北师大版高一英语限制性非限制性定语从句的区别及练习.docx
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北师大版高一英语限制性非限制性定语从句的区别及练习
利用“对比法”巧学非限制性定语从句
1.关系词的选用不同
限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,关系副词when,where,why等引导,而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。
例如:
Yesterdayheboughtanewbike,whichwasmadeinShanghai.(which不可换用that)昨天他买了一辆新自行车,这自行车是上海产的。
Hedidn'tgivethereason,whichexplainedhisabsencefromthemeetingheldlastweek.(which不可换用why,因为which在定语从句中作主语,而why只能在定语从句中作状语)
2.关系词的省略不同
在限制性定语从句中,当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时,在口语中可以省略,关系副词有时也可省略。
而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。
例如:
Istillrememberthedayswespenttogetherduringthepicnic.我仍然记得我们在野餐时一起度过的日子。
(we前省略了that/which)
Ourcountryisnottheone(that)sheusedtobe.我们的国家已不再是昔日的国家了。
(that在定语从句中作表语)
Hisbrother,whomTomoftentalksaboutwithme,isgoingtoLondonnextweek.汤姆常常和我谈起的他的哥哥下周要去伦敦。
(whom不可省略)
3.从句的作用不同
限制性定语从句是对先行词起到修饰限制作用,是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,一旦省略,主句的意思就无法理解。
而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明,若将其去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。
例如:
Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(MET92)在这条黑暗的街道上,没有一个她可以向其求助的人。
Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,whichcameasasurprise.艾丽斯收到了她的老板的一份请柬,这真是件令人惊奇的事情。
4.从句的意义有所不同
先行词是普通名词时,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的意义有所不同。
例如:
Shehasadaughterwhoisateacher.她有一个当教师的女儿。
(她可能不只一个女儿)
Shehasadaughter,whoisateacher.她有一个女儿,是当教师的。
(她只有一个女儿)
5.从句所修饰的先行词有所不同
限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组;而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外,还可以是个句子。
例如:
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我曾经看过的电影中的最好的一部。
Theytalkedalotaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheycouldremember.他们谈论了一些他们能记起的人和事情。
Hewonthefirstprizeinthecontest,whichwasmorethanweexpected.他在比赛中得了一等奖,这一点真出乎我们所料。
6.标点的运用有所不同
限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后,其后不可用逗号分开;而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后,但必须用逗号和主句分开。
例如:
Whoisthegirlthatstandingunderthetree?
站在树下的那个女孩是谁?
Heisateacherofmuchknowledge,fromwhommuchcanbelearned.他是一个学识渊博的老师,从他那儿可以学到许多东西。
7.从句的语序有所不同
限制性定语从句通常用自然语序;而非限制性定语从句大多数情况下用陈述语序,少数情况下可以用倒装语序。
例如:
Togetthejobstarted,allthatweneedisyourhelp.为了使这项工作开工,我们所需要的是你的帮助。
Theycametoasmallhouse,infrontofwhichsataboy.他们来到一所房子处,房前坐着一个男孩。
Inthedistancethereisahill,onthetopofwhichstandsawhitetower.在远处有一座山,山顶上耸立着一座白塔。
8.英译汉时有所不同
译成汉语时,往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前;而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。
例如:
WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?
上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台?
Theconcert,whichwasheldlastweek,wasagreatsuccess.那场音乐会是上周举行的,获得了巨大的成功。
Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.他可能来晚。
要是那样的话我们就等等他。
9.as,which引导的非限制性定语从句的差别
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句中或句末,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于句末;as译为“正如,正像”,而which译为“这一点,这件事”;上下文语意一致时用as,不一致时用which。
例如:
Hehasgotthefirstplaceinthecontest,whichisknowntousall.他在这次竞赛中得了第一名,这一点大家都知道了。
过关练习:
请选出符合题意的最佳答案。
1.Qingdaoisabeautifulcity,____________I'llpayasix-dayvisit.
A.whichB.whereC.forwhichD.that
2.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,____________forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.(NMET2000春季高考)
A.thatB.whileC.thisD.when
3.Theyhaveasonandtwodaughters,liveinthecity.
