动词非谓语老师版.docx

动词非谓语老师版.docx

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动词非谓语老师版

动词非谓语语法指导

一、不定式

1.动词不定式构成

不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“nottodo”。

Jack’steacheraskedhimtoturnoffthelightsafterclass.

ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.我经过的时候她假装没有看见。

2.不定式的用法

不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的特征，在句中做主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语

●动词不定式可以直接做主语，但在英语中，常用it作形式主语。

句式结构“Itis+adj（+for/ofsb.）+todosth.”

●当复合宾语是不定式时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。

句型结构：

believe，feel

主语++it形容词或名词+todo

find，make

TheInternetmakesiteasytogetmuchinformationinashorttime

因特网使（我们）很容易在短时间内获得很多信息

判断在以下句中不定式作的成分

①Itisimpolitetospeaktooldpeoplelikethat主语

②Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?

宾语

③Ithinkitinterestingtoplayfootballwhileitissnowinghard宾语

④Wearetalkingabouthowtosolvetheproblem宾语

⑤Mr.WhitepersuadedTomnotsmokeanymore宾语补足语

⑥Hisdreamistobeadoctor表语

⑦LiuYangisthefirstChinesewomanastronauttoenterthespace定语

⑧Toarrivethereontime,Igotuponehourearlierthanusual状语

★注意：

too...to,onlyto接不定式做结果状语

“too....to...”“意为太……一致不……”，不定式具否定意义。

Itistoodifficulttounderstand.这太难了以致不能理解

Hearrivedtoolatetocatchthetrain他到得太晚了，（结果）没有赶上火车

·“onlyto...”意为“结果...”

Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet他搬起石头（结果）砸到自己脚

构成“形容词加不定时”结构

下列描述情感的形容词常用于“形容词+不定式”这一结构：

afraidanxiouscarefulcertaineagerhappyimpossibleluckypleasedrightstupidsurewrong

We’reluckytobehavingsuchgoodweather有这么好的天气我们真幸运

Iamanxioustoknowtheresultsoftheexam我十分迫切地想知道考试的结果

构成“疑问词加不定式”的结构

起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。

Hedidn’tknowwhattosay（宾语）他不知道该做什么

Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.（主语）重要的是该如何解决这个问题

Myquestioniswhentostart（表语）我的问题是什么时候出发

疑问句why常直接与不带to的不定式连用

Whynotdosth?

（为什么不，为何不）

Whydosth?

（为什么要，干嘛要）

Whynothavearest？

为什么不休息一会儿？

Whynotsendmeane-mail?

为何不给我发个电子邮件？

Whybringthatcupagain?

为什么又把那杯子带来了？

二、动名词

1.动名词的构成

动名词由动词加-ing构成，使之具有名词一部分的功能和特性。

其否定形式为“not+动名词”

Collectingstampsismyhobby集邮是我的爱好

Parkingisnotallowedonthisstreet这条街上不允许停车

主动形式

被动形式

一般式

doing

beingdone

完成式

havingdone

havingbeendone

例句：

Youcan’teatanythingbeforebeingoperatedon. 

Idon'trememberhavingtoldyouthesecret.

Havingbeencriticizedtoday,hewassosad.

2.动名词的用法：

在句中作主语、宾语、表语

判断在以下句中动名词作的成分

①Ilookforwardtoreceivingyourletter.Son.宾语

②Herjobisteaching.表语

③Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusinessmen.主语

★注意

1.一些动词短语中的“to”是介词而不是不定式符号，这类短语有：

lookforwardto盼望payattentionto注意beusedto习惯于

makeacontributionto对...做贡献prefer...to..喜欢...不喜欢...

Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou我盼望受到你的信

Heisusedtogettingupearly他习惯于早起

IpreferwatchingTVtogoingtothecinema我喜欢看电视，不喜欢看电影

2.动名词的惯用语

（1）

nousegood

Itisnotanyuse/good+doing意为“做...没用”

useless

（2）havedifficultindoing

Wehadgreatdifficulty（in）solvingtheproblem我们在解决这一问题时碰到了大难题

（3）haveagoodtimedoing

Wehadagoodtieplayinggamestogether我们一起玩游戏玩得很开心

部分动名词和不定式结构在意义上的区别

试分析如下词组区别

forgettodoforgetdoing

remembertodorememberdoing

stoptodostopdoing

goontodogoondoing

meantodomeandoing

trytodotrydoing

regrettodoregretdoing

三、分词

1.分词的构成

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。

现在分词由“原形动词加-ing”构成，现在分词表示主动，伴随；进行；

过去分词由“动词+-ed”构成。

过去分词表示被动或者过去。

Ifoundabeggarstandinginfrontofthedoor.我发此案一个乞丐站在门口。

Theshophasremainedshutforaweek..这家商店关门一周了。

Afrighteningdogissittingatthedoor一条令人害怕的狗坐在门口

Afrightenedboyiscrying一个受惊吓的男孩在哭

2.分词的用法：

在句中作定语、状语、补语、表语、宾语补足语

判断以下动词的分词形式在句中的成分

①Frightenedbythenoiseoutside,thelittlegirldarednotsleepinherbedroom状语

②Hefelloffthebike,breakinghisleftleg状语

③Whoweretheguestsinvitedtoyourpartylastnight?

定语

④Thestoryisveryinterestingandencouraging表语

⑤Youshouldmakeyourselfunderstood宾补

⑥Mymotherkeptmeworkingalltheweek宾补

★注意：

1.make,have等几个动词接宾语补足语的情况

make

have

get

let

leave

makesb.dosth.

havesb.dosth.

getsb.todosth.

letsb.do

leavesb.todosth.

make+sb.done

havesb/sthdone

getsb.done

leavesb.done

makesb.doing

havesb.doing

leavesb.doing

2.不带to的不定式

seesb.dosth.等

（1）感官动词和使役动词后用不带to的不定式做宾语补足语

一“感”：

feel

二“听”hear，listento

三“使役”make，let，have

四“看”see,lookat,watch,notice

feel/hear/listento/

主语+make/let/have/+宾语+dosth

see/lookat/watch/notice

不带to的不定式做宾语补足语表示宾语是施动者，与宾语有主谓关系。

Theymadetheboygotobedearly他们让那男孩早早睡觉

IwouldhaveyouknowthatIamill我要让你知道我病了

Lethimdoit让让做吧

Wefeelhouseshake我们感觉房子在摇晃

Ioftenhearhimsingthesong我常听他唱歌

Let’slistentohimtalkaboutit咱们听他谈吧

Don’tmakemestudyallday别让我整天学习

Letmehavealookatit.让我瞧瞧

Didyouseethethiefrunaway?

你看到小偷逃走吗

Lookattheboyrun看着那男孩跑

Theywatchedthesunsinkintothesea他们看着太阳落入海里

Didyounoticemeleavethehouse?

你发觉我离开那房子吗？

]这些句子如果变成被动结构时都必须带to

Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.

Shewasmadetostudyallday.

Thethiefwasseentorunaway.

动词的非谓语练习

单选：

1.Theheavysnowstormmadethemountainclimbershalfway.

AstopBtostopCstoppingDstopped

2.AllthechildrenlikeMr.Whiteverymuchbecauseheoftenmakesthem.

AlaughedBlaughClaughingDtolaugh

3.-----IsWeiFanggoodatsinging?

-----Yes,sheis.Weoftenhearherinthenextroom.

AtosingBsingsCsingDsang

4.Wouldyoupleasethewindow?

It’stoocoldoutside

AopenBopeningCnotopenDnottoopen

5.CouldyoutellmetheInternet?

AhowtosearchBhowsearchChowcanIsearchDhowsearching

6.----Thisphysicsproblemistoodifficult.Canyoushowme,George?

-----Sure.

AwhattoworkoutBtoworkitout

ChowtoworkitoutDhowtoworkoutit

7.-----Ihopeyoumypartynextweekend

----OK,I.

Atocometo;willBcometo;willCcancometo;amDcancometo;will

8.Mygrandfatherwantsaroundtheworldbecauseheenjoysnewplaces.

Atraveling;seeingBtotravel;tosee

Ctotravel;seeingDtraveling;tosee

9.Ifeveryonemakesacontributiontheenvironment,outcountrywillbecomemorebeautiful.

AtoprotectBinprotectingCtoprotectingDforprotecting

10.-----Hello,mynameisJohnson.Ibelieveyouhavearoomforme.

------Johnson?

Oh,yes,MrJohnson.It’sRoom1201,onthesecondfloor.

AlookedBwaitedCcleannedDbooked

11.----Whyareyoulate?

------Mybikebrokedown.Ihadit.ArepairedBrepairsCrepairDrepairing

12.ManystudentsenjoythebookHarryPotterbyJKRowling

AwrittenBwaswrittenCwroteDwaswriting

1.“Don’talwaysmakeMichaelthisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy”MrBushsaidtohiswife

AdoBtodoCdoesDdid

2.-----Hi,Peter.Whyareyouinsuchahurry?

-------the7:

30train

ACatchBTocatchCCatchingDCaught

3.OurteacherdidwhatshecoulduswithEnglish

AhelpBhelpedChelpingDtohelp

4.Jackseemslikeagoodstudent

Heisalwaysthefirsthiswork

AfinishesBfinishingCfinishedDtofinish

5.Hewastooexcited.

AspeakBtospeakCnottospeakDspeaking

6.Thegirlwasmadeherhomeworkallday

AdoBtodoCtodoingDtobedoing

7.------Didyouhaveanyonethetrees?

-------Yes,Ihadthetrees

Atowater;waterBtowater;watered

Cwater;tobewateredDwater;watered

8.Tracycan’tplaythematchnow.Pleaseinstead,

AhaveLilydoitBhaveLilytodoit

CmakeLilytodoitDletLilytodoit.

9.Mikeisaverycarelessman.Hiscarelessnesshimlosehisjob

AhelpedBdeservesChelpsDmade

10.Seethedarkclouds?

Itislikelysoon

AtorainVrainedCrainingDwouldrain

11.------IsawBettygotoUncleBobhomejustnow

-------Yes,she’softenseentheoldmawithhishousework

AhelpBtohelpChelpsDhelped

12.Apolicemansawtwothievesagirl’smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce

AtostealBstealingCstoleDstolen

13.CathylikesEnglishverymuch.ShedoesherbestEnglish

AtolearnBlearnClearningDoflearning

14.★Wehavetworooms,butIcan’tdecide

Atolive;tochoosewhichoneBlived;choosewhichone

Ctolivein;whichonetochooseDlive;whichone

15.Mr.SmiththeInternet.HewantstofindouttodoonHainanIsland.

Alooksat;howBlookedat;when

Cislookingat;whatDhaslookedat;where

16.Ireallydon’tknowaboutit

AwhattodoBhowtodoCtodowhatDhowcanIdo

17.★Didyoutellhim?

AwhattodoitBwhentostartChowwillyoudoitDwherehegoes

18.-----Hi,Tom!

CanyoutellmewhenforLondon?

-----Yes,tomorrowafternoon.

AleavingBleavesCtoleaveDareyouleaving

19.-----Doyouoftenhavesomeoneyourclothes?

------Yes,Ioftenhavethem.

Awash;towashBtowash;washedCwashed;washDwash;washed

20.WouldyoumindmehowEnglishwords?

Atell;torememberBtelling;remember

Ctelling;torememberDtell;remember

21.Lucyisinterestedin.

AlistentomusicBlisteningmusicCflyingkitesDreadbookes

22.-----DoyoustillremembermesomewhereinShanghai?

-----Yes,ofcourse.Twoyearsago.

AtoseeBseeCseeingDsaw

23.Mr.Greenkeptontheplayersteamwork

Aasking;torememberBasking;remembering

Ctoask;rememberingDtoask;toremember

24.MyjobisyouJapanese

AteachBteachingCteachesDtaught

25.-----Doyoufeellikeorshallwegobybus?

--------Iprefertowalk,butwehaveataxi,fortimeisshort

Awalking;totakeBtowalk;takeCwalking;takenDtowalk;took

26.Oliverwassobusyanovelthathetohavedinner.

Areading;forgetsBtoread;forgetsCtoread;forgotDreading;forgot

27.Haveyoufinishedthenoticeontheblackboard?

AwrittenBwroteCwritingDtowrite

28.Theyoungladywatchedherdaughterayo-yoyesterdayafternoon.

AtoplaywithBplayingwithCtoplayDpl