外文对照翻译杨龙进.docx
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外文对照翻译杨龙进
英文原文
HowAirConditionersenergyconservationtechnologyresearch
1.Introductions资料来源360毕业设计网
Theenergyconservationmaysayisthebuildingcharacterautomaticcontrolsystemstartingpointandthehometoreturnto.Itiswellknown,intheintelligentconstruction,HVAC(heating,ventilatesandairconditioning)thesystemconsumestohavetooccupythebuildingconsumptiontotalenergyenormouspartialproportions,approximatelyabout50%~60%.Speciallycold:
Easttheunit,thecoolingtower,thecirculatingwaterpumpandtheairconditioningunit,thenewatmosphereunit,allareconsumesenergythebighousehold.Thereforereallyhasessentialdevelopsoneeffectiveair-conditioningsystemenergyconservationmethod,especiallyusesisinimprovesintheexistingbuildingair-conditioningsystemautomationtheaspect.
空调节能技术的研究
1.引言
节能可以说是楼字自动控制系统的出发点和归宿。
众所周知,在智能建筑中,HVAC(采暖、通风和空调)系统所耗费的能量要占到大楼消耗的总能量的极大部分比例,大致在50%~60%左右。
特别是冷冻机组、冷却塔、循环水泵和空调机组、新风机组,都是耗能大户。
所以实有必要发展一种有效的空调系统节能方法,尤其用是在改善现有大楼空调系统自动化上方面。
DDC(Directdigitalcontr01)thedirectofnumericalcontrol,isastructuresimpleoperationeasycontroldevice,itmayborrowbytheconnectionswitchesovertheequipmenttomakethesystemscontrolalongwiththeloadchange,liketheairconditioningcoldwatercirculatorysystem,theairconditioningboxfrequencyconversionautomaticamountofwindadjustmentandthecoolingtowerradiationventilatorfrequencyconversionholdscontrolsandsoon,mayletanair-conditioningsystemmoreeffectiverevolution,likethis,notonlybringstheverybigeconomicefficiencyfortheestatemanagement,moreoveralsomaycausethesystemtomoveunderabetteroperatingmode,thuslengthenstheequipmenttheservicelifeaswellasachievedprovidesgoalofthecomfortableairconditioningenvironmentandtheenergyconservation.
DDC(Directdigitalcontrol)直接数字化控制,是一项构造简单操作容易的控制设备,它可借由接口转接设备随负荷变化作系统控制,如空调冷水循环系统、空调箱变频自动风量调整及冷却水塔散热风扇的变频操控等,可以让空调系统更有效率的运转,这样,不仅为物业管理带来很大的经济效益,而且还可使系统在较佳的工况下运行,从而延长设备的使用寿命以及达到提供舒适的空调环境和节能之目的。
Thegeneralbuildingcommonlyusedair-conditioningsystemhasCAV,VAV,VWVandsoon,respectivelyhasdifferentlyholdscontrolstheway,allmayuseDDCtocontrol.
一般大楼常用的空调系统有CAV、VAV、VWV等,各有不同操控方式,都可以用DDC控制。
1)decidestheamountofwindsystem(ConstantAirVolume,iscalledCAV).
Decidescertainlytheamountofwindsystemtheamountofwindwhichblowsoutfortheairconditionercertainly,providescoldly(iswarm)thegaswhichtheairconditioningregionneeds.Whenairconditioningregionloadvariation,thenchangestheblasttemperaturetodealwithintheroomtoshoulder,andachievesthemaintenanceindoortemperaturetothecomfortablearearequest.Thecommonlyusedcentralair-conditioningsystemisAHU(airconditioner)andthecoolingwaterpipesystem(theFCUsystem).Thesetwogenerallydecidestheamountofwind(CAV)tosupplytheairconditioningarea,inordertodealwithintheroomthepartialloadschange,decidestheamountofwindsysteminAHUtochangewarmbytheairconditionerblowsofprocesses,controlsinthegeneralFCUsystembycoldwatervalveON/OFFadjuststheblasttemperature.
1)定风量系统(ConstantAirVolume,简称CAV)。
定风量系统为空调机吹出的风量一定,以提供空调区域所需要的冷(暖)气。
当空调区域负荷变动时,则以改变送风温度应付室内负荷,并达到维持室内温度于舒适区的要求。
常用的中央空调系统为AHU(空调机)与冷水管系统(FCU系统)。
这两者一般均以定风量(CAV)来供应空调区,为了应付室内部分负荷的变动,在AHU定风量系统以空调机的变温送风来处理,在一般FCU系统则以冷水阀ON/OFF控制来调节送风温度。
2)changestheamountofwindsystem(VAV)
Changestheamountofwindsystem(VarlableAirVolume,iscalledVAV)istheairconditioner(AHUorFCU)maymovechangestheamountofwind.Thecommonlyusedcentralair-conditioningsystemisAHU(airconditioner)andthecoolingwaterpipesystemFCUsystem.Thesetwogenerallydecidestheamountofwind(CAV)tosupplytheairconditioningarea,inordertodealwithintheroomthepartialloadschange,decidestheamountofwindsysteminAHUtochangewarmbytheairconditionerblowsofprocesses,controlsinthegeneralFCUsystembycoldwatervalveON/OFFadjuststheblasttemperature.Howeverthesetwohaswastedthemassiveenergyontheblastsystem.Becauseinlong-termlowloadtimetheairfeederalsocarriesouttheentireamountofwindrevolutiontoconsumetheelectricity,thisnotonlyisnoteasytomaintaininthestableroomhumiditythecondition,alsowastesthemassiveblastsrevolutionenergy.Changestheamountofwindsystemisaimsattheblastsystemtoconsumetheelectricityshortcomingtheenergyconservationcountermeasure.
2)变风量系统(VAV)
变风量系统(VarlableAirVolume,简称VAV)即是空调机(AHU或FCU)可以调变风量。
常用的中央空调系统为AHU(空调机)与冷水管系统FCU系统。
这两者一般均以定风量(CAV)来供应空调区,为了应付室内部分负荷的变动,在AHU定风量系统以空调机的变温送风来处理,在一般FCU系统则以冷水阀ON/OFF控制来调节送风温度。
然而这两者在送风系统上浪费了大量能源。
因为在长期低负荷时送风机亦均执行全风量运转而耗电,这不但不易维持稳定的室内温湿条件,也浪费大量的送风运转能源。
变风量系统就是针对送风系统耗电缺点的节能对策。
3)changesthecurrentcapacitysystem(VWV)
So-calledchangesthecurrentcapacitysystem(VariableWaterVolume,iscalledVWV),isenhancestheheatsourcemachinebythecertainwatertemperaturesupplyairconditionertheefficiency,butchangesbythespecialwaterpumpdeliversthewatervolume,whileconvenientachievessavestheeffectwhichthewaterpumpuseselectricity.ChangesthewatervolumesystemtodependonthewaterpumptothewaterpumpsystemenergyconservationefficiencythecontrolmodeandtheVWVuseproportionbutdifferent,whetherthereisthegeneralVWVcontrolmodesectionspeedchange(SP)andthebidirectionalvalvecontrolmode.Abovethreekindofair-conditioningsystemisthepresentbuildingairconditioningmostoftenthesystemwhichdesigns.Thecentralairconditioningcontrolalsoisthepipeline,thefitting,thevalvebodyorthevalvecentralismhypothesiscontrolfluidprovidestheairconditioning.Thereforeeffectivelycombinesthecentralairconditioningcontrolnamelytobeabletheactivecontroltoconsumeenergy,thedesignconformswiththeenergyconservationtheair-conditioningsystem.
3)变流量系统(VWV)
所谓变流量系统(VariableWaterVolume,简称VWV),是以一定的水温供应空调机以提高热源机器的效率,而以特殊的水泵来改变送水量,顺便达成节约水泵用电的功效。
变水量系统对水泵系统的节能效率依水泵的控制方式和VWV使用比例而异,一般VWV的控制方式有无段变速(SP)与双向阀控制方式。
以上三种空调系统是目前大楼空调最常被设计的系统。
中央空调控制也就是把管路、管件、阀体或阀门集中设定控制流体提供冷气。
所以有效组合中央空调控制即能有效控制耗能,设计合乎节能的空调系统。
Inrecentyears,theourcountrymajorityofareas,inparticularsoutheastthecoastalareasummertheairconditioningenergyconsumptionsuddenlywasrising,theairconditioninguseselectricitythetendencywhichincreasessharplytocausetheelectricalnetworkpowersupplytobeintense.Statisticshaveindicated,ourcountryeveryyeartheburninghotseasonairconditioningconsumedtheelectricitytooccupy1/3inrecentyearswhichtheentiresocietyuseselectricity,themassiveelectricalenergiesswallowbytheindustryandthecivilconstructionairconditioning,inparticularlarge-scaleconstructioncentralair-conditioningsystem,likeeachkindofcommercialconstruction(office,market,hospital,hotelandsoon)centralairconditioningbecauseitsspacebig,personcurrentcapacitymany,operationtimelong,managementcomplexcharacteristic,causesthemovementenergyconsumptiontobequitehigh,thecommercialconstructionairconditioningenergyconsumptionnearlyoccupiesitstotalenergyconsumption50%.Thecentralairconditioningdesigncapacityisaccordingtothebiggestloadcomputation,butinamajorpartbuildingyearonlyhasseveraldozensdaystimecentralairconditioningtobeatthebiggestloadcondition.Thecentralairconditioningcoldloadthroughoutisinduringthedynamicchange,likeeverydaysoonerorlater,eachseasoninturn,everyyearsamsara,theenvironmentandthehumanitiescondition,real-timewillbeaffectingthecentralairconditioningcoldload.General,italsogivesthegeneralenergyconservationcontroldomaintheworkerbroughtenormouslyhasdisplayedthetalentthespace.
近年来,我国大部分地区,尤其是东南沿海地区夏季空调能耗正在急剧上升,空调用电激增的趋势已引起电网供电紧张。
据统计,近年来我国每年炎热季节空调耗电已占全社会用电的三分之一,大量电能被工业和民用建筑空调所吞噬,尤其是大型建筑中央空调系统,如各类商业建筑(写字楼、商场、医院、饭店等)的中央空调由于其空间大、人流量多、运作时间长、管理复杂的特点,使得运行能耗相当高,商业建筑空调能耗几乎占其总能耗的50%。
中央空调的设计容量是按最大负荷计算的,而大部份建筑物一年中只有几十天时间中央空调处于最大负荷状态。
中央空调冷负荷始终处于动态变化之中,如每天早晚、每季交替、每年轮回、环境及人文状况,实时影响着中央空调的冷负荷。
这给中央空调的节能控制带来了严峻的课题,也给广大的节能控制领域的工作者带来了极大的施展才华的空间。
Thepowerloadgapincreases,theelectricpowersupplytenseaspectwithdifficultyobtainsinrecentyearsrelaxes.Therefore,energyconservationinparticularelectricitysaving,notonlyhasthesignificantsocialsignificancemoreovertohavetheurgentpracticalsignificance.Positivelystudiesthedevelopmentpromotiongreenenvironmentalprotectionnewairconditioningtechnologyandtheequipment,thesuppressionairconditioningenergyconsumptionincreases,hasbecomethebuildingwarmlytopassairconditioningdomainurgentandthepopularresearchtopic.Thedependencetechnologyinnovation,thesysteminnovation,theenergyconservationfallsconsumes,enhancestheenergyuseefficiency,guaranteedareleastinthe"energyconsumption,intheenvironmentalpollutionsmallest"foundation,realizesthe"energyconservationfirst,structuremanyYuan,environmentfriendly"energydevelopmentalstrategy.
电力负荷缺口增大,电力供应紧张局面近几年难以得到缓和。
因此,节能尤其是节电,不仅具有重大的社会意义而且具有迫切的现实意义。
积极研究开发推广绿色环保新型空调技术和设备,抑制空调能耗增加,已成为建筑暖通空调领域一个迫切而热门的研究课题。
依靠技术创新、体制创新,节能降耗,提高能源利用效率,保证在"能源消耗最少,环境污染最小"的基础上,实现"节能优先,结构多元,环境友好"的能源发展战略。
Inourtelecommunicationproduction,airconditioningenergyconservationsupervisoryworkweaker,theenergywastephenomenonisserious,thereforestrengthensairconditioningthemaintenancemanagementandthetechnologicaltransformations,mayachievetheenergyconservationthegoal.
在我们电信生产中,空调的节能管理工作较为薄弱,能源浪费现象较为严重,所以加强空调的维护管理和技术改造,可以达到节能的目的。
从空调的压焓图来看,只有运行在在最佳的工况和条件,才能发挥空调的最大制冷量,达到空调节能的目的。
空调的节能,我们维护部门应该从运行成本、维护保养方面的角度进行考虑。
2.Airconditioningenergyconservationsystemresearchsurvey
1)Throughtheloadcontrol,achievestheenergycon