北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试511.docx
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北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试511
北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试
2013.5.11
PartⅠReadingComprehension(30%)
Directions:
Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedsomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswersheet。
Passage1
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Isthat6a.m.workoutgettinginthewayofgoodsleep?
Don’tthinkyourfatcellswon’tnotice.AnewstudypublishedinTheAnnalsofInternalMedicine(amedicaljournal)findsthatinadequateshut-eyehasaharmfuleffectonfatcells,reducingtheirabilitytorespondtoinsulin(胰岛素)byabout30percent.Overthelong-term,thisdecreasedresponsecouldsetthestagefortype-2diabetes(amedicalconditioninwhichsomeonehastoomuchsugarinhisorherblood),fattyliverdiseaseandweightgain.
Thestudyaddstoagrowingbodyofevidencethatthere’s“anintimaterelationshipbetweentheamountofsleepwegetandourabilitytomaintainagood,healthybodyweight,”sayssleepexpertHeleneEmsellem,directoroftheCenterforSleepandWakeDisordersinChevyChase,Maryland.(76)ButAmericansdon’tseemtobegettingthemessagethatweneedseventoninehourspernight.Morethan1in5ofus,accordingtoareportfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,isgettingsixorfewerhoursofsleeppernight,onaverage.
SohowdidresearchersstudyfatcellsintheAnnalspaper?
MatthewBradyoftheUniversityofChicagoandagroupofcolleaguesselectedandpersuadedsevenvolunteerstotakepartintheresearchproject.Theywereallyoung,thinandhealthyandagreedtosleepforeightnightsinasleeplab.“Forfournightstheywereallowedtostayinbedfor8.5hoursanight,”saysBrady.Then,amonthlater,theycamebackforfouradditionalnights——butthistimetheywereallowedjust4.5hoursofsleeppernight.Andaftereachvisit,researchersgotasampleoftheirfat.(77)Bradyexplainsthatthefatcellsrespondedsignificantlytothelossofsleep.“Iwasverysurprisedtobehonest,”hesays.
Badthingscanhappenwhenfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin.“Fatcellsareactuallyyourfriend,”hesays.“They’retheretostorelipids(血脂).”Whenlipidsstayinsidethecells,yourbodycanutilizethefatwhenyou’reexercisingorsleepingorgoingaboutyourday.“However,whenfatcellsstarttobecomeinsulinresistant,thelipidsstarttoleachoutofthefatcellsandriseinthebloodstream,”Bradysays.
1.Accordingtothepassage,lackofsleepforalongwhilecanprobablyleadtoallofthefollowingEXCEPT_____.
A.heartdiseaseB.weightgainC.diabetesD.liverdisease
2.Themainideaofthethirdparagraphis_____
A.howtowriteamedicalresearchpaper
B.howtoavoidsleeploss
C.howtheresearchwasconducted
D.howtoconductamedicalexperiment
3.Whatdoesthe“leach”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?
A.Leap.B.Lead.C.Lean.D.Leak.
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Wewillbeintroubleifourfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin.
B.Moreandmorestudiesaredonetostudythelindbetweensleepandweight.
C.Morethan20%ofAmericansarenotgettingenoughsleep.
D.Fatcellsaretheretohelpusmaintainagoodhealth.
5.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?
A.PoorSleepMayLeadtoTooMuchStoredFatandDisease
B.SleepExpertsHadExcitingFindingsinaFatStudy
C.AmericansShouldHaveMoreThanSixHoursofSleep
D.BadThingsHappenifFatCellsBecomeOurFriend
Passage2
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Thetopoftheworldisawonderland.Inwinter,thetemperatureoftenfallsto-30°Fandthesunneverrises.Theoceanissurroundedbyfrozenground.Therearefewpeopleortrees,buttopolarbears,theArctic(北极)ishome.
(78)Polarbearshavethickfur,bigpawsandotherfeaturesthatmakethemwellpreparedforlifeintheirtoughenvironment.Infact,theyneedtheArcticseaiceforsurvival.Butclimatechangeiscausinglargerareasofsummerseaicetomelt(融化).Expertssaythatifwarmingpatternscontinue,theArcticcouldbefreeofsummerseaiceby2050.Thatmaycausetwo-thirdsoftheworld's20,000polarbearstobegonebythentoo.
Polarbearscan'tsurviveforlongonland.Sealsaretheirmainsourceoffood.Theonlyplacewherepolarbearscanhuntsealsisontheice.(79)Althoughthesebearsarestrongswimmers,theyarenomatchforlightningswiftsealsinthewater.Apolarbearhasbrilliantlycleverstrategiestoovercomethisdisadvantage.Inwinterthebearwaitsmotionlessbesideaseal'sbreathinghole,whichisanarrowtunnelthroughtheice.Oftenmanyhourspassbeforethesealcomesupforairandthebearkillsitwithapowerfulblowofitspaw.Insummer,thepolarbearsthatliveonlandeatverylittleandwaitfortheseaicetoreturn.
