英国文学专业术语翻译.docx

英国文学专业术语翻译.docx

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英国文学专业术语翻译

英国文学专业术语翻译

01.Humanism（人文主义）

HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance（文艺复兴）.2>itemphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniverseandmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthepresentlife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.

02.Renaissance（文艺复兴）

Theword“Renaissance”means“rebirth”,itmeantthereintroductionintoWesternEuropeofthefullculturalheritageof$2andRome.2>theessenceoftheRenaissanceisHumanism.Attitudesandfeelingswhichhadbeencharacteristicofthe14thand15thcenturiespersistedwelldownintotheeraofHumanismandreformation.3>therealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissanceistheElizabethandramawithWilliamShakespearebeingtheleadingdramatist.

03.Metaphysicalpoetry（玄学派诗歌）

Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.2>witharebelliousspirit,theMetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.3>thedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicalperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.4>theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife.

04.Classism（古典主义）

Classismreferstoamovementortendencyinart,literature,ormusicthatreflectstheprinciplesmanifestedintheartofancient$2and$2.Classicismemphasizesthetraditionalandtheuniversal,andplacesvalueonreason,clarity,balance,andorder.Classicism,withitsconcernforreasonanduniversalthemes,istraditionallyopposedtoRomanticism,whichisconcernedwithemotionsandpersonalthemes.

05.Enlightenment（启蒙运动）

EnlightenmentmovementwasaprogressivephilosophicalandartisticmovementwhichflourishedinFranceandsweptthroughwesternEuropeinthe18thcentury.2>themovementwasafurtherance（助长）oftheRenaissancefrom14thcenturytothemid-17thcentury.3>itspurposewastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilosophicalandartisticideas.4>itcelebratedreasonorrationality,equalityandscience.Itadvocateduniversaleducation.5>famousamongthegreatenlightenersin$2werethosegreatwriterslikeAlexanderpope.JonathanSwift.

06.Neoclassicism（新古典主义）

Inthefieldofliterature,theenlightenmentmovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks.2>thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.TheNeoclassicistsheldthatformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreekandRomanwriterssuchasHomerandVirgilandthoseofthecontemporaryFrenchones.3>theybelievedthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy,andthatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity.

07.TheGraveyardSchool（墓地派诗歌）

1>TheGraveyardSchoolreferstoaschoolofpoetsofthe18thcenturywhosepoemsaremostlydevotedtoasentimentallamentationormeditationonlife.Pastandpresent,withdeathandgraveyardasthemes.

2>ThomasGrayisconsideredtobetheleadingfigureofthisschoolandhisElegywritteninacountrychurchyardisitsmostrepresentativework.

08.Romanticism（浪漫主义）

1>Inthemid-18thcentury,anewliterarymovementcalledromanticismcametoEuropeandthento$2.

2>itwascharacterizedbyastrongprotestagainstthebondageofneoclassicism,whichemphasizedreason,orderandelegantwit.Insteadromanticismgaveprimaryconcerntopassion,emotion,andnaturalbeauty.

3>Inthehistoryofliterature.Romanticismisgenerallyregardedasthethoughtthatdesignatesaliteraryandphilosophicaltheorywhichtendstoseetheindividualastheverycenterofalllifeandexperience.

4>theEnglishromanticperiodisanageofpoetry.Thisprevailedin$2from1798to1837.ThemajorromanticpoetsincludeWordsworth,Byron,andShelley.

09.ByronicHero（拜伦式英雄）

Byronicheroreferstoaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.2>withimmensesuperiorityinhispassionsandpowers,thisByronicHerowouldcarryonhisshoulderstheburdenofrightingallthewrongsinacorruptsociety.Andwouldrisesingle-handedlyagainstanykindoftyrannicalruleseitheringovernment,inreligion,orinmoralprincipleswithunconquerablewillsandinexhaustibleenergies.3>Byron’schiefcontributiontoEnglishliteratureishiscreationofthe“ByronicHero”

10.CriticalRealism（批判现实主义）

CriticalRealismisatermappliedtotherealisticfictioninthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.2>Itmeansthetendencyofwritersandintellectualsintheperiodbetween1875and1920toapplythemethodsofrealisticfictiontothecriticismofsocietyandtheexaminationofsocialissues.3>Realistwriterswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeopleanddescribedwhatwasfaithfultoreality.4>CharlesDickensisthemostimportantcriticalrealist.

11.Aestheticism（美学主义）

ThebasictheoryoftheAestheticmovement---“artforart’ssake”wassetforthbyaFrenchpoet,TheophileGautier.thefirstEnglishmanwhowroteaboutthetheoryofaestheticismwasWalterPater.2>aestheticismplacesartabovelife,andholdsthatlifeshouldimitateart,notartimitatelife.3>Accordingtotheaesthetes,allartisticcreationisabsolutelysubjectiveasopposedtoobjective.Artshouldbefreefromanyinfluenceofegoism.Onlywhenartisforart’ssake,canitbeimmortal.Theybelievedthatartshouldbeunconcernedwithcontroversialissues,suchaspoliticsandmorality,andthatitshouldberestrictedtocontributingbeautyinahighlypolishedstyle.4>ThisisoneofthereactionsagainstthematerialismandcommercialismoftheVictorianindustrialera,aswellasareactionagainsttheVictorianconventionofartformorality’ssake,orartformoney’ssake.

美学运动的基本原则”为艺术而艺术”最初由法国诗人西奥费尔.高缔尔提出,英国运用该美学理论的第一人是沃尔特.佩特.美学主义崇尚艺术高于生活,认为生活应模仿艺术,而不是艺术模仿生活.在美学主义看来,所有的艺术创作都是绝对主观而非客观的产物.艺术不应受任何功利的影响,只有当艺术为艺术而创作时,艺术才能成为不朽之作.他们还认为艺术不应只关注一些热点话题如政治和道德问题,艺术应着力于以华丽的风格张扬美.这是对维多利亚工业发展时期物质崇拜的一种回应,也是向艺术为道德或为金钱而服务的维多利亚传统的挑战.

12.TheVictorianperiod（维多利亚）

Inthisperiod,thenovelbecamethemostwidelyreadandthemostvitalandchallengingexpressionofprogressivethought.Whilestickingtotheprincipleoffaithfulrepresentationofthe18thcenturyrealistnovel,novelistsinthisperiodcarriedtheirdutyforwardtocriticismofthesocietyandthedefenseofthemass.2>althoughwritingfromdifferentpointsofviewandwithdifferenttechniques,theysharedonethingincommon,thatis,theywereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeople.Theywereangrywiththeinhumansocialinstitutions,thedecayingsocialmoralityasrepresentedbythemoney-worshipandUtilitarianism,andthewidespreadmisery,povertyandinjustice.3>theirtruthfulpictureofpeople’slifeandbitterandstrongcriticismofthesocietyhaddonemuchinawakeningthepublicconsciousnesstothesocialproblemsandintheactualimprovementofthesociety.4>CharlesDickensistheleadingfigureoftheVictorianperiod.

13.Modernism（现代主义）

Modernismiscomprehensivebutvaguetermforamovement,whichbegininthelate19thcenturyandwhichhashadawideinfluenceinternationallyduringmuchofthe20thcentury.2>modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho-analysisasitstheoreticalcase.3>thetermpertainstoallthecreativearts.Especiallypoetry,fiction,drama,painting,musicandarchitecture.4>inEnglandfromearlyinthe20thcenturyandduringthe1920sand1930s,inAmericafromshortlybeforethefirstworldwarandonduringtheinter-warperiod,modernisttendencieswereattheirmostactiveandfruitful.5>asfarasliteratureisconcerned,Modernismrevealsabreakingawayfromestablishedrules,traditionsandconventions.Freshwaysoflookingatman’spositionandfunctionintheuniverseandmanyexperimentsinformandstyle.Itisparticularlyconcernedwithlanguageandhowtouseitandwithwritingitself.

14.Streamofconsciousness（意识流）（orinteriormonologue）

Inliterarycriticism,Streamofconsciousnessdenotesaliterarytechniquewhichseekstodescribeanindividual’spointofviewbygivingthewrittenequivalentofthecharacter’sthoughtprocesses.Streamofconsciousnesswritingisstronglyassociatedwiththemodernistmovement.Itsintroductionintheliterarycontext,transferredfrompsychology,isattributedtoMaySinclair.Streamofconsciousnesswritingisusuallyregardedasaspecialformofinteriormonologueandischaracterizedbyassociativeleapsinsyntaxandpunctuationthatcanmaketheprosedifficulttofollow,tracingastheydoacharacter’sfragmentarythoughtsandsensoryfeelings.FamouswriterstoemploythistechniqueintheEnglishlanguageincludeJamesJoyceandWilliamFaulkner.

学术界认为意识流是一种通过直接描述人物思维过程来寻求个人视角的文学写作技巧。

意识流是现代主义运动的体现，它首先出现在心现学领域，由梅.辛克拉提出的，后引进文学领域。

意识流写作通常被认为是一种特殊形式的内心独白.它的特别是联想性,以句法和标点的跳跃,文章的晦涩难懂为特征.来表现人物的片断思维和感官性直觉.比较著名的使用此技巧的有乔伊斯.福克纳

18.theAgeofRealism（现实主义时期）

1）.RealismwasareactionagainstRomanticismandpavedthewaytoModernism;

2）.Duringthisperiodanewgenerationofwriters,dissatisfiedwiththeRomanticideasintheoldergeneration,cameupwithanewinspiration.Thisnewattitudewascharacterizedbyagreatinterestintherealitiesoflife.Itaimedattheinterpretationoftherealitiesofanyaspectoflife,freefromsubjectiveprejudice,idealism,orromanticcolor.Insteadofthinkingaboutthemysteriesoflifeanddeathandheroicindividualism,people’sattentionwasnowdirectedtotheinterestingfeaturesofeverydayexistence,towhatwasbrutalorsordid,andtotheopenportrayalofclassstruggle;

3）sowritersbegantodescribetheintegr