《语言学导论》复习思考题01.docx

《语言学导论》复习思考题01.docx

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《语言学导论》复习思考题01

西南大学外国语学院

《语言学导论》复习思考题01

Ⅰ.Ineachquestiontherearefourchoices.Decidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestion,orbestcompletesthesentence.WritethecorrespondingletteronyourANSWERSHEET.

1.AccordingtoNoamChomsky,languageistheproductof___A____.

A.aninnatefaculty,uniquetohumansB.communication

C.environmentalconditioningD.alloftheabove

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?

____A____.

A.Languageisjustforcommunication.

B.Languageisoneofmanywaysinwhichweexperiencetheworld.

C.Languageisasignsystem.

D.Languageisarbitraryandconventional.

3.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsabouterrorsinforeignlanguagelearninginFALSE?

_____C____.

A.Errorscannotbeavoidedinforeignlanguagelearning.

B.Errorstelltheteacherhowfartowardsthegoalthelearnerhasprogressedandconsequentlywhatremainsforhimtolearn.

C.Errorsaresomethingbadthatshouldnotbeallowedinforeignlanguagelearning.

D.Errorsprovidetheresearcherwithevidenceofhowlanguageislearnedoracquired,whatstrategiesorproceduresthelearnerisemployingishisdiscoveryofthelanguage.

4.TheEnglishlanguagehas_D_____.

A.morphemesB.syntaxC.numberagreementD.alloftheabove

5.“He”and“she”arenotexamplesofgenderagreementinEnglish,because__D___.

A.theyarepronouns

B.theyneednotagreewithotherwordsinanEnglishsentence

C.theymarkbiological/socialgender

D.bothbandcabove

6.Aphonemeis___B__.

A.thesmallestmeaningfulunitinlanguage

B.thesmallestunitinlanguage

C.thesameasanallophone

D.bothbandcabove

7.Ofthefollowing,whatarethetwotypesofphonetics___C___.

A.acousticandelectricB.arbitraryandauditory

C.articulatoryandacousticD.allophonicandallomorphic

8./ik/isatranscriptionof_____D__.

A.sickB.chickC.chicD.thick

9.TheBlackEnglishsentence“Idon'tgottadonothing”isconsideredincorrectbecause______C__.

A.itcontainsadoublenegativeandisthusinherentlyincorrect

B.itisimpossibletounderstand

C.itisnotassociatedwiththeupperclassuseofstandardEnglish

D.bothaandbabove

10.Theuseofnon-standardEnglishpersistsbecause_____C__.

A.theworkingclassisincapableofspeaking“correctly”

B.Englishisacomplicatedandthereforedifficultlanguagetomaster

C.subordinategroupsusenon-standardEnglishtopromotesolidarity

D.teachersdonotproperlystresstheimportanceofstandardEnglishinschools

11.Trueorfalse:

Chinesehasnoinflectionsforgrammaticalcase.___A___.

A.TrueB.False

12.Whatisdefinedas'thestudyofsentencestructure'?

___D___.

A.MorphologyB.SemanticsC.PhonologyD.Syntax

13.__C____referstothefactthatthereisnonecessaryorlogicalrelationshipbetweenalinguisticformanditsmeaning.______.

A.DisplacementB.creativityC.arbitrarinessD.duality

14.Thestudyofalanguageatsomepointoftimeiscalled____D____.

A.computationallinguisticsB.sociolinguistics

C.diachroniclinguisticsD.synchroniclinguistics

15.____A____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity

A.LangueB.performanceC.competenceD.parole

16.Traditionalgrammaris___B_____.

A.descriptiveB.prescriptiveC.non-Latin-basedD.wrong

17.____D__isthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsfortheirdescription,classificationandtranscription.

A.PhonologyB.PhoneticalphabetC.CorpuslinguisticsD.Phonetics

18.____C_istheminimalunitinthesoundsystemofalanguage,whichisofdistinctivevalue.

A.AllophoneB.PhoneC.PhonemeD.Morpheme

19.Whichofthefollowingfactorsdoesnothelptoidentifyaword?

___A___.

A.RelativeshortnessB.Relativeuninterruptibility

C.AminimumfreeformD.Stability

20.Speechacttheorywasinitiallydevelopedby___B____.

A.HallidayB.AustinC.SearleD.Grice

21.Thefourmajormodesofsemanticchangeare___A___.

A.extension,narrowing,elevationanddegradation

B.extension,generalization,elevationanddegradation

C.extension,narrowing,specializationanddegradation

D.extension,elevation,ameliorationanddegradation

22.Therelationbetweenthetwowords“husband”and“wife”canbedescribedas_B___.