Withtheseaiceforminglaterintheyearandmeltingearlier,polarbearsdonothaveenoughopportunitytohuntandeat.Lessseaicemakesitharderforthebearstocatchtheseals.Thebearsmustswimlongerdistancesbetweenicepacks(大片浮冰),andtheycan'talwaysmakeit.Theiceisalsogettingthinner.Theseconditionscancausepolar-bearcubstobecomeseparatedfromtheirmothers,whoprovidethemwithfood.
StevenAmstrupisthechiefscientistofPolarBearsInternational.Thegroupaimstosavethebearsandtheirhome."Themorepeoplewhoseepolarbearsandunderstandtheirdifficultsituation,thebetterthechancewe'llalterourwarmingpathintimetosavethem,"hesays.
6.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.ClimateChangeintheArcticB.HowtoProtecttheEnvironment
C.TheArcticIsHometoPolarBearsD.PolarBearsinDanger
7.Wheredopolarbearsusuallyhuntseals?
A.OnlandB.Inopenwater.
C.Inopeningsintheseaice.D.Atthebottomofthesea.
8.Theword"cubs"inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_____
A.adultsB.babiesC.huntersD.enemies
9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.Starvingpolarbearsareincreasinglycomingintovillages,wheretheymaybe
killedeitherforfoodorsafety.
B.Polarbearscanspendtheirentirelivesonlandiftheseaicemeltscompletely.
C.Two-thirdsoftheworld'spolarbearsmaydisappearby2050asglobalwarming
continues.
D.Thegrowingdistancebetweenicepacksisnotaproblemforpolarbears,
becausetheyareexcellentswimmers.
10.What'sthemissionofPolarBearsInternational?
A.Savingenergy.
B.Conductingscientificresearch.
C.Seekinginternationalcooperation.
D.Savingpolarbearsandtheirhome.
Passage3
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Imagineaschoolthatexpecteditsstudentstobecomeliterate(有读写能力的)withoutanyformalinstruction.Mostparentswouldbealarmedbysuchanapproach,whichwouldleavetheirchildrenconfusedandwithgapsintheirunderstanding.Thishoweverhasbeenthephilosophyoncharacterdevelopmentinmanyofourschools.Whyisthedevelopmentofcharacterseenassomehowdifferentfromtheotherskillsthatweteach?
Ofcoursetherewillalwaysbelearningbyosmosis(耳濡目染)inanyschool,butasateacherandprimaryschoolheadIhavefoundthatachild'smoralliteracyisstrengthenedwhentheyacquirethebuildingblocksofgoodcharactersuchasconsideration,courageandhonor:
qualitieswhicharecommonlyknownasvirtue(美德).
Ipersonallyfindthatexploringavirtueoveratwo-weekperiodprovidesasimpleandeffectiveprogramthatallowsforthecreativeinputofbothteacherandstudentandachanceforthevirtuetoembed(使融入)itself.Oncealessononavirtuesuchashonestyhasbeencompletedweneedtoallowtimeforchildrentopracticethisconceptjustaswouldbethecasewithfractionsorverbs.Allowingchildrentoroleplayasituationsuchasmakingupexcusestocoveramistakecanbeenormouslyinteresting,andthedramacanbefrozenallowingthecharacterstobequestionedabouttheirfeelingsandmovies.(80)It’salsoasafewayforchildrentoexperienceforthemselveshowalieusuallygoesoutofcontrol.
Ourroleaseducatorsisalsotolookforopportunitiestohelpourstudentsastheyattempttostrengthentheircharacters.Whensomethinggoeswrongweguidetheyoungpersontothevirtuethatwillpreventitfromhappeningagain.Forinstance,whenastudentthoughtlesslydisturbsthecalmatmosphereofthelibrary,insteadofaresponsesuchas,"thatwasreallydisrespectfulandselfishofyou!
"wedrawoutfromthemtherequiredvirtue:
"Whenyou'rewalkingthroughthelibrary,whatvirtuesdoyouneedtouse?
"
11.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Teachingmoralsandvalueshasbeenafrequentlydiscussedtopicinthepastfewyears.
B.Theauthorandhisstaffembedvirtuesintolessonsandschoollifetoencouragecharacterdevelopmentinchildren.
C.Kidsthroughoutthepopulationfacethesameneeds,thesamechallenges,andthesamerealitiesintheirlives.
D.RoleplaysareanexcellentwayofgettingstudentstopracticetheirEnglish.
12.Wecaninferfromthefirstparagraphthat_.
A.theretendstobedisagreementaboutwhatcharactereducationis
B.mostparentsarenotsatisfiedwiththeteachingmethodsadoptedinschools
C.theapproachtocharactereducationisgenerallyconsidereddifferentfromtheapproachestootherskills
D.moreandmoreschoolsareadoptingstrategiestoimproveschoolattendance
13.Theword"philosophy"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_
A.studyB.subjectC.viewpointD.investigation
14.Theauthorisa_____