英国文学史习题第二三部分.docx

英国文学史习题第二三部分.docx

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英国文学史习题第二三部分

Part

TheRenaissance

．Fillintheblanks.

1.The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupof_____________relationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationsof_______________.

2.____________brokeoffwiththePope,dissolvedallthemonasteriesandabbeysinthecountry,confiscatedtheirlandsandproclaimedhimselfheadof______________________.

3.TheoldEnglisharistocracyhavingbeenexterminatedinthecourseoftheWarof________,anewnobility,totallydependentonKing’spower,cometothefore.

4.AbsolutemonarchyinEnglandreacheditssummitduringthereignof__________.

5._____________wasthefirsttointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.InElizabethantime,thethreegreatestsonnetwritersareWilliamShakespeare,__________________and_________________.

6.Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,and___________aregenerallyregardedasShakespeare’sfourgreattragedies.

7.Duringthetwenty-twoyearsofhisliterarywork,Shakespeareproduced______plays,_____narrativepoemsand______sonnets.

8.TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustusisoneof______________’sbestplays.Anditishimwhomade__________theprincipalvehicleofexpressionindrama.

9._____________isoftenreferredtoasthepoets’poet.

10.PopedescribedFrancisBaconasthe___________,___________,_____________ofmankind.Bacon’sworksmaybedividedintothreeclasses,the__________,the__________,the_________works.

.FindoutthematchfromcolumnBforeachitemincolumnA.

（

）Findouttheauthorandhiswork.

AB

1.（）ThomasMorea.GorgeGreen

2.（）EdmundSpenserb.Eupheus

3.（）JohnLylyc.TheFairyQueen

4.（）Marlowed.Utopia

5.（）RobertGreenee.TheJewofMalta

（

）.TherelationshipwithHamlet.

AB

1.（）Ghosta.friend

2.（）Claudiusb.mother

3.（）QueenGertrudec.father

4.（）Horatiod.girlfriend

5.（）Poloniuse.girlfriend’sfather

6.（）Opheliaf.uncle

（

）.Thecharacterintheplay.

AB

1.（）TheMerchantofVenicea.Desdemona

2.（）AsYouLikeItb.Cordelia

3.（）Hamletc.Juliet

4.（）KingLeard.Ophelia

5.（）Othelloe.Portia

6.（）RomeoandJulietf.Rosalind

.Definetheliterarytermslistedbelow.

1.Renaissance:

1）Theword,meaning“rebirth”,iscommonlyappliedtothemovementorperiodwhichmarksthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemoderninWesternEurope.

2）Intheusualsenseoftheword,Renaissancesuggestsespeciallythe14th,15th,16th,andearly17thcenturies,thedatesdifferingfordifferentcountries.

3）（ItisbesttoregardtheRenaissanceastheresultofanewemphasisuponandanewcombinationoftendenciesandattitudesalreadyexiting,stimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents.）

ThenewhumanisticlearningresultedfromtherediscoveryofclassicalliteratureisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious,intellectualside,sinceitwastothetreasuresofclassicalcultureandtotheauthorityofclassicalwritersthatthepeopleoftheRenaissanceturnedforinspiration.

2.sonnet:

1）Itisalyricpoemof14lineswithformalrhymescheme,expressingdifferentaspectsofasinglethought,mood,orfeeling,sometimesresolvedorsummedupinthelastlinesofthepoem.

2）TheformoriginatedfrommedievalItalyinabout1230-1240,andreacheditspeakwiththeItalianpoetPetrarch.Inthefirsthalfofthe16thcentury,ThomasWyattintroducedtheItaliansonnetintoEnglandandestablishedEnglishsonnet.ThemostfamousEnglishsonnetsequencesappearedinElizabethantimes,includingSirPhilipSidney’sAstrophilandStella（1591）,EdmundSpenser’sAmoretti（1595）andShakespeare’sSonnets（1593-1598）.

3）ThetwomainformsofthesonnetarethePatrarchan,orItalian,andtheEnglish,orShakespearean.Theformerconsistsofanoctave,oreight-linestanza,andasestet,orsix-linestanza.Theoctavehastwoquatrains,rhymingabba,abba;thefirstquatrainpresentsthetheme,theseconddevelopsit.Thesestetisbuiltonafewdifferentrhymes,arrangedcddcee,cdecde,cdccdc,orcdedce;thefirstthreelinesexemplifyorreflectonthetheme,andthelastthreelinesbringthewholepoemtoaunifiedclose.PhilipSidney’ssonnetsareexcellentexamplesofthisstyleintheEnglishlanguage.

4）TheEnglishsonnetconsistsofthreequatrains,eachrhymeddifferently,withafinal,independentlyrhymedcoupletthatmakesaneffective,unifyingclimaxtothewhole.Therhymeschemeisabab,cdcd,efef,gg.

3.humanism:

1）Broadly,thistermsuggestsanyattitudewhichtendstoexaltthehumanelementsorstresstheimportanceofhumaninterests,asopposedtothesupernatural,divineelements—orasopposedtothegrosser,animalelements.