A.gradableantonymyB.converseantonymy

C.complementaryantonymyD.synonymy

23.“friendly”isa__C_____.

A.compoundB.inflectionalwordC.derivativeD.morpheme

24.Theconstruction“honestpeople”is___C____.

A.acoordinateconstructionB.anexocentricconstruction

C.anendocentricconstructionD.animmediateconstituent

25.Theword“brunch”and“motel”are__D_____.

A.formedbyblendingB.acronyms

C.coinedbyback-formationD.clippedwords

26.Thefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isn’tit?

”is___D____.

A.directiveB.informativeC.performativeD.phatic

27.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicedbilabialstop?

___D___.

A.[m]B.[v]C.[p]D.[b]

28.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicelessaffricate?

______C_.

A.[w]B.[f]C.[]D.[]

29.Inthesentence“CanIhaveabitetodrink?

”thespeakermaynothaveaproblemwithcompetence,butwith____A__.

A.performanceB.utteranceC.syntaxD.context

30.Thephrase“Colorfulideassleepfuriously”isanexampleof___D____.

A.rapporttalk

B.indexicallanguage

C.anungrammaticalbutacceptablesentence

D.agrammaticalbutunacceptablesentence

31.Thereare____C__morphemesintheword“children’s”

A.sixB.twoC.threeD.four

32.Thewords“take”and“table”arecalled___B____becausetheycanstandasawordbythemselves.

A.inflectionalmorphemesB.freemorphemes

C.stemsD.roots

33.Identifythemorphemesintheword'unimaginative':

C

A.un-im-ag-in-at-iveB.un-imaginative

C.un-imagin-ativeD.unimagin-ative

34.Whichofthefollowingtwo-termsetsshowsthefeatureofcomplementarity?

___B____.

A.Husband/WifeB.Alive/DeadC.Hot/ColdD.White/Black

35.TheWhorfHypothesisclaimsthat_____D___.

A.languageisfullof“richpoints”,whosemeaningsaredifficulttotranslateintoanotherlanguage

B.abstracttermsareeasilytranslatable

C.accentsarepartofidentity

D.languageinfluencesculture-specificwaysofknowing

36.Thephrase‘timeisacommodity’isanexampleof___B____.

A.TheWhorfHypothesisB.Ametaphoricsystem

C.Anon-standardvarietyD.Arichpoint

37.Thelastphonemeintheword“hang”isa_____D__.

A.glottalB.palatalC.dentalD.nasal

38.Threeplacesofarticulationthatinvolvetheteethand/orthelipsare:

B

A.palatal,velar,glottalB.bilabial,labiodental,dental

C.stop,fricative,affricativeD.nasal,lateral,semivowel

39.Inthesentence'Itookmybigbrowncattothevetyesterday',whichofthefollowingdoesnotappear?

____D___.

A.AdjectiveB.PrepositionC.AdverbD.Conjunction

40.Whatisthemeaningrelationshipbetweenthetwowords“plant/grass”?

____C__.

A.HomonymyB.AntonymyC.HyponymyD.Allomorphs

41.Thesyllabicstructureoftheword“linguistics”is__B____.

A.CVCCVCCVCCB.CVCCCVCCVCC

C.CVCCVVCCVCCD.CVCVVCCVCC

42.Thephonetictranscriptionwithdiacriticsiscalled__D__.

A.broadtranscriptionB.InternationalPhoneticAlphabet

C.AmericanEnglishPronunciationD.narrowtranscription

43.TheBlackEnglishsentence“Idon'tgottadonothing”isconsideredincorrectbecause:

C

a）itcontainsadoublenegativeandisthusinherentlyincorrect

b）itisimpossibletounderstand

c）itisnotassociatedwiththeupperclassuseofstandardEnglish

d）bothaandbabove

44.Accordingtotheir___B___,wordscanclassifiedintoclosed-classandopen-classwords.

A.variabilityB.membershipC.similaritiesD.functions

45.Whenlanguageisusedto"dothings",itservesthe__D___function.

A.evocativeB.expressiveC.directiveD.performative

46."Classroom"isa__C_____.

A.freemorphemeB.derivativeC.compoundD.root.

47.Thephrase“timeisacommodity”isanexampleof___B____.

A.TheWhorfHypothesisB.Ametaphoricsystem

C.Anon-standardvarietyD.Arichpoint

48.____A___isatypeofphonologicalprocessbywhichonesoundtakesonsomeorallthecharacteristicsofaneighboringsound.

A.AssimilationB.TransformationC.Code-switchingD.interference

49.___C____referstotheuseofanativelanguagepatternorrulewhