirstversionoftheNeuralink?
A.Itissmallerthanahearingaid.B.Itcanbeputinaperson'shead.
C.Ithastobeplacedbehindtheear.D.Itisalreadyavailableatthemarket.
9.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“outwit”inparagraph6?
A.Copy.B.Defeat.C.Understand.D.Destroy.
10.WhatkindofcandidatesdoesElonMuskparticularlywant?
A.Someonewhoalsowantstocreatethesamedevice.
B.Doctorswhoalreadyknowhowtotreatbraindiseases.
C.Peoplewhohavealreadydesignedsomeuniqueproduct.
D.Engineerswhoaregoodatlinkingbrainstocomputers.
11.Whereisthistextlikelyfrom?
A.Anadvertisement.B.Atestreport.C.Asciencefiction.D.Anewsreport.
D
(2022·四川省泸县第一中学二模)In2016,Japanesescientistsfoundakindofbacteria,whichtheycalledIdeonellasakainesis,could“eat”plastic.
ThesecretforIdeonellasakainesisisenzymes(酶)usedbybacteriaandothercellstomakechemicalchangeshappen.Itusestwoenzymestoturnplasticintosomethingitcaneat.What'sleftoverafterwardcouldbeusedtomakenewplastic.Oneofthem,called“PETase”,istheonethatbreaksdowntheplastic.Recently,scientistshavefiguredoutawaytomakethebacteriaeatplasticevenfaster.TheydidsomechemicalworkwiththeenzymePETase.Theythoughtwhattheydidwouldmakeiteatplasticevenslower.However,theyweresurprisedtofindthatthechangemadeiteat20%faster.
Thisisanimportantstep,butitwillstillbeawhilebeforewewillknowifIdeonellasakainesiscanreallymakeadifference.Everythinghastobejustrightforittodoitswork.Itcan'tbetoohotortoocold.Thescientistssaythey'llkeepexploringtomakeitworkinallkindsofconditions.Besides,itonlyeatsonekindofplasticcalledPET,whichisusuallyusedformakingbottles.Butscientiststhinkitispossiblethattheremaybeotherkindsofbacteriathateatotherkindsofplastic.Theythinkthatevenifthesebacteriadon'talreadyexist,theymaycomealongsoon.Bacteriacanchangetheirhabitsquickly,comparedtobiggerlifeforms.
Mostplasticcanalreadyberecycled,andthisisreallyjustanewwaytorecycleit.However,asscientistswarnseriously,Ideonellasakainesis'newfunctiondoesnotchangethefactthatonlyabout9%ofplasticsactuallygetrecycled,whiletherestgetthrownaway.Theyalsopointoutthatharmfulchemicalsareaddedwhenplasticismade.Ifbacteriabreakdownplasticinnaturalareas,thosepoisonswillbegivenoff,andcouldaffectplants,animals,orhumans.
12.Howdidthescie