2）Inamorespecificsense,humanismsuggestsadevotiontothosestudiessupposedtopromotehumanculturemosteffectively—inparticular,thosedealingwiththelife,thought,language,andliteratureofancientGreeceandRome.InliteraryhistorythemostimportantuseofthetermistodesignatetherevivalofclassicalculturewhichaccompaniedtheRenaissance.

4.tragedy:

1）Tragedyisconcernedwiththeharshnessandapparentinjusticeoflife.

2）Itusuallyrecountsanimportantandcausallyrelatedseriesofeventsinthelifeofapersonofsignificance.Theeventswouldculminateintrialsandcatastrophesofahero,whofallsdownfrompowerandwhoseeventualdeathleadstothedownfallofothers.Oftenthehero’sfallfromhappinessisduetoaweaknessinhischaracter,aweaknesssuchastheexcessiveprideofFaustus,theoverweeningambitionofMacbeth,ortheuncontrolledjealousyofOthello,whichbringsself-destruction.

3）Thetragicactionarousedfeelingsofaweintheaudience,whooftenleavethetheatrewitharenewedsenseoftheseriousnessandsignificanceofhumanlife.Thewordcatharsisisoftenusedtodescribetheaudience’sfeelings.Itmeansthepurgingfromthemindofthefeelingsofpityandfeartheplayhasaroused.

5.essay:

1）Thetermreferstoliterarycompositiondevotedtothepresentationofthewriter’sownideasonatopicandgenerallyaddressingaparticularaspectofthesubject.Oftenbriefinscopeandinformalinstyle,theessaydiffersfromsuchformalexpositoryformsasthethesis,dissertation,ortreatise.

2）ThedevelopmentoftheformmaybeconsideredaresultoftheRenaissanceemphasisontheindividual,whichfosteredexplorationofone’sinnerselfinrelationtotheoutsideworld.

6.classicism:

1）Asacriticalterm,classicismisabodyofdoctrinethoughttobederivedfromortoreflectthequalitiesofancientGreekcriticism.Classicismstandsforcertaindefiniteideasandattitudes,mainlydrawnfromthecriticalutterancesoftheGreeksandRomansordevelopedthroughanimitationofancientartandliterature.Theseincluderestraint,restrictedscope,dominanceofreason,senseofform,unityofdesignandaim,clarity,simplicity,balance,attentiontostructureandlogicalorganization,chastenessinstyle,severityofoutline,moderation,self-control,intellectualism,decorum,respectfortradition,imitation,conservation,andgoodsense.

.Answerthefollowingquestions.

1.GiveasummaryabouttheEnglishliteratureduringtheRenaissanceperiod.

Answer:

a）EnglishliteratureintheRenaissancePeriodisusuallyregardedasthehighlightinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.InthesecondperiodofEnglishRenaissance,thatis,inElizabethanPeriod,Englishliteraturedevelopedwithagreatspeedandmadeamagnificentachievement.

b）ThegreatestandmostdistinctiveachievementofElizabethanliteratureisthedrama.Thusappearedagroupofexcellentdramatists.TheyareJohnLyly,ThomasKyd,GeorgePeele,RobertGreene,ChristopherMarlowe,WilliamShakespeare,andBenJohnson.

c）Nexttothedramaisthelyricalpoetry.Elizabethanpoetryisremarkableforitsvariety,itsfreshness,itsyouthfulness,anditsromanticfeeling.Agroupofgreatpoetsappeared,suchasThomasWyatt,HenryHoward,PhilipSidney,andEdmundSpenser.Inthattime,writingpoetrybecameafashion,andQueenElizabethherselfwasalsoapoet.

d）Besidesdramaandpoetry,therewerealsosomeprosewritings,thoughnotsomany,suchasThomasMore’sUtopia,whichmaybethoughtasthefirstliterarymasterpieceoftheEnglishRenaissance,andFrancisBacon’sEssays,whichmakestheauthoroneofthebestessayistsinEnglishliterature.

2.GiveabriefcommentonTheMerchantofVenice.

Answer:

a）OfShakespeare’searliercomedies,TheMerchantofVeniceiscertainlythemostoutstandingoneinwhichShakespearecreatestension,ambiguity,aself-consciousandself-delightingartificethatisatonceintellectuallyexcitingandemotionallyengaging.Thesophisticationderivesinpartfromtheplaybetweenhigh,outgoingromanceanddarkforcesofnegativityandhate.

b）ThetraditionalthemeoftheplayistopraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassano,toidealizePortiaasaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,andtoexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutalityoftheJew,butlater,especiallyaftertheholocaustcommittedbytheNaziGermanyduringtheSecondWorldWar,itisverydifficulttoseeShylockasaconventionalevilfigure.AndmanypeopletodaytendtoregardtheplayasasatireoftheChristianhypocrisyandtheirfalsestandardoffriendshipandlove,theircunningwaysofpursuingworldlinessandtheirunreasoningprejudiceagainstJews.

3.ReadBacon’s“OfStudies”carefully,anduseitasanexampletoillustrateBacon’swritingstyle.

Answer:

Bacon’sessaysarefamousfortheirbrevity,compactness,andpowerfulness.YetthereisanobviousstylisticchangeinhisEssays.Thesentencesint