A.allofthemB.bothofthemC.everyoneofwhomD.allofwhom
4.HelivedinLondonforthreemonths,duringtimehelearnedsomeEnglish.
A.whenB.thatC.whichD.same
5.Apersonwithhisheadinthecloudsisadreamer____________mindisnotintherealworld.
A.whoseB.thatC.ofwhomD.which
6.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,____________kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.
A.fromthatB.fromhereC.fromthereD.fromwhere
7.Luxun,for____________lifewashard,wrotealotoffamousnovels.
A.whomB.whoseC.whoD.which
8.Theystoodatthewindow,____________theycouldsee____________washappeninginthestreet.
A.where;allB.which;allC.fromwhere;whatD.fromwhich;that
9._______isquitenatural,abeginnercan'treadbookswritteninEnglishveryquickly.
A.WhatB.AsC.WhichD.It
一、限制性、非限制性定语从句的区别
3.先行词:
限制:
一般noun/pron
非限:
专有noun或受物主、指示代词修饰的noun或句子
4.关系词不同:
that,why不能引导非限
非限:
that——which;why——forwhich
Ihavetoldhimthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.
Hersonisverysmart,whichmakesherhappy.
5.关系词替代情况不同
(1).限制:
whom作宾语时可用who替代whom
非限:
whom作宾语时不能用who替代whom,Prep+whom=who
Thisistheboywhom/whoImetatthetheatre.
Ayoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,whomhewantedtoimpress.
(2).限制:
指人——that,who,whom
非限:
指人——who,whom
6.关系代词省略情况不同
限制:
关系代词作宾语时可省略(prep后不可)
非限:
所有关系词不可省略
二.as和which的选择(非限中)
Same:
都可以指代整个句子的内容,非限定语从句位于句末且as或which作主语、宾语或表语时,常可互换。
Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.
Heisanoldkindfisherman,as/whichanybodycansee.(宾语)
Different:
(1)如非限定语从句位于主句之前,只能用as。
Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
Edison,asisknowntoall,inventedtheelectriclamp.
(2)as在从句中作主语,后面常+行为v的被动式
Which在从句中作主语,后面常+行为v的主动式
AbigearthquakeoccurredinSichuanlastnight,aswasreportedonTV.
Hepassedtheexam,whichmadehisparentshappy.
(4)as常用在一些固定结构中
Asweknow/asisknowntoall/asweallcansee
Asisoftenthecase情况常常是这样Asmightbeimagined可以想象得到
Asmightbeexpected正如所预料的那样
Ashasbeenpointedout正如所指出的那样
Ashasbeensaidbefore/above正如前文所述
As(it)oftenhappens像往常一样
Shehasbeenabsentagain,as(it)oftenhappens.
(5)当which在从句中指代的是先行词本身(一个先行词)而不是主句时,不可用as代替which
Thedog,whichwesawinthestreetyeaterday,isMary’s.
四、exercises
Hisdogbecameillanddied,whichmadehimeverylonely.
Ihaven’tseensuchalovelydogasisshownonthepicture.
五、addition
先行词one/ones/anyone/those/he后关系代词用who不用that。
Onewhoisoftenlateshouldbepunished.
Theoneswhoare
Anyonewhois
Thosewhoare
Hewhois
非限制性定语从句:
1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Doyouknowtheman_______?
A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.
A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown
C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked
9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?
A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked
C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked
10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.
A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich
11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.
A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that
12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.
A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom
13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose
14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.
A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which
15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as
16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as
17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.
A.thatB.asC.whomD.what
18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.
A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim
19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.
A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels
20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.
A.themB.whichC.whomD.who
23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.
A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who
24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.
A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat
25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.
A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what
26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.
A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when
28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.
A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./
29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.
A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich
30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.
A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafter
C.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter
31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.
A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what
32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.
A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who
33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.
A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich
34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.
A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich
35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.
A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which
36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it
37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.
A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich
38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as
39.Youcandependonw