最新考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案医学类26套.docx
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最新考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案医学类26套
考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案(医学类26套)
ValetaYoung,81,aretireefromLodi,Calif.,suffersfromcongestiveheartfailureandrequiresalmostconstantmonitoring.Butshedoesn’thavetodriveanywheretogetit.Twiceadayshestepsontoaspecialelectronicscale,answersafewyesornoquestionsviapushbuttonsonasmallattachedmonitorandpressesabuttonthatsendstheinformationtoanurse’sstationinSanAntonio,Texas.“It’salmostadirectlinktomydoctor,”saysYoung,whodescribesherselfascomputerilliteratebutsaysshehasnoproblemsusingtheequipment.
Youngisnottheonlypatientwhoisdealingwithherdoctorfromadistance.Remotemonitoringisarapidlygrowingfieldinmedicaltechnology,withmorethan25firmscompetingtomeasureremotely——andtransmitbyphone,Internetorthroughtheairwaves——everythingfrompatients’heartratestohowoftentheycough.
Promptedbothbytheriseinhealth-carecostsandtheincreasingcomputerizationofhealth-careequipment,doctorsareusingremotemonitoringtotrackawideningvarietyofchronicdiseases.InMarch,St.FrancisUniversityinPittsburgh,Pa.,partneredwithacompanycalledBodyMediaonastudyinwhichruraldiabetespatientsusewirelessglucosemetersandarmbandsensorstomonitortheirdisease.Andlastfall,Yahoobeganofferingsubscriberstheabilitytocharttheirasthmaconditionsonline,usingaPDA-sizerespiratorymonitorthatmeasureslungfunctionsinrealtimeande-mailsthedatadirectlytodoctors.
Suchhomemonitoring,saysDr.GeorgeDailey,aphysicianattheScrippsClinicinSanDiego,“couldsomedayreplacelessproductivewaysthatpatientstrackchangesintheirheartrate,bloodsugar,lipidlevels,kidneyfunctionsandevenvision.”
Dr.TimothyMoore,executivevicepresidentofAlereMedical,whichproducesthesmartscalesthatYoungandmorethan10,000otherpatientsareusing,saysthatalmostanyvitalsigncould,intheory,bemonitoredfromhome.But,hewarns,thatmightnotalwaysmakegoodmedicalsense.Headvisesagainstperformingelectrocardiogramsremotely,forexample,andalthoughheacknowledgesthatremotemonitoringofblood-sugarlevelsanddiabeticulcersontheskinmayhaverealvalue,hepointsoutthattherearenotrulyindependentstudiesthatestablishthevalueofhometestingfordiabetesorasthma.
Suchstudiesareneededbecausethetechnologyisstillinitsinfancyandmedicalexpertsaredividedaboutitsvalue.Butononethingtheyallagree:
youshouldneverrelyonanyremotetestingsystemwithoutclearingitwithyourdoctor.
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(1):
本文选自Time;8/9/2004,p101-101,1/2p,2c;
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(2):
本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text1;
1.HowdoesYoungmonitorherhealthconditions?
[A]Bysteppingonanelectronicscale.
[B]Byansweringafewyesornoquestions.
[C]Byusingremotemonitoringservice.
[D]Byestablishingadirectlinktoherdoctor.
2.Whichofthefollowingisnotusedinremotemonitoring?
[A]car
[B]telephone
[C]Internet
[D]theairwaves
3.Theword“prompted”(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans________.
[A]made
[B]reminded
[C]aroused
[D]driven
4.WhyisDr.TimothyMooreagainstperformingelectrocardiogramsremotely?
[A]Becauseitisalessproductivewayofmonitoring.
[B]Becauseitdoesn‘tmakegoodmedicalsense.
[C]Becauseit‘svaluehasnotbeenprovedbyscientificstudy
[D]Becauseitisnotallowedbydoctors
5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
[A]Computerilliterateisadvisednottouseremotemonitoring.
[B]Thedevelopmentofremotemonitoringmarketisrathersluggish.
[C]Remotemonitoringismainlyusedtotrackchronicdiseases.
[D]Medicalexpertsagreeonthevalueofremotemonitoring.
答案:
CADBC
Dr.WiseYounghasnevermetthehundredsofthousandsofpeoplehehashelpedinthepast10years,andmostofthemhaveneverheardofWiseYoung.Iftheydidmeethim,however,they’dwanttoshakehishand——andtheremarkablethingaboutthatwouldbethesimplefactthatsomanyofthemcould.AllthepeopleYounghashelpedwerevictimsofspinalinjuries,andtheyowemuchofthemobilitytheyhavetodaytohislandmarkwork.
Young,51,headoftheW.M.KeckCenterforCollaborativeNeuroscienceatRutgersUniversityinNewBrunswick,N.J.,wasbornonNewYear’sDayattheprecisemidpointofthe20thcentury.Backthen,thethinkingaboutspinal-cordinjurywasstraightforward:
Whenacordisdamaged,it’sdamaged.There’snothingthatcanbedoneafteraninjurytorestorethefunctionthatwassosuddenlylost.AsamedicalstudentatStanfordUniversityandaneurosurgeonatNewYorkUniversityMedicalCenter,Youngneverhadmuchreasontoquestionthatreceivedwisdom,butin1980hebegantohavehisdoubts.Spinalcords,heknew,experienceprogressivedamageafterthey’reinjured,includingswellingandinflammation,whichmayworsentheconditionofthealreadydamagedtissue.Ifthatsecondaryinsultcouldberelievedwithdrugs,mightsomefunctionbepreserved?
