考研英语试题完美Word版.docx

考研英语试题完美Word版.docx

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考研英语试题完美Word版

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblandandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

In1924American’NationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephonepartsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workersproductivity.Indeed,thestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect”theextremelyinfluentialideathevery3tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubject’sbehavior.

Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheplant.Accordingto5oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.A（n）8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers’behavior10itself.

Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere11toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.

Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto14interpretationofwhathappened.15,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays18,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged”Hawthorneeffect”ishardtopindown.

1.[A]

affected

[B]

achieved

[C]

extracted

[D]

restored

2.[A]

at

[B]

up

[C]

with

[D]

off

3.[A]

truth

[B]

sight

[C]

act

[D]

proof

4.[A]

controversial

[B]

perplexing

[C]

mischieous

[D]

ambiguous

5.[A]

requirements

[B]

explanations

[C]

accounts

[D]

assessments

6.[A]

conclude

[B]

matter

[C]

indicate

[D]

work

7.[A]

asfaras

[B]

forfearthat

[C]

incasethat

[D]

solongas

8.[A]

awareness

[B]

expectation

[C]

sentiment

[D]

illusion

9.[A]

suitable

[B]

excessive

[C]

enough

[D]

abundant

10.[A]

about

[B]

for

[C]

on

[D]

by

11.[A]

compared

[B]

shown

[C]

subjected

[D]

conveyed

12.[A]

contraryto

[B]

consistentwith

[C]

parallelwith

[D]

pealiarto

13.[A]

evidence

[B]

guidance

[C]

implication

[D]

source

14.[A]

disputable

[B]

enlightening

[C]

reliable

[D]

misleading

15.[A]

Incontrast

[B]

Forexample

[C]

Inconsequence

[D]

Asusual

16.[A]

duty

[B]

accidentally

[C]

unpredictably

[D]

suddenly

17.[A]

failed

[B]

ceased

[C]

started

[D]

continued

18.[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

19.[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

20.[A]

breaking

[B]

climbing

[C]

surpassing

[D]

hiting

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readingthefollowingfourtexts,answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points） 

Text2

Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshaveseengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Areceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystem.MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforlyingabox.

Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletely-propertylawyersabuzztheU.S.courtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.IntheBilski,asthecaseisknown,isa“verybigdeal”,saysDennis’DCrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents.”

Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepinhtstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbentthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice.

TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthreeandthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateisweatheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling.

TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupremeCountthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactingtotheanti_patenttrendatthesupremecourt”,saysHaroleC.wegner,apartendattorneyandprofessorataeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.

26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof

[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness

[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation

[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting

[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization

27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?

[A]Itsrullingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions

[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction]

[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit

[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.

28.Theword“about-face”（Line1,Para3）mostprobablymeans

[A]lossofgoodwill

[B]increaseofhostility

[C]changeofattitude

[D]enhancementofdisnity

29.Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents

[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges

[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued

[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders

[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?

[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents

[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders

[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents

[D]Aprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatents

Text3

InhisbookTheTippingPoint,Malcolmaladuellalquesthatsocialepidemicsaredliveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformed,persuasive,orweconnect.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread.

Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplansiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“tow-stepflowofcommunication”.InformationallowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelseMarketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofpeoplewaswearing,promotingordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends.

Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon’tseemtoberequiredofall.

Theresearchers’argumentstemsfromasimpleobservingaboutsocialinfluence,withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey-whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence-eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon’tinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebringinfluentialswhoaccordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemics,byinflucencinytheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffected,musttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowithinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplethecasecadeofchangewon’tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.

Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendenciestobe.

 31.BycitingthebookTheTippingPoint,theauthorintendsto

[A]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics

[B]discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas

[C]exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics

[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials

 32.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”

[A]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems

[B]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends

[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials

[D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity

33.Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat

[A]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocial