船长面试问题及参考答案.docx
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船长面试问题及参考答案
船长面试问题及参考答案
船长是船上最重要的职位,也是个方面要求最高的职位。
船东在面试船员时对船长的考核最认真,最费时间,也是最复杂的,作为一名合格的船长,不但要求有丰富的海上工作经历、娴熟的船舶驾驶经验和技术,更要有很好的商务操作能力、领导管理能力、极佳的个人人品、强大的人格魅力和感召力。
还要勤于动脑、身体力行,在所有船员面前树立典范。
船东在进行面试时,往往提问船长的问题最多,也最复杂,考察的时间也最长。
提问船长的问题涉及到国际安全管理规则、安全管理体系、船长资历、船舶管理、各种具体商务和技术问题等等。
下面收集了一部分面试试题,供广大面试船长参考。
其中部分问题,不但船长必备,其他干部船员,尤其是大副也必须看,轮机长也应该参考一下。
1.Canyoutellmeaboutyoureducationalbackground?
实事求是,最好告诉人家在某个学校学了多长时间,最好也要告诉人家你接受某些社会培训的情况,谦虚好学毕竟是一个美德嘛。
Pleaserefertoamaster'sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.
2.Whatisaclassificationsociety?
Whatisthepurposeofclassification
survey?
Pleaselistsomefamousclassificationsocietiesintheword.
Aclassificationsocietyisusuallyanindependentorganizationthatcarriesoutclassificationsurveys,statutorysurveys,surveysrelatedtoanotarymattersforships,offshoreinstallations,marinefreightcontainers,materials
andmarineequipments.Italsoprovidessafetymanagemencertificationservices
toshippingcompaniesandtheirships.Thepurposeofclassificationsurveyistoevaluatethesituationofashipandthemanagementofacompanyanditsship.
Someofthefamousclassificationsocietiesare:
NK(Japanese日本海事协会),
CCS(Chinese),ABS(American),DNV(Norwegian),SL(BritishLloyd英国劳氏),GL
(GermanLloyd德国劳氏),KR(Korea),RINA(意大利船级社).
3.Canyoutalkaboutthepreviousvesselsyouworkedonboard?
实事求是,若没有做过,千万不要伪造。
并且服务簿、书面简历以及你自己口头介绍的资历的内容一定要一致,特别是时间、船型、航区、吨位、船员情况、外派公司、船东及租船公司情况,因为你是船长,应该对自己管理的船有非常深的印象。
Pleaserefertoanmaster'sself-introductioninPartOneofthisbook.
4.Whattypeofcargowascarriedonboardyourlastvessel?
曾经在什么船上工作过,运过什么货物也是船东非常关心的问题,因为船东在考虑把他的一条船交给你时,对你是否运过某种他们的船舶载的货物非常关键。
因为你只有运过某种货物,才对这种货物的特性、装卸时需要注意的事项、运输途中需要注意的事项有所了解和经验。
其实,你如果运过某些货物,你也应该说出来。
下面提供几种货物的名称,供参考:
Bulkcargocement,cementclicker,nickel,ore,iron,sand,phosphorus,potashinbulk,salt,grain,petcoke,coaletc.,
Generalcargo:
vehicle,loader,wagon,heavylifts,over-lengthcargo,mineequipment,steelconstructionmaterial.Other:
Log,plywood,container,andso
on.
5.Whenwasyourlastvesseltradingarea,whichportshaveyoucalled?
IhaverichexperieneeincallingtheportsintheUS,somedevelopingcountriesandinthepassagethroughtheSuezCanal,PanamaCanalandDenverStrait,andDenmarkStrait.
Someusefulexpressionsfortradingareas:
全球航线ocean-going,worldwidely,globally‘worldwide;固定航线fixedroute.
6.CanyoutellmethedifferencesbetweentheChinesestatesownedshippingcompaniesandforeignshippingcompanies?
Basically,inmyopinion,therearenotbigdifferencesatall.Itseemstomethatforeignownersaremoreconcernedaboutthemaster'soverridingauthority
onboardwhiletheChineseshippingcompaniestendtoasktheirlocalagentstodomoreforthevessel.AnothermajordiffereneebetweenthemisthattheSafetyManagementSystemoftheChinesecompaniesisinChineseandtheworkingIanguageonboardisChinese.What'smore,mostoftheChineseownersusetheCCSforclassificationwhileforeignownersmayusedifferentclassificationsocieties.
各个国家的船公司都有自己的特点和特色。
至于您如何回答这个问题并不重要,关键是不要妄自菲薄;试想一下,如果中国的船东一无是处的话,我们中国船员的素质又会如何呢?
7.Incaseofcargodamage,forexample,beforethevesselarrivesatthedischargingport,youfindthequalityofthesurfacecargohaschanged,howwouldyouhandleit?
Ihavetolookintothereasonandvolumeofthedamagefirst,andthenI'll
contacttheownerforinstruction」ntheeventofsmallquantityofgrain,Ishalljustthrowitintotheseatoavoiddisputes.OrIwillfollowtheowner'sinstructiontocontactit'stheP&lcorrespondentorlocalagentfortheiradvice.
Ifnecessary,I'llprepareaSeaProtesttoclaimthattheshipownerandthecrewhaveexercisedtheirduediligenee.
关于货损失、方面的处理程序,各个公司都有相关的操作和程序文件,上面只是一般的处理原则。
8.HowdoyouunderstandtheMaster'soverridingauthorityunderemergencysituations?
Ifthesituationandtimepermit,theMastershouldalwaysreporttothecompany
firstbeforetakingactions.However,whentheshipisinimmediatedanger,theMastershallexercisehisoverridingauthorityandtakewhateveractionsnecessaryindealingwithanemergencysituationinordertoprotectthesafetyoftheseafarers,thecargo,thevessel,theportandtheenvironmentwithoutconsideringtoomuchthedemandsoftheshipownerandcharterer.Nevertheless,theMastershouldreporttothecompanyindetailwhathashappenedaftertheevent.
9.CanyoutellmeaboutyourexperieneeasaCaptain?
Hints:
YourexperieneemayincludesuchthingsasthedurationyouhaveworkedasaCaptain,theplacesorportsyouhavebeeneverbeento,thetypesofvesselsyouhaveserved,thetypesforcargoyouhaveeverexperieneed,themanagementstylesonthevessels,andsoon.
PleasealsorefertoChapterOneformoredetailedanswers.
10.WhatistheMaster'sStandingOrder?
ItisbasicallytheMaster'sownsetofinstructionsandordersforthevessel'soperation.Thecontentsmayincludethewatch-keepingdutiesfortheofficers,whentoaskfororderfromthemaster,theportentryprocedure,andhowtodealwithemergencysituationlikeoilpollution,fire
disaster,collision,grounding,aswellaswhentocallthemastertothe
bridge,andsoon.Forspecialvessels(tanker,LPGorcarcarriers,etc.,)thestandingordersmayhavesomemorecontents.
TheStandingOrderisnormallyfoundonthefirstpagesofDeckLogBookandintheBridgeOrderBook.Besides,somewarningsshallbeprominentlypostedonthebridgeandreadandsignedbyalldutyofficers.
11.HowdoyouunderstandtheimportaneeofkeepinggoodharmoniousrelationshipwiththeChiefEngineerandotherofficerandengineers?
WithoutharmoniousrelationshipwiththeChiefEngineerandotherofficersand
engineer,theMastercannotmanagetheshipwell.ButhowcantheMasterachieveit?
Firstofall,theMastermusthaveclosecontactwiththedepartmentheadsbecausethedailymanagementisdelegatedtothemalthoughtheMasterhimself
isresponsiblefortheoverallsafetyandpersonnelmanagement.Secondly,theMasterhimselfmustknowhisjobwellandknowwhentodowhatandhow.Thirdly,theMastershouldbeverystrictinhimselfindisciplineandbehavior.Fourthly,heshouldbefairinjobassignment,paydistributionandotherdaily
management.ButifsomeoneonboardbreakstheMaster'sorderortherulesonpurpose,theMasterwillhavetopenalizetheoffenderandcanconsiderfiringhimaccordingtotheprocedureoftheshipowner.
这是一个考验船长管理能力的问题,可能不同船长有不同的管理经验和办法,但是船东希望船长在这方面有较好的办法。
有些船长在回答这类问题时,会不假思索地说:
“I
willdismissthosewhodonotlistentome”。
我们这样的船长未免太霸道了。
上
述答案只是笔者个人见解,仅供参考。
12.Didyouhavetheexperieneeofworkingwithforeigncrews?
Yes,IhaveworkedonfourshipsofmixedcrewfromChina,ChinaTaiwan,Philippine,Vietnam,Russia,SouthKorea,Japan,BurmaandUkraine.
实事求是。
但是,外派资历外国船东很看中的事,如果你有很好的外派资历,可千万不要错过让船东知道的机会。
13.HowdoyoudifferentiatetheChinesecrewsandthePilipinocrews?
Orhow
doyoulikePilipino(Korea,Vietnamese,Indian,Burmese,Ukrainian,Russian,Britishetc.)seaman?
IhadtheexperieneeofworkingwiththeFilipinocrew.TheFilipinosaremostly
veryprofessionalandobedient.Sometimestheyarealsodemandingintermsofwages.Asawhole,theyareveryniceseafarers.
在回答这类问题时,切忌把其他国家的海员说得一无是处,如果你认为人家什么都不是的话,那么很难想象你在未来的工作中能和人家配合好。
何况,不论哪个国家、哪个文化的人都有好人和坏人。
要尽量说出人家的长处。
船员队伍本来就很国际化,在一个类似“联合国”的工作团队里,能和不同国籍的、不同文化的、不同性格的人相处,显得十分重要。
14.Canyoutellmeaboutthecompaniesyouhaveworkedfor?
Whatarethedifferencesamongthesecompanies?
ThecompanyIhaveworkedforthepasttenyearsisastate-ownedcompany.Itisagoodcompany.Butthemanagementofthecompanyisinsomeways,differentfromforeignship-ownerscompanies.
实事求是。
同样,也不希望你过多地贬低你曾经工作过的公司,因为既然你憎恨所有原来的公司,你也可能会憎恨你即将服务的新公司。
而事情往往是,在船东认为,公司和船东发生冲突时,并不见得是你公司的问题,也许是你本人就不适合在原来的公司工作。
15.Howisapassage/voyageplanmadeonboardships?
Whatmaterialsdoyou
needtorefertowhenyoumakesuchplans?
Usually,apassageplanshouldbemadebeforeanewvoyagestarts.TheMastershouldgivetheSecondOfficerthesailinginstructionandhisintentionsonthesailingroutesandbeforetheSecondOfficerpreparesthedraftplan.ThentheMasterissupposedtocheckitverycarefully.Ifsomethingwrongisfoundinthepassageplan,theMastershouldasktheSecondOfficertocorrectitimmediately.Ifnothingiswrongaboutthedraft,theplanshallberatifiedandimplemented.
WhentheSecondOfficerismakingthedraftplan,theMastershouldhelpprovidesomeimportantinformationsourcesfortheSecondOfficerpreparesthedraftplan.ThentheMasterissupposedtocheckitverycarefully.Ifsomethingwrongisfoundinthepassageplan,theMastershouldasktheSecondOfficertocorrectitimmediately.Ifnothingiswrongaboutthedraft,theplanshallberatifiedandimplemented.
WhentheSecondOfficerismakingthedraftplan,theMastershouldhelpprovidesomeimportantinformationsourcesfortheSecondOfficer,suchastheportentry
guidanee,thesailingdirections,listsoflights,tidalstreamtables,deepdraughtvesselplanningguide,theIMOshiprouteguidanee,governmentandportauthority'sregulations,pilotcharts,noticetomariner,weatherinformation,
andthevoyageplanandsoon.
TheMastershouldensurethattheplancovers“berthtoberth”areainthe
passage.AndtheMastershouldhelptheSecondOfficertoselectthebestsailingroutethatwillsavefuelandtime,andavoidbadweatherconditions.
16.CanyoudescribethepreparationproceduresbeforeenteringtheUSports?
First,