Youngspentadecadelookingintothequestion,andin1990heco-ledalandmarkstudyshowingthatwhenhighdosesofasteroidknownasmethylprednisoloneareadministeredwithineighthoursofaninjury,about20%offunctioncanbesaved.Twentypercentishardlyeverything,butitcanoftenbethedifferencebetweenbreathingunassistedorrelyingonarespirator,walkingorspendingone’slifeinawheelchair.“Thisdiscoveryledtoarevolutioninneuroprotectivetherapy,”Youngsays.
Aglobalrevolution,actually.Morethan50,000peoplearoundtheworldsufferspinalinjurieseachyear,andthesedays,methylprednisoloneisthestandardtreatmentintheU.S.andmanyothercountries.ButYoungisstillnotsatisfied.Thedrugisanelixirforpeoplewhoarenewlyinjured,butthereliefitoffersisonlypartial,andmanyspinal-injuryvictimswerehurtbeforeitbecameavailable.Young’sdreamistohelpthosepeopletoo——torestorefunctionalreadylost——andtothatendheisstudyingdrugsandgrowthfactorsthatcouldimproveconductionindamagednervesorevenprodthedevelopmentofnewones.Toensurethatalltheneuralresearchersaroundtheworldpulltogether,hehascreatedtheInternationalNeurotraumaSociety,foundedtheJournalofNeuralTraumaandestablishedawebsite(carecure.rutgers.edu)thatreceivesthousandsofhitseachday.
“Thecureforspinalinjuryisgoingtobeacombinationoftherapies,”Youngsays.“It’sthemostcollaborativefieldIknow.”Perhaps.Butincreasinglyitseemsthatifthecollaboratorshadafieldgeneral,hisnamewouldbeWiseYoung.
注
(1):
本文选自Time;8/20/2001,p54;
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(2):
本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text3;
1.By“theremarkablethingaboutthatwouldbethesimplefactthatsomanyofthemcould”(Linethree,Paragraph1),theauthormeans_______________.
[A]Theremarkablethingisactuallythesimplefact.
[B]Manypeoplecoulddotheremarkablethings.
[C]Whenmeetinghim,manypeoplecoulddothesimplebutremarkablething.
[D]Theremarkablethingliesinthesimplefactthatsomanypeoplecouldshakehandswithhim.
2.Howdidpeoplethinkofthespinal-cordinjuryatthemiddleof20thcentury?
[A]pessimistic
[B]optimistic
[C]confused
[D]carefree
3.Bysaying“Twentypercentishardlyeverything”(Line3,Paragraph3),theauthoristalkingabout_____________.
[A]thedrug
[B]thefunctionoftheinjuredbody
[C]thefunctionofthedrug
[D]theinjury
4.WhywasYoungunsatisfiedwithhisachievement?
[A]Thedrugcannothelpthepeoplewhohadspinalinjuryinthepast.
[B]Histreatmentisstandard.
[C]Thedrugonlyoffershelptoasmallnumberofpeople.
[D]Thedrugonlytreatssomepartsoftheinjury.
5.Towhichofthefollowingstatementsistheauthorlikelytoagree?
[A]WiseYoungdoesnotmeetmanypeople.
[B]WhenYoungwasyoung,hedidnothavemuchreasontoaskquestions.
[C]Ifthereneedsaheadofthespinal-injuredfield,Youngmightbetherightperson.
[D]Young‘sdreamisonlytohelpthepersonswhowereinjuredatearlytimes.
答案:
DABAC
Scientistshaveknownformorethantwodecadesthatcancerisadiseaseofthegenes.SomethingscramblestheDnainsideanucleus,andsuddenly,insteadofdividinginameasuredfashion,acellbeginstocopyitselffuriously.Unlikeanordinarycell,itneverstops.Butdescribingtheprocessisn’tthesameasfiguringitout.Cancercellsaresoradicallydifferentfromnormalonesthatit’salmostimpossibletountanglethesequenceofeventsthatmadethemthatway.Soforyearsresearchershavebeenattackingtheproblembytakingnormalcellsandtryingtodeterminewhatchangeswillturnthemcancerous——alwayswithoutsuccess.
Untilnow.AccordingtoareportinthecurrentissueofNature,ateamofscientistsbasedatM.I.T.’sWhiteheadInstituteforBiomedicalResearchhasfinallymanagedtomakehumancellsmalignant——afeattheyaccomplishedwithtwodifferentcelltypesbyinsertingjustthreealteredgenesintotheirDNA.Whilethesemanipulationsweredoneonlyinlabdishesandwon’tleadtoanyimmediatetreatment,theyappeartobeacrucialstepinunderstandingthedisease.Thisisa“landmarkpaper,”wroteJonathanWeitzmanandMosheYanivofthePasteurInstituteinParis,inanaccompanyingcommentary.
Thedramaticnewresulttracesbacktoabreakthroughin1983,whentheWhitehead’sRobertWeinbergandcolleaguesshowedthatmousecellswouldbecomecancerouswhenspikedwithtwoalteredgenes.Butwhentheytriedsuchalterationsonhumancells,theydidn’twork.Sincethen,scientistshavelearnedthatmousecellsdifferfromhumancellsinanimportantrespect:
theyhavehigherlevelsofanenzymecalledtelomerase.Thatenzymekeeps