高级中学英语课本学习知识原文知识学习进修六.docx

高级中学英语课本学习知识原文知识学习进修六.docx

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高级中学英语课本学习知识原文知识学习进修六

高中英语课文原文选修六

Unit1Art-Reading

ASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTING

Artisinfluencedbythecustomsandfaithofapeople.StylesinWesternarthavechangedmanytimes.AstherearesomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itwouldbeimpossibletodescribealloftheminsuchashorttext.Consequently,thistextwilldescribeonlythemostimportantones,startingfromthesixthcenturyAD.

TheMiddleAges（5thtothe15thcenturyAD）

DuringtheMiddleAges,themainaimofpainterswastorepresentreligiousthemes.Aconventionalartistofthisperiodwasnotinterestedinshowingnatureandpeopleastheyreallywere.Atypicalpictureatthistimewasfullofreligioussymbols,whichcreatedfeelingofrespectandloveforGod.Butitwasevidentthatideaswerechanginginthe13thcenturywhenpainterslikeGiottodiBondonebegantopaintreligiousscenesinamorerealisticway.

TheRenaissance（15thto16thcentury）

DuringtheRenaissance,newideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedthoseheldintheMiddleAges.Peoplebegantoconcentratelessonreligiousthemesandadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife.AtthesametimepaintersreturnedtoclassicalRomanandGreekideasaboutart.Theytriedtopaintpeopleandnatureastheyreallywere.Richpeoplewantedtopossesstheirownpaintings,sotheycoulddecoratetheirsuperbpalacesandgreathouses.Theypaidfamousartiststopaintpicturesofthemselves,theirhousesandpossessionsaswellastheiractivitiesandachievements.

Oneofthemostimportantdiscoveriesduringthisperiodwashowtodrawthingsinperspective.ThistechniquewasfirstusedbyMasaccioin1428.Whenpeoplefirstsawhispaintings,theywereconvincedthattheywerelookingthroughaholeinawallatarealscene.Iftherolesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered,noonewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.Bycoincidence,oilpaintswerealsodevelopedatthistime,whichmadethecoloursusedinpaintingslookricheranddeeper.Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique,wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous.

Impressionism（late19thtoearly20thcentury）

Inthelate19thcentury,Europechangedagreatdeal.fromamostlyagriculturalsocietytoamostlyindustrialone.Manypeoplemovedfromthecountrysidetothenewcities.Thereweremanynewinventionsandsocialchanges.Naturally,thesechangesalsoledtonewpaintingstyles.AmongthepainterswhobrokeawayfromthetraditionalstyleofpaintingweretheImpressionists,wholivedandworkedinParis.

TheImpressionistswerethefirstpainterstoworkoutdoors.Theywereeagertoshowhowlightandshadowfellonobjectsatdifferenttimesofday.However,becausenaturallightchangessoquickly,theImpressionistshadtopaintquickly.Theirpaintingswerenotasdetailedasthoseofearlierpainters.Atfirst,manypeopledislikedthisstyleofpaintingandbecameveryangraboutit.Theysaidthatthepainterswerecarelessandtheirpaintingswereridiculous.

ModernArt（20thcenturytotoday）

Atthetimetheywerecreated,theImpressionistpaintingswerecontroversial,buttodaytheyareacceptedasthebeginningofwhatwecall"modemart".ThisisbecausetheImpressionistsencouragedartiststolookattheirenvironmentinnewways.Therearescoresofmodernartstyles,butwithouttheImpressionists,manyofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexist.Ontheonehand,somemodemartisabstract;thatis,thepainterdoesnotattempttopaintobjectsasweseethemwithoureyes,butinsteadconcentratesoncertainqualitiesoftheobject,usingcolour,lineandshapetorepresentthem.Ontheotherhand,somepaintingsofmodernartaresorealisticthattheylooklikephotographs.Thesestylesaresodifferent.Whocanpredictwhatpaintingstylestherewillbeinthefuture?

THEBESTOFMANHATTAN’SARTGALLERIES

TheFrickCollection（5thAvenueandE.70thStreet）

ManyartloverswouldrathervisitthissmallartgallerythananyotherinNewYork.HenryClayFrick,arichNewYorker,diedin1919,leavinghishouse,furnitureandartcollectiontotheAmericanpeople.Frickhadapreferenceforpre-twentiethcenturyWesternpaintings,andthesearewell-representedinthisexcellentcollection.YoucanalsoexploreFrick'sbeautifulhomeandgardenwhicharewellworthaVisit.

GuggenheimMuseum（5thAvenueand88thStreet）

Thismuseumowns5,000superbmodernpaintings,sculpturesanddrawings.Theseartworksarenotalldisplayedatthesametime.Theexhibitionisalwayschanging.ItwillappealtothosewholoveImpressionistandPost-Impressionistpaintings.TheGuggenheimMuseumbuildingisalsoworld-famous.Whenyouwalkintogallery,youfeelasifyou

wereinsideafragile,whiteseashell.Thebestwaytoseethepaintingsistostartfromthetopfloorandwalkdowntothebottom.Therearenostairsjustacircularpath.Themuseumalsohasanexcellentrestaurant.

MetropolitanMuseumofArt（5thAvenueand82ndStreet）

Thereputationofthismuseumliesinthevarietyofitsartcollection.Thiscoversmorethan5,000yearsofcivilizationfrommanypartsoftheworld,includingAmerica,Europe,China,Egypt,otherAfricancountriesandSouthAmerica.Themuseumdisplaysmorethanjustthevisualdelightsofart.Itintroducesyoutoancientwaysofliving.YoucanvisitanEgyptiantemple,afragrantMinggarden,atypicalroominan18thcenturyFrenchhouseandmanyotherspecialexhibitions.

MuseumofModernArt（53rdStreet,between5thand6thAvenues）

Itisamazingthatsomanygreatworksofartfromthelate19thcenturytothe21stcenturyarehousedinthesamemuseum.ThecollectionofWesternartincludespaintingsbysuchfamousartistsasMonet,VanGogh,PicassoandMatisse.Afewwordsofwarning:

theadmissionpriceisnotcheapandthemuseumisoftenverycrowded.

WhitneyMuseumofAmericanArt（945MadisonAvenue,near75thStreet）

TheWhitneyholdsanexcellentcollectionofcontemporaryAmericanpaintingandsculpture.Therearenopermanentdisplaysinthismuseumandexhibitionschangeallthetime.Everytwoyears,theWhitneyholdsaspecialexhibitionofnewartbylivingartists.Themuseumalsoshowsvideosandfilmsbycontemporaryvideoartists.

选修6Unit2Poems-Reading

AFEWSIMPLEFORMSOFENGLISHPOEMS

Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplewritepoetry.Somepoemstellastoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgivethereaderastrongimpression.Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.Inthistext,however,wewilllookatafewofthesimplerforms.

SomeofthefirstpoetryayoungchildlearnsinEnglishisnurseryrhymes.Theserhymesliketheoneontheright（A）arestillacommontypeofchildren'spoetry.Thelanguageisconcretebutimaginative,andtheydelightsmallchildrenbecausetheyrhyme,havestrongrhythmandalotofrepetition.Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Byplayingwiththewordsinnurseryrhymes,childrenlearnaboutlanguage.

AHush,littlebaby,don'tsayaword,Papa'sgoingtobuyyouamockingbird.Ifthatmockingbirdwon'tsing,Papa'sgoingtobuyyouadiamondring.Ifthatdiamondringturnstobrass,Papa'sgoingtobuyyoualooking-glass.Ifthatlooking-glassgetsbroke,Papa'sgoingtobuyyouabilly-goat.Ifthatbilly-goatrunsaway,Papa'sgoingtobuyyouanothertoday.

OneofthesimplestkindsofpoemsarethoselikeBandCthatlistthings.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.Somerhyme（likeB）whileothersdonot（likeC）.

BIsawafish-portalallonfire

Isawafish-pondallonfire,

Isawahousebowtoasquire,

Isawapersontwelve-feethigh,

Isawacottageinthesky,

Isawaballoonmadeoflead,

Isawacoffindropdowndead,

Isawtwosparrowsrunarace,

Isawtwohorsesmakinglace,

Isawggirljustlikeacat,

Isawakittenwearahat,

Isawamanwhosawthesetoo,

Andsaidthoughstrangetheyallweretrue.

COurfirstfootballmatch

Wewouldhavewon...

ifJackhadscoredthatgoal,

ifwe'dhadjustafewmoreminutes,

ifwehadtrainedharder,

ifBenhadpassedtheballtoJoe,

ifwe'dhadthousandsoffansscreaming,

ifIhadn'ttakenmyeyeofftheball,

ifwehadn'tstayedupsolatethenightbefore,

ifwehadn'ttakeniteasy,

ifwehadn'trunoutofenergy.

Wewouldhavewon...

ifwe'dbeenbetter!

Anothersimpleformofpoemthatstudentscaneasilywriteisthecinquain,apoemmadeupoffivelines.Withthese,studentscanconveyastrongpictureinjustafewwords.Lookattheexamples（DandE）onthetopofthenextpage.

DBrotherBeautiful,athleticTeasing,shouting,laughingFriendandenemytooMine

ESummerSleepy,saltyDrying,drooping,dreadingWeekin,weekoutEndless

FAfallenblossomIscomingbacktothebranch.Look,abutterfly!

（byMoritake）

GSnowhavingmelted,ThewholevillageisbrimfulOfhappychildren.

（byIssa）

HaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythatismadeupof17syllables.ItisnotatraditionalformofEnglishpoetry,butisverypopularwithEnglishwriters.Itiseasytowriteand,likethecinquain,cangiveaclearpictureandcreateaspecialfeelingusingtheminimumofwords.Thetwohaikupoems（FandG）abovearetranslationsfromtheJapanese.

HWheresheawaitsherhusbandOnandontheriverflows.Neverlookingback,Transformedintostone.Daybydayuponthemountaintop,windandrainrevolve.Shouldthetravellerreturn,thisstonewouldutterspeech.,

（byWangJian）

Didyouknowthat