中国的经济.docx

中国的经济.docx

《中国的经济.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中国的经济.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

中国的经济

China'sEconomy

中国的经济

China'seconomyheldthelineongrowthin1999,mainlywithgovernmentassistance,astheeconomycontinuestosufferfromtheeffectsofmassive,andaccelerating,restructuring.Thecomingyearcouldseesomeimprovement,thoughtheeconomyislikelytoremainunder stressastherestructuringintensifiesoverthenextthreetofiveyears.

   Large-scalejoblossandglutsofconsumergoodsarestilldampeningdemand,butdeflationhasbeguntoflattenout.RecoveryintherestofAsiahelpedkeepexportsstrong,thoughforeigninvestmentdipped（seeTradeandForeignDirectInvestment）.

   China'spreparationstoentertheWorldTradeOrganization（WTO）willacceleratethepaceofthetoughestreformsyetinagriculture,thestate-ownedsector,andbanking,amongothers.EconomicperformancedependsinlargepartonhowwellChinaimplementsthesereformsandonnon-statesectorgrowth.Foreignfirmsarealsolikelytoseethesereformsascrucial,asWTOimplementationisdeeplyentwinedwiththeseissues.

Notes

holdtheline坚持下去,保持不变

assistancen.协助,援助

suffer（from）vi.受损失，受害

massivea.大规模的，大量的

restructurevt.更改结构,调整,改组

stressn.重压,压力,重点

large-scalejobloss大规模失业

glutsofconsumergoods消费品供应过剩

glutn.供应过剩；充斥

dampenvt.抑制，压抑

demandn.需求（量）,需要

deflationn.通货紧缩,物价低廉

flatten（out）vi.变平,变单调

recoveryn.恢复,复苏

foreigninvestment外国投资

dipvi.轻微下降（通常是暂时的）

toughestreform最艰难的改革

toughadj.强硬的,艰苦的,坚强的

state-ownedsector国有部门（行业）

performancen.成就，表现

implementvt.贯彻，实现，执行

non-statesector非国有部门（行业）

crucialadj.至关紧要的

entwined（with）vi.缠绕，纠缠在一起

issuen.论点,问题

OVERALLECONOMICPERFORMANCEIN1999

1999年度经济成就

GDPChina'sGDPgrewslightlymorethan7percentin1999,thanksonlytothegovernment'songoingstimulusprogram.WithotherAsiancountriesrecovering,China'sprobableWTOaccessionthisyear,andanewdrivetoboosttheprivatesector,however,boththeChinesegovernmentandoutsideanalystspredictslightlystrongergrowth-around7.5percent-in2000.

   InvestmentInvestmentinfixedassetsrose7.8percentin1999,andisexpectedtoincreasebyanother7.8percentin2000.Muchoftheinvestmentcamefromthegovernment'sstimulusplan.

   PricesConsumerandretailpricesfellthroughout1999.Overcapacityinmanyindustrieswaschieflyresponsibleforthe27-monthdeflation,butslackdemandcausedbyconsumerworryaboutjobsecurityandeducationandhealthcostsalsoplayedarole.Manyeconomistsbelievethattheworstispast,andthatdeflationwillwanein2000.

Notes

performancen.somethingperformed;anaccomplishment完成的事；成就

GDP:

grossdomesticproduct国内生产总值

thanks（to）n.（与to连用）由于；多亏

 例：

ItwasthankstoJohnthatwewonthegame.

     多亏约翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。

ongoingstimulusprogram持续不断的刺激计划（措施）

ongoingadj.currentlytakingplace进行中的：

现在正在发生的

stimulusn.促进因素,刺激

programn.程序,纲要,计划

WTO:

worldtradeorganization世界贸易组织

accessionn.access;admittance进入；接收

driven.energy,push,oraggressiveness干劲、冲动或攻击性

boostvt.toassistinfurtherdevelopmentorprogress刺激增长：

辅助长远的发展和进步

 例：

abillintendedtoboostlocalcharities.

     一项意在刺激地方慈善事业增长的议案

privatesector:

non-statesector非国有部门，私营部门

analystn.分析家

predictvt.tostate,tellabout,ormakeknowninadvance,especiallyonthebasisofspecialknowledge预测，预知，预告

investmentn.投资

fixedassets固定资产（如厂房、机器设备等）

retailprice零售价格

overcapacityn.toogreatacapacityforproductionofcommoditiesordeliveryofservicesinrelationtoactualneed生产能力过剩：

与实际需要相比，过大的生产工业商品能力或过多的服务

   例：

theproblemofovercapacityinmanylargeindustries.

     许多大型工业存在着生产能力过剩的问题

deflationn.[Economics]apersistentdecreaseinthelevelofconsumerpricesorapersistentincreaseinthepurchasingpowerofmoneybecauseofareductioninavailablecurrencyandcredit【经济学】通货紧缩：

由于可获得货币和信贷的减少，导致消费品价格水平的持续下降或货币购买力的持续提高

slackdemand需求不旺盛

slacka.lackinginactivity;notbusy清淡的：

缺少活力的；不忙碌的

 例：

aslackseasonforthetravelbusiness.

     旅游业的淡季

jobsecurity就业保障

securityn.安全；保障

wanevi.亏缺,衰落

 OVERALLECONOMICPERFORMANCEIN1999

1999年度经济成就

MonetarypolicyChina'simpressivemoney-supplygrowthratescontinuedin1999.Deflation-fightingeffortsincludedtheissuanceofmorethan*200billion（$24.16billion）innewcurrencylastyear;theinstitutioninNovemberofataxonindividualsavingsdeposits;andanotherroundofinterestratecuts.Thegovernmentalsoincreaseditsrelianceonopen-marketoperationsin1999,aftersuspendingoperationsthroughmid-1998.ThiscouldbetheyearBeijingfurtherrelaxesitscontroloverloaninterestrates.

   FinancialreformsChinasteppedupthepaceoffinancialreformin1999andthispaceislikelytocontinuein2000.Afewofthemorehigh-profilemovesincluded:

establishingasset-managementcompaniestorelievethefourstatebanksoftheirbadloans;slightlylooseningrestrictionsonforeignparticipationincommercialbanking;grantingdomesticinsurancefirmstheabilitytoinvestinclosed-endsecuritiesfunds;andexpandingthenumberoflistedinvestmentfunds.

   Thegovernment'sbudgetwoesGovernmentrevenue,whilerisingoflate,isstillfallingfarshortofthebudget'srequirements.ThoughtheStateAdministrationofTaxationreportedthattotalrevenuewasup13.4percentin1999,taxevasionremainsaseriousproblem.ThegovernmenthasalreadyissuedbillionsofRMBinTreasurybondsbothtohelprecapitalizetheailingbanksandtostimulatethesufferingeconomy,andmoresuchoutlayswillbenecessarybeforeeitherrecovers.

   ForeigncurrencyandthevalueoftheRMBChina'sforeign-currencyreservesreached$154.68billionattheendof1999,up6.7percent.MostanalystsexpectthattheRMB'svaluewillremainrelativelystablethisyear.

   AgricultureFallingagriculturalprices,duetobumperharvests,wereresponsibleforthesmallriseinruralincomesofonly4percentin1999.Thiswaslessthanhalfoftheaverageurbanincome,whichrosemorethan9percent.RuralpovertyislikelytobeexacerbatedwhenChinajoinstheWTO-anadditional9.6millionfarmworkersareexpectedtolosetheirjobsasaresultofChinaopeningitsagriculturalmarkets.

Notes

monetarypolicy货币政策

money-supply货币供给

deflation-fighting反通货紧缩

issuancen.发行

institutionofataxonindividualsavingsdeposits对个人储蓄存款征税制度

cutvi.toreducethesize,extent,ordurationof;curtailorshorten削减：

减少…的尺寸、范围或持续时间；截短或缩短

 例：

cutapayroll;cutabudget;cutthecookingtimeinhalf.

   削减员工数；削减预算；把做饭时间缩短一半

relianceonopen-marketoperations依赖公开市场操作

suspendingoperations公开市场操作暂停

suspendvi.tocausetostopforaperiod;interrupt暂行一段时期；中断

relaxvt.使松驰，缓和

financialreforms金融改革

high-profilemoves全面的调控措施

moven.toattempttoseizecontrolof控制：

想要掌握控制权

asset-managementcompany资产管理公司

badloans不良贷款

toloosenrestrictionsonforeignparticipationincommercialbanking放松对外资机构参与商业银行业务的限制

closed-endsecuritiesfunds封闭式证券投资基金

listedinvestmentfunds上市投资基金

budget预算

revenue收入

theStateAdministrationofTaxation国家税务局

taxevasion避税

evasionn.theactoraninstanceofevading逃避，躲避，逃脱

treasurybonds国库券

torecapitalizetheailingbanks调整经营困难银行的资本结构

recapitalizevt.tochangethecapitalstructureof（acorporation）调整…的资本结构；改变（某个企业）的资本结构

ailingadj.生病的,境况不佳的

outlaysn.花费，支出，开销

averageadj.平均的

urbanincome城市收入

ruralpoverty农村贫困

exacerbatevt.恶化,剧增

SOEreform

WithmanyofthesmallerandmoreinefficientSOEsalreadyclosed,thegovernmentnowhastotacklethebehemoths,thecountry'slargestemployers.Thenumberoflaid-offSOEworkersisexpectedtohit12millionthisyear.

Thenon-statesector

   Chinahasmadeseveralmovestoencouragethenon-statesectorinrecentmonths.AsChinapreparestoentertheWTO,privatefirmsmaygainmoreopportunitiestoparticipateinthecapitalmarkets.Partsoftheservicesectormayalsobederegulated.

   EmploymentIn1999,urbanregisteredunemploymentwas3.1percent.Officialunemploymentfiguresdonotincludetheruralpopulation,thefloatingpopulation,orthemillionswhoaretechnicallyunemployed,butstillonSOEpayrolls.Independentanalystsestimatethatwhenthesepopulationsareincluded,China'sunemploymentratereachesdoubledigits.

SCENARIOSFOR2000

   WTOpreparationsaside,thePRCeconomyisfacingseveralyearsofhighunemployment,stubbornovercapacity,industrialandagriculturalrestructuring,andslowergrowththanthatoftheearly1990s.TheprospectofWTOmembershipgivesthecountry'sleadersanaddedimpetustoimplementreforms.Implementationwillbedifficult,andwillalmostcertainlymeetresistance,especiallyatthelocallevel.Nevertheless,reformwillprogress,ifslowly,andChinawillcontinueonitspathtofullintegrationwiththeworldeconomy.

Notes

SOE=state-ownedenterprises国有企业

reformn.改革

inefficientadj.效率低的,效率差的

tacklevt.应付（难事等）,处理,解决

behemothsn.巨兽,庞然大物

employern.雇主,老板

lay-offv.解雇,停止工作

laid-offSOEworkers国有企业下岗工人

capitalmarket资本市场

deregulatev.解除管制

employmentn.雇用,工作,职业

urbanregisteredunemployment城市登记失业（人数）

officialunemploymentfigures官方失业人数

ruralpopulation农村人口

floatingpopulation流动人口

payrolln.薪水册

estimatev.估计,估价,评估

doubledigits两位数

scenarion.anoutlineoramodelofanexpectedorasupposedsequenceofevents预料或期望的一系列事件的梗概或模式

stubbornadj.难应付的,难处理的

overcapacityn.toogreatacapacityforproductionofcommoditiesordeliveryofservicesinrelationtoactualneed生产能力过剩：

与实际需要相比，过大的生产工业商品能力或过多的服务

industrialandagriculturalrestructuring工农业结构调整

impetusn.推动力,促进

implementationn.执行

resistancen.反抗,抵抗,抵抗力

fullintegrationwiththeworldeconomy与世界经济全面接规.

integrationn.theactorprocessofintegrating结合的行为和过程

ChineseEconomyonFastTrack中国经济步入快车道-1

ThesizeoftheChineseeconomyislikelytoclimb,inworldrankings,fr