专题十二阅读补全.docx
《专题十二阅读补全.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专题十二阅读补全.docx(57页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
专题十二阅读补全
专题十二 阅读补全
挖命题
【考情探究】
五年考情统计
考点
卷名
主旨句
过渡句
细节句
语篇类型
语篇主题
2018课标Ⅰ
1
1
3
说明文
在家居时如何选择颜色
2017课标Ⅰ
1
3
1
记叙文
由讨厌露营到喜欢露营的过程
2016课标Ⅰ
1
2
2
说明文
密码的用途、历史以及设置密码的方式
2015课标Ⅰ
2
1
2
说明文
如何建立信任
2014课标Ⅰ
1
1
3
说明文
如何培养孩子们最优秀的技能以满足未来新出现的职业需要
分析解读 近五年高考阅读补全(七选五)命题以考查细节句和过渡句为主,兼顾对主旨句的考查。
本题型突出考查语篇结构分析能力,属于对语言使用范畴及语言组织规律的考查。
语篇类型的选择以说明文为主,记叙文为辅。
建议熟练掌握说明文、记叙文和议论文等常用语篇类型的文体特点和常用关联词,在日常阅读中加强对文章篇章结构的分析,并养成圈画文章或段落中心句的习惯。
【真题典例】
真题再现
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign—somethingyoullalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyoulllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthatsfulloflife?
Professional?
Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?
1 ,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.
Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint. 2 ,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthererereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:
thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.
3 .Theyrethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.
第一段:
介绍颜色在房间装饰中的重要作用。
第二段:
概述在家庭中选择颜色的三种决定。
第三段:
介绍了家庭中的smallcolorchoices。
真题再现
Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves. 4 .Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.
Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryourelookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant. 5 .
A.Whileallofthemareuseful
B.Whateveryourelookingfor
C.Ifyoureexperimentingwithacolor
D.Smallcolorchoicesaretheonesweremostfamiliarwith
E.Itsnotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpieces
F.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttime
G.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways
第四段:
介绍了家庭中的mediumcolorchoices。
第五段:
介绍了家庭中的largecolordecisions。
【重点词汇】
fundamentaladj.基本的,重要的
approachvt.接近
complexadj.复杂的
commitmentn.付出,投入
解题思路
1.B 本句为细节句。
上文指出,你是想要一个充满生机的房间呢?
还是专业的房间?
或者你只是在寻找一个在漫长的一天过后可供你休息的场所呢?
本句应该对上文的问题作出回应,B项符合语境,句意为“无论你在找什么样的房间,要想让房间给你想要的感觉,颜色至关重要”。
B项中的lookingfor为原词再现。
2.A 本句为细节句。
上句指出,在过去的这些年,有很多不同的技巧帮助设计者达到这重要的一点。
本句应该对这些技巧作出回应,A项符合语境,句意为“虽然所有的技巧都有用处,但是它们有点儿复杂”。
A项中的allofthem代指上句中的differenttechniques。
3.D 本句为主旨句。
上段末尾指出了需要作出的三个决定(thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones)。
根据最后两段首句(Mediumcolorchoices...和Thelargecolordecisions...)可知,这两段分别介绍了后两个决定,结合段落内容可知本段介绍第一个决定,故D项(Smallcolorchoices...)符合段落主题。
4.G 本句为过渡句。
本段介绍了对家具这样的中等物件作出颜色选择。
空格前的句子列举了中等物件的例子,空格后的由and连接的两个分句从两方面与小物件的颜色选择进行了比较,故G项符合语境。
twomajorways与下句内容一致。
5.F 本句为细节句。
上文指出,在对大物件的颜色作出选择时,付出的时间、精力和相关的费用都意义重大,F项为该话题的延续,符合语境,意为“因为你想要第一次就选好,所以这肯定是划算的”。
Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyoulllovetolivein.掌握在你的空间如何选择颜色的技巧是创造你喜欢居住的房间的首要步骤之一。
本句的主干为Agraspisoneofthefirststeps,howto...结构作介词of的宾语,youlllovetolivein为定语从句,先行词为rooms,省略了在从句中作宾语的关系代词。
文体特点:
本文语篇类型属于说明文,其结构为总分式,每一段都有主旨句,层次清晰,便于考生从整体上把握文章的结构和要点。
命题方法:
命题人从文中抽出三个细节句、一个主旨句和一个过渡句进行命题,从题目所处的位置来看,涵盖了段首、段中和段尾。
命题趋势:
所选语篇主题与生活相关但又高于实际生活。
如本文介绍了颜色在房间装饰中的重要作用。
文章词数在300词左右,以说明文和记叙文为主;命题角度主要围绕细节句、过渡句和主旨句展开。
炼技法
【方法集训】
A
Businessistheorganizedapproachtoprovidingcustomerswiththegoodsandservicestheywant.Thewordbusinessalsoreferstoanorganizationthatprovidesthesegoodsandservices.Mostbusinessesseektomakeaprofit(利润)—thatis,theyaimtoachieveincomethatismorethanthecostsofoperatingthebusiness. 1 Commonlycallednonprofits,theseorganizationsareprimarilynongovernmentalserviceproviders. 2
Businessmanagementisatermusedtodescribethetechniquesofplanning,direction,andcontroloftheoperationsofabusiness. 3 Oneistheestablishment(制定)ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction;sales;thepurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies;andaccounting. 4 Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments.Directionisconcernedprimarilywithsupervision(监管)andguidancebythemanagementinauthority. 5
A.Controlincludestheuseofrecordsandreportstocompareactualworkwiththesetstandardsforwork.
B.Inthisconnectionthereisthedifferencebetweentopmanagementandoperativemanagement.
C.Examplesofnonprofitbusinessesincludesuchorganizationsassocialserviceagenciesandmanyhospitals.
D.However,somebusinessesonlyseektoearnenoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts.
E.Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.
F.Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagement,organizationhastwomainaspects.
G.Planninginbusinessmanagementhasthreemainaspects.
答案
1.D
2.C
3.G
4.E
5.A
B
PublicSpeakingTraining
●Getacoach
1 ,sogethelp.Sincethereareaboutabillioncompaniesoutthereallreadytoofferyoupublicspeakingtrainingandcourses,herearesomethingstolookforwhendecidingthetrainingthatsrightforyou.
●Focusonpositives
Anytrainingyoudotobecomemoreeffectiveatpublicspeakingshouldalwaysfocusonthepositiveaspectsofwhatyoualreadydowell.Nothingcanhurtconfidencemorethanbeingtoldthatyouarentdoingwell. 2 ,sogoodpublicspeakingtrainingshoulddevelopthoseinsteadoftellingyouwhatyoushouldntdo.
● 3
Ifyoufindapublicspeakingcoursethatlooksasthoughitsgoingtogiveyoulotsofdosanddonts,walkaway!
Yourbrainissofullofwhatyouregoingtobetalkingabout. 4 .Asfaraswereconcerned,therearebasicallynohardandfastrulesaboutpublicspeaking.Youraudiencecanbeyourfriends.
●Youareaspecialpersonnotaclone
Mostimportantly,goodpublicspeakingtrainingshouldtreatyouasaspecialone,withyourownpersonalhabits. 5 .Yourtrainingcourseshouldhelpyoubringoutyourpersonality,nottrytoturnyouintosomeoneyourenot.
A.Youarentlikeanybodyelse
B.Youalreadydolotsofthingswell
C.Turnyourbackontoomanyrules
D.Checktherulesaboutdosanddonts
E.Whateverthepresentation,publicspeakingistough
F.Theonethingyoudontwantisforthemtofallasleep
G.Sotryingtoforceawholesetofrulesintoitwilljustmakethingsworse
答案
1.E
2.B
3.C
4.G
5.A
过专题
【五年高考】
A组 山东省卷、课标卷题组
Passage1(2018课标全国Ⅱ)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ifyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!
Withsuchbusylives,itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout. 1 Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.
●Yourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday. 2
●Yourmetabolism(新陈代谢)getsaheadstart. 3 Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.
● 4 Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.
● 5 Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood?
Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.
Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings.Setyouralarmclockanhourearlyandpushyourselftoworkout!
Youwillfeelenergizedalldaylong.
A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.
B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.
C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.
D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.
E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4—10hoursafterexercise.
F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.
G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryouredoingitnow,thenlistenup!
答案
1.G
2.E
3.F
4.B
5.A
Passage2(2018课标全国Ⅲ)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Beforetherewasthewrittenword,therewasthelanguageofdance.Danceexpressesloveandhate,joyandsorrow,lifeanddeath,andeverythingelseinbetween.
1 WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.
“Iadoredancing,”saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa.“Icantimaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife.”Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages.“Teachingdanceiswonderful. 2 Itsgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,itsawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife.”
3 “Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple,”saysBridges.“Theyrelearningtodotraditionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile. 4 ”
So,dowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter,calmer,healthier?
AndreaHilliersays,“Dance,likethepatternofabeatingheart,islife.Evenafteralltheseyears,Iwanttogetbetterandbetter. 5 Ifindithardtostop!
DancingremindsmeImalive.”
A.Sowhydowedance?
B.DanceintheU.S.iseverywhere.
C.Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,cometoAmerica.
D.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.
E.IkeeppracticingevenwhenImextremelytired.
F.Dancingseemstochangeth