版高考英语一轮通用版课时提升作业 三十七 选修8 Unit 2 含答案.docx

版高考英语一轮通用版课时提升作业 三十七 选修8 Unit 2 含答案.docx

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版高考英语一轮通用版课时提升作业三十七选修8Unit2含答案

课时提升作业三十七

选修8　Unit2　Cloning

（限时35分钟）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Cloninghasthepotentialtochangesociety.Forsome,it’sawelcomedevelopmentdesignedtomakeourliveseasier.Forothers,itrepresentsathreattothehealthandbalanceofsociety,especiallyfromamoralperspective.Lookingatthesecloningprosandcons,it’simportanttoconsiderthescientific,financial,andsocialaspectsofcloningprocesses.

Fromascientificperspective,cloningcanbeconsideredmajorprogress.Scientistsaren’tlimitedbypopulation.It’salsopossibletoclonepiecesoflivingthings.

However,cloningchangesthenaturalorderoflifeanddeath.Whyshouldscientistshavetotreatananimalwellinthelabiftheycanjustmakemore?

Asaresult,scientistsmaybecomelazyorcarelesswiththelivingthingstheyworkon.

Cloningisamajorbusiness.Medicalresearchgroupshaveinvestedmillionsofdollarsinmakingcloningpossible.Asaresult,theycanmakebigprofitsfromsellingcloningservicestohospitalsandthepublic.However,thewealththeyachievedoesn’tmeanthatcloningitselfisaprofitabletrial.Forexample,whileacompanymaycloneanorgan,itspricemaybetoohightoafford.Asaresult,onlyrichpeopleandgovernmentscouldusecloningproducts.

Asawhole,cloningforsocietycanbedebatedforhours.Ononehand,youhavereligiousgroups,whosaythatcloningiswrong.Ontheotherhand,youhavemanypeoplewhoarelookingforwardtomakingclonesofthemselvessothattheclonecanserveasaworkerandleavetheoriginalpersontoenjoyalifeofrelaxationandwealth.

【文章大意】人们对克隆问题意见不统一,有人赞成,也有人反对。

但作者认为人们应该全面思考克隆问题。

1.Wecanconcludefromthefirstparagraphthat________. 

A.opinionsaboutcloningvaryfrompersontoperson

B.morepeoplethinklittleofthebenefitsofcloning

C.cloninghasthepotentialtochangesocietyforbetter

D.peopleshouldthinkofcloninginamorescientificway

【解析】选A。

推理判断题。

从第一段的内容可知,人们对克隆问题意见不统一,有人赞成,也有人反对。

但作者认为人们应该全面思考克隆问题。

2.Whydosomepeoplethinkcloninghasabadeffectonscientificexperiments?

A.Moremoneymaybespentincloningotherlivingthings.

B.Scientistswillbecomecarelesswiththeirexperiments.

C.Cloningmaydisturbthebalanceofnatureandwildlife.

D.Scientistsmayignorethelivingthingstheyworkon.

【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

从第三段的“Asaresult,scientistsmaybecomelazyorcarelesswiththelivingthingstheyworkon.”可知,克隆用于科学实验时,人们担心科学家们会忽视实验的对象。

3.Whatisthedisadvantageofcloningproductsputintothemarket?

A.Morefakecloningproductswillcrowdintothemarketsoon.

B.Onlyalimitedgroupwouldhaveaccesstocloningproducts.

C.Patientshavetobuycloningproductsfromhospitalsorgovernments.

D.Scientistsmaypayattentiontoquantityofcloningproductsratherthanquality.

【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

从第四段的“Asaresult,onlyrichpeopleandgovernmentscouldusecloningproducts.”可知,因为克隆成本高,克隆产品投放到市场后,并不是所有人都买得起,只有有钱人和政府能够支付得起。

【知识拓展】词汇积累

1.potentialn.潜力,潜能

2.threatn.威胁;恐吓;凶兆

3.fromamoralperspective从道德角度

4.makebigprofits赚取巨大利润

5.cloneanorgan克隆器官

6.religiousgroups宗教团体

B　　

　　Scienceandtechnologyhaveadvancedatsucharatethatcloninghasnowbecomeareality.Thepossibilityofcloninghumansisaseriousissueandraisesethical（伦理的）problems.Inmyopinion,cloningisusefulforresearchintocuresfordisease.However,Ithinkthatitneedstobeapproachedwithcautionandcarefullymonitoredbygovernments.

　　Researchintocloningandstemcellproductionisprimarilyaimedatfindingnewtreatmentsforcurrentlyincurableillnesses.Whilethiswouldimprovethequalityoflifeformany,notenoughisunderstoodaboutwhateffectscloningwouldhaveontheworldinthefuture.Thisisprimarilybecausewedonotunderstandenoughabouttheresultsofcloningandboththephysicalandpsychologicaleffectsthatitislikelytohaveonclonedhumansandontherestoftheworld.Furthermore,itisthoughtthataclonedhumanwouldbeunlikelytosurvivebirthandwouldsufferfromcomplications（并发症）resultingfrommalformed（畸形）organs.

　　Therearealsoseriousethicalissuesindanger.Inessence（在本质上）,thosewhoareagainstcloningwouldarguethatscientistshavenorighttoplayGodandtointerfere（干扰）withnaturalprocesses.Producingembryosforthepurposeofharvestingstemcellsforresearchpresentsimportantquestionsaboutthenatureandstatusoftheembryobeingproduced.Itmayalsomakeusquestionwhetherthrowingitawayafterusereducesthevalueweplaceonhumanlife.

　　Inconclusion,Idonotagreethatresearchintocloningusinghumanembryosshouldcontinue.Thisisnotonlybecauseitmayreducethevalueweplaceonhumanlife,butalsobecausenotenoughisknownabouttheeffects.However,Idothinkthatifthereisawaytoproducestemcellsusingcloningwhichdoesnotputhumanlifeatrisk,thengovernmentsshouldcontinuetosupportit.

【文章大意】这篇文章主要讲了作者对于克隆的观点。

作者认为如果在可控范围内,克隆对研究治愈疾病是非常有帮助的。

作者认为政府应该继续支持干细胞研究,如果它对人类的生活无害。

4.Whatisthewriter’sgeneralopiniononcloning?

A.Itisusefulineveryareaofresearch.

B.Itneedstobecarefullycontrolledbygovernments.

C.Itisusefulforresearchintocuresfordiseaseifitiscontrolled.

D.Itisonlyusefulforresearchintocuresfordisease.

【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第一段中的Inmyopinion,cloningisusefulforresearchintocuresfordisease.However,Ithinkthatitneedstobeapproachedwithcautionandcarefullymonitoredbygovernments,可知作者对于克隆的观点是,如果在可控范围内,它对研究治愈疾病是非常有帮助的。

5.Theunderlinedword“approached”inthefirstparagraphmeans“________”. 

A.reachedahighleveloramount

B.movedforward

C.comenear　　

D.dealtwith

【解析】选D。

词义猜测题。

根据第一段可知作者认为克隆人的问题需要小心谨慎处理、对待,可猜出“approach”意思是“处理、对待”。

6.Thewriter’smainreasonagainstcloningisthat________. 

A.notenoughisknownabouttheeffectsofcloning

B.aclonedhumanwouldbelikelytodieofmalformedorgans

C.cloninghasnegativephysicalandpsychologicaleffectsonclones

D.itwouldaffectthequalityoflifeformany

【解析】选A。

推理判断题。

根据第二段中的notenoughisunderstoodaboutwhateffectscloningwouldhaveontheworldinthefuture.Thisisprimarilybecausewedonotunderstandenoughabouttheresultsofcloningandboththephysicalandpsychologicaleffectsthatitislikelytohaveonclonedhumansandontherestoftheworld.可知作者反对克隆的主要原因是因为对于克隆的影响,人们了解得不够多。

7.Inthelastparagraph,thewriterthinksgovernmentsshould________. 

A.notputhumanlifeatrisk

B.supportallformsofresearchintostemcellproduction

C.notsupportanyformofresearchintostemcellproduction

D.supportresearchintostemcellproductionharmlesstohumanlife

【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的However,Idothinkthatifthereisawaytoproducestemcellsusingcloningwhichdoesnotputhumanlifeatrisk,thengovernmentsshouldcontinuetosupportit可知作者认为政府应该继续支持干细胞研究,如果它对人类的生活无害。

【知识拓展】难句解读

Furthermore,itisthoughtthataclonedhumanwouldbeunlikelytosurvivebirthandwouldsufferfromcomplications（并发症）resultingfrommalformed（畸形）organs. 

结构:

状语,形式主语+谓语+真正主语（从句）

翻译:

此外,有人认为,克隆人可能不会活过出生期,可能会遭受由畸形器官导致的并发症。

Ⅱ.完形填空

　　AccesstoelectricityhasalwaysbeenlimitedforpeoplelivinginNuevoSaposoa,aremotevillageinPeru.However,thingswentfrombadtoworseinMarch2015　1　aflooddamagedthepowerstationinthearea.Thevillagerswere　2　toturntokerosene（煤油）lamps,whicharenotonlyexpensivebutalso　3　becauseofthepoisonousmattertheygiveoff. 

　　　4　,theresearchersandstudentsattheUniversidadinLima,Peruheardabouttheir　5　situationandcameupwithacreativesolution.They　6　alampthatcanbepoweredbyplantsandsoil,bothofwhichcanbefound　7　intheAmazonianrainforestswherethevillageislocated.CalledPlantalamparas,the　8　drawsenergyfromaplantgrowinginawoodenboxandusesitto　9　anLEDbulb. 

　　Whilethatmaysoundcomplicatedandevenimpossible,itisquite　10　.Thewasteproducedbyplantsundergoesoxidization（氧化作用）inthesoil,whichproduceselectrons（电子）.TheUTECteamplacedelectrodes（电极）insidethesoilto　11　theenergyandstoreitinthelamp’sbatteriesfor　12　use.TheresearcherssayasinglechargecanlightanLEDbulbfortwohours—enough　13　forpeopletogettheireveningchoresdone.Theuniversity　14　tensuchlampstoNuevoSaposoainOctober2015.Sofar,theyhavebeenahuge　15　!

ElmerRamirez,UTEC’sprofessor,believestheplant-poweredlampscouldalsohelpimprovethelivesofthousandsofother　16　rainforestcommunities,42%ofwhichhavenoaccessto　17　. 

　　Thisisnotthe　18　timethestudentsandprofessorsofUTEChavecomeupwitha（n）　19　solutiontoaproblem.In2014,todealwithPeru’ssevere　20　pollutiontheycreatedalargeadvertisingboardthatcouldbeusedasanairpurifier（净化器）aswell!

【文章大意】本文是说明文。

秘鲁UTEC大学的师生为了解决偏远乡村用电难的问题发明了一种利用植物和土壤供电的灯。

1.A.after　　B.though　　C.unless　　D.until

【解析】选A。

根据本句中的frombadtoworse可知,在洪水毁了当地的发电站“后（after）”,NuevoSaposoa村用电难的问题更加严重。

2.A.advisedB.taughtC.askedD.forced

【解析】选D。

没有电,村民们“被迫（forced）”使用煤油灯。

3.A.disappointingB.inconvenient

C.strangeD.dangerous

【解析】选D。

根据空后的thepoisonousmatter可知,使用煤油灯很“危险（dangerous）”。

4.A.FortunatelyB.Suddenly

C.CertainlyD.Usually

【解析】选A。

根据下文内容可知,“幸运的是（Fortunately）”,UTEC大学的师生们想出一个好主意帮助村民。

5.A.realB.embarrassing

C.badD.unstable

【解析】选C。

根据上文内容可知,NuevoSaposoa村的村民无电可用,情况很“糟糕（bad）”。

6.A.boughtB.designed

C.discoveredD.repaired

【解析】选B。

根据本空后的alampthatcanbepoweredbyplantsandsoil可知,他们“设计出（design）”一种利用植物和土壤供电的灯。

7.A.indetailB.inharmony

C.indangerD.inabundance

【解析】选D。

只有制作新型灯的材