职称英语理工B真题及答案.docx

职称英语理工B真题及答案.docx

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职称英语理工B真题及答案

2009年职称英语理工类b级考试试题及答案

第1部分：

词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1　Wouldyouplease call myhusbandassoonaspossible?

A　visitBphone

C　consultDinvite

2　Wehadalong conversation aboutherparents.

A　speechBquestion

C　talkDdebate

3　Thechairman proposed thatwestopthemeeting.

A　statedBannounced

C　demandedDsuggested

4　Obviouslythesepeoplecanbe reliedon inacrisis.

A　livedonBdependedon

C　believedinDjoinedin

5　ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathlete breaks arecord.

A　beatsBmaintains

C　matchesDtries

6　Allthepupilsseemtobevery cheerful.

A　happyBhealthy

C　naughtyDbusy

7　Thetraditionalpaintingsare exhibited onthesecondfloor.

A　laidBdisplayed

C　keptDstored

8　Shestoodthere,shakingwith fury.

A　miseryBlaughter

C　angerDcry

9　Maryevidentlyisthemost diligent studentamongus

A　intelligentBbeautiful

C　talkativeDhardworking

10 Persistent attemptstointerviewGarbowerefruitless.

AForcefulB　Reasonable

CContinuousDFirm

11Whycan'tyoustopyour eternal complaining?

A　everlastingBlong

C　temporaryDboring

12Hundredsofbuildingswere wrecked bytheearthquake.

A　shakenBdamaged

C　fallenDjumped

13Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobe authentic.

A　faithfulBroyal

C　genuineDsincere

14Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatal lure ofmathematics.

A　attractionBsimplicity

C　powerDrigor

15Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsa puzzle

A　mistBfog

C　mysteryDsecret

参考答案：

1B2C3D4B5A

6A7B8C9D10C

11A12B13C14A15C

第2部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

RadiocarbonDating

Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon（放射性碳）,orcarbon-14,dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandbysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.

Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyatheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon,calledcarbon-12,hassixprotons（中子）andsixneutrons（质子）initsnucleus.Carbon-14,orC-14,isaradioactive,unstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons（原子核）.Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay（衰减）.Thisprocessinvolvesthelossofheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.

InLibby'sradiocarbondatingtechnique,theweakradioactiveemissions（放射）fromhisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.hedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.

Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth'satmospherewhennitrogen（氮）-14,orN-14,

interactswithcosmicrays（宇宙射线）.ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformed,themountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.Consequently,C-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50,000years.

AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules（分子）thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14

atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues（组织）.Onceanorganism（有机体）diesittopstakingincarboninanyform,andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreases,andtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating,thefewerC-14atomsinasample,theolderthatsampleis.

16　Nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

17　Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsold

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

18　Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

19　Radarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbon

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

20　Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50,000years.

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

21　TheC-14inanorganismbeginstodecaywhenitdies

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

22　Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25,000years.

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

参考答案：

16A17B18B19C20A

21A22C

第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；

（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Chimpanzees

1Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）.Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat（栖息地）destructioncontinues,thenwithin20years,therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy（悲剧）.Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.

2In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因组）matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse,usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests,whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact,chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.Aswellasresemblingusgenetically,chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（优先）.Butthereisanother,moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.

3Thechimpanzees'trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians（兽医）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular,chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatissointeresting.

4Forexample,chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed,theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.

5Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans,scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This,theyhope,willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration（改变）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.

23　Paragraph1

24　Paragraph2

25　Paragraph3

26　Paragraph4

A　ReasonsforHIVresistance

B　Implicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans

C　EffectiveAIDStreatment

D　Geneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans

E　Chimps'resistancetoHIV

F　Geneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsandhumans

27　Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect

28　Thereisadifferenceof　lessthan2%betweenthechimpand

29　Scientistssuspectthatgenes.PlaYasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting

30　Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto

A　somehumandiseasetreatments

B　somediseases

C　humansurvival

D　humangenomes

E　keyareas

F　healthierlifestyle

参考答案：

23B24D25F

26E27C28D29B30A

第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

Water

Thesecondmostimportantconstituent（构成成份）ofthebiosphere（生物圈）isliquidwater.Thiscanonlyexistinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures,sincewaterfreezesat0℃andboilsat100℃.Lifeasweknowitwouldonlybepossibleonthesurfaceofaplanetwhichhadtemperaturessomewherewithinthisnarrowrange.

Theearth'ssupplyofwaterprobablyremainsfairlyconstantinquantity.Thetotalquantityofwaterisnotknownveryaccurately,butitisaboutenoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheglobetoadepthofabouttwoandthree-quarterkilometers.Mostofitisintheformofthesaltwateroftheoceans-about97percent.Therest

isfresh,butthree-quartersofthisisintheformoficeatthePolesandonmountains,andcannotbeusedbylivingsystemsuntilmelted.Oftheremainingfractionalwhichissomewhatlessthanonepercentofthewhole,thereis10-20timesasmuchstoredundergroundwaterasthereisactuallyonthesurface.Thereisalsoatiny,butextremelyimportantfractionofthewatersupplywhichispresentaswatervaporintheatmosphere.

Watervaporintheatmosphereisthechannelthroughwhichthewholewater

circulation（循环）ofthebiospherehastopass.Waterevaporated（蒸发）fromthesurfaceoftheoceans,fromlakesandriversandfrommoist（潮湿的）earthisaddedtoit.Fromitthewatercomesoutagainasrainorsnow,fallingoneithertheseaortheland.Thereis,asmightbeexpected,amoreintensiveevaporationperunitareaovertheseaandoceansthanovertheland,butthereismorerainfalloverthelandthanovertheoceans,andthebalanceisrestoredbytherunofffromthelandintheformofrivers.

31　Liquidwateronlyexists

A　inthecenteroftheearth.

B　onthesurfaceofourplanet.

C　inaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures.

D　inthecoastalareasoftheearth.

32　ThetotalquantityofwateronEarth

A　remainsalmostunchanged.

B　hasgreatlyincreasedinrecentyears.

C　isdecreasingconstantly.

D　isaffectedbyglobalwarming.

33　MostofthefreshwateronEarth

A　isstoredunderground.

B　isintheformoficeatthePolesandonmountains.

C　isfoundinriversandlakes.

D　comesfromtherain.

34　Theword"fraction"inthesecondparagraphmeans

A　averysmallamount.

B　alargearea.

C　animportantsystem.

D　amajorsourceofinformation

35　Thereismoreofrainfall

A　overthem