英语四级完整版真题3.docx

英语四级完整版真题3.docx

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英语四级完整版真题3

2013年06月英语四级完整版真题（第三套）

PartOne写作

PartTwo快速阅读

SurvivingtheRecession

America'srecessionbeganquietlyattheendof2007.Sincethenithasevolvedintoaglobalcrisis.Reasonablepeoplemaydisagreeaboutwhomtoblame.Financierswhowerenotascleverastheythoughttheywere?

Regulatorsfallingasleepatwork?

Consumerswhoborrowedtoomuch?

Politicianswhothoughtlesslypromotedhome-ownershipforthosewhocouldnotaffordit?

Allareguilty;andwhatamesstheyhavecreated.

Since2007Americahasshed5millionjobs.Morethan15%oftheworkforcearejoblessorunderemployed-roughly25millionworkers.Theonlyindustriesswellingtheirpayrollsarehealthcare,utilitiesandthefederalgovernment.ThevalueoflistedsharesinAmericanfirmscollapsedby57%fromitspeakinOctober2007toalowinMarchthisyear,thoughithassincebouncedbacksomewhat.Industrialproductionfellby12.8%intheyeartoMarch,theworstslidesincetheSecondWorldWar.MarkZandi,andeconomistatMoody'sEconomy,com,predictsthattherecessionwillshrinkAmerica'seconomyby3.5%intotal.Formostexecutives,thisistheworstbusinessenvironmentthey'veeverseen.

Timesaresotoughthatevenbossesaretakingpaycuts.Median（中位数的）payforchiefexecutivesofS&P500companiesfell6.8%in2008.TheoverthrownbusinessgiantsofWallStreettookthebiggestknock,withaveragepaycutsof38%andmedianbonusesofzero.Buttherewassomepainforeveryone;medianpayforchiefexecutivesofnon-financialfirmsintheS&P500fellby2.7%.

Nearlyeverybusinesshasasadtaletotell.Forexample,ArneSorenson,thepresidentofMarriotthotels,likensthecrisistothedownturnthathithisbusinessafterSeptember11th,2001.Whenthetwintowersfell,Americansstoppedtravelling.Marriotthaditsworstquarterever,withrevenuesperroomfallingby25%.Thisyear,withoutaterroristattack,thehotelindustryis"puttingthesamenumbersontheboard",saysMr.Sorenson.

Thehotelbust（不景气）,likemostbusts,wasprecededbyabreathtakingboom.Althoughmanyotherbigfirmsresistedthetemptationtoover-borrow,developersborrowedheavilyandbuiltbiggerandfancierhotelsasifthewholeworldwereplanningaholidayinLasVegas.Whenthebubbleburst,demandcollapsed.Hotelownersfoundthemselveswithahugenumberofemptyroomsevenasalotofunnecessarynewhotelswerereadytoopen.

Otherindustrieshavesufferedevenmore.Largenumbersofbuilders,propertyfirmsandretailershavegonebankrupt.AndadisasterhashitDetroit.LastyeartheAmericancarindustryhadthecapacitytomake17millionvehicles.Salesin2009couldbebarelyhalfofthat.TheBigThreeAmericancarmakers-GeneralMotors,FordandChrysler-accumulatedruinouscostsoverthepost-waryears,suchasgold-platedhealthplansandpensionsforworkerswhoretiredasyoungas48.Allthreearedesperatelyrestructuring.OnlyFordmaysurviveinitscurrentform.

Hardtimesbreedhardfeelings.FewAmericansunderstandwhatcausedtherecession.Someareseekingscapegoats（替罪羊）.Politiciansarehappytotakeadvantage.BosseshavebeensummonedtoWashingtontobescoldedonlivetelevision.Thepresidentcondemnstheirgreed.

Extravagance（奢侈）isout

Businessfolkarebendingoverbackwardstoavoidseemingextravagant.Meetingsatresortsaresuddenlyunacceptable.GoldmanSachs,aninvestmentbank,cancelledaconferenceinLasVegasatthelastminuteandrebookeditinSanFrancisco,whichcostmorebutsoundedlessfun.

Anyway,thepainwilleventuallyend.Americanbusinesswillregainitsshine.Manyfirmswilldie,butthesurvivorswillemergeleanerandstrongerthanbefore.Thefinancialsector'sshareoftheeconomywillshrink,andstayshrunkforyearstocome.Theimportanceofnon-financialfirmswillaccordinglyrise,alongwiththeirabilitytoattractthebesttalent.Americawillremainthebestplaceonearthtodobusiness,solongasBarackObamaandtheDemocratsinCongressresistthetemptationtointerferetoomuch,andsolongasorganisedlabourdoesnotoverplayitshand.

Thecrisiswillprovehugelydisruptive（破坏性的）,however.Badmanagementtechniqueswillbeexposed.Necessitywillforcetheswiftadoptionofmoreefficientones.Atthesametime,technologicalinnovation（创新）willbarelypauseforbreath-andtwobigpoliticalchangesseemlikely.

Mr.Obama'splantocurbcarbondioxide（CO2）emissions（排放）,thoughnecessary,willbefarfromcost-free,whateverhissunnyspeechesonthesubjectmightsuggest.Theshifttoalow-carboneconomywillhelpsomefirms,hurtothersandrequireeveryorganisationthatusesmuchenergytorethinkhowitoperates.ItishardertopredicthowMr.Obama'sproposedreformstothefailinghealth-caresystemwillturnout.Ifhesucceedsincurbingcosts-abigif-itwouldbeahugegainforAmerica.Somebusinesseswillbenefitbutthevastbulkofthesavingswillbecapturedbyworkers,.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnthatAmerica'srecessionistheresultof_____.

A）amessyrealestatemarket

B）acombinationofcauses

C）unregulatedcompetition

D）financiers'mismanagement

2.Attheworsttime,thetotalvalueoflistedsharesinAmericanfirmsshrankby_____.

A）57%B）15%C）12.8%D）3.5%

3.AccordingtoArneSorenson,thepresidentofMarriotthotels,thecurrentrecession______.

A）wastheworsthehadeverseensinceWorldWarII

B）reducedhisrevenuestoaquarterofnormalyears

C）hithisbusinessashardasthe911terroristattack

D）spoiledhisplanstobuildmorehotelsinLasVegas

4.TheBigThreeAmericancarmakersneedrestructuringtosurvivebecause______.

A）theirproductioncapacityhasshrunktolessthanhalfofthepreviousyear

B）theirtechnologyhasfallenbehindtheircompetitors'elsewhereintheworld

C）theyhaveborrowedtooheavilyandaccumulatedtoolargeamountsofdebt

D）theycannotcopewiththeruinouscostsaccumulatedoverthepost-waryears

5.GoldmanSachs,aninvestmentbank,cancelledaconferenceinLasVegasinorderto______.

A）raiseitsefficiency

B）cutunnecessarycosts

C）avoidseemingwasteful

D）havefuninSanFrancisco

6.Theauthorofthisreportseemstobe______.

A）againsttoomuchgovernmentinterferenceintheeconomy

B）optimisticaboutObama'sefforttoreduceCO2emissions

C）interestedinpoliticalandeconomicreforms

D）concernedabouttheinterestsoftheworkforce

7.Accordingtotheauthor.Obama'splantolimitcarbondioxideemissionswill______.

A）notbenefitAmerica'sindustry

B）benefitthewholenation

C）dogoodtotheenvironment

D）bynomeansbeinexpensive

8.BecauseHarlowCurtice'sfirmwasleadingAmericaincreating"aneweconomicorder",hewasnamedbyTimemagazineas___________in1955.

9.InMarch,GeneralMotors'chiefexecutivewasfiredbyMr.Obamafor___________.

10.TheauthorisafraidthattheObamaadministrationwillendup___________America'seconomy.

PartThree十五选十

Justwhenyouhadfiguredouthowtomanagefatinyourdiet,researchersarenowwarningagainstanothercommonmealtimepitfall（陷阱）-salt.

AstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco（UCSF）,StandfordUniversityandColumbiaUniversityshowsthatevena__47__decreaseindailysaltintake（摄入）canleadtodramatichealthbenefits.Theauthors__48__anannualdropofasmanyas120000casesofheartdisease,66000__49__ofstrokeand99000heartattacks__50__byhighbloodpressureaftera3-g-per-dayreductioninsalt.

Theadvantages,notsurprisingly,weregreaterforAfricanAmericans,whoaremorelikelyto__51__highbloodpressurethanotherethnicgroups,andfortheelderly,sincebloodvesselsstiffenwithage,whichcanleadtohigherbloodpressure.

"EveryoneintheUSisconsumingsaltfarin__52__ofwhatisgoodforthem,"saysleadauthorDr.KirstenBibbins-DomingoofUCSF."Whatwearesuggestingisthatapopulation-wideefforttoreducesaltintake,even__53__willhavehealthbenefits."

Theteamconductedacomputer-basedanalysistodeterminethe__54__ofa3-g-per-dayreductioninsaltintakeonratesofheartdiseaseanddeath.Theyalsocalculatedthecostsavingsemergingfromtheamountofdiseasethatwouldbe__55__becauseoflowerbloodpressure.Theconclusion:

bycuttingsaltintakenationwide,theUScouldsave$10billionto$24billion__56__inhealthcarecosts.

PartFour短阅读

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

tofrownwhentheyreceivedpowerbillsthatroutinelytopped$200.LastSeptemberthecouplemovedintoa1500-square-foothomeinPremierGardens,asubdivisionof95"zero-energyhomes"（ZEH）justoutsidetown.Nowthey'reactuallyeagertoseetheirelectricitybills.Thegrandtotaloverthe10monthsthey'velivedinthethree-bedroomhouse:

$75.Forthepasttwomonthstheyhaven'tpaidacent.

ZEHcommunitiesaretheleadingedgeoftechnologiesthatmightsomedaycreatehousesthatproduceasmuchenergyastheyconsume.PremierGardensisoneofahalf-dozensubdivisionsinCaliforniawhereeveryhomecutspowerconsumptionby50%,mostlybyusinglow-powerappliancesandsolarpanels.

Asidefromthepanelsontheroof,PremierGardenslookslikeacommunityofconventionalhomes.Butinside,specialwindowscutpowerbillsbyblockingsolarheatinsummerandretainingindoorwarmthinwinter.

Therestoftheenergysavingscomesfromthesolarunits.Theydon'tjustfeedthehometheyserve.Iftheygeneratemorepowerthanthehomeisusing,theexcessflowsintotheutility'spowergrid（电网）.Theresidentsarebilledby"netmetering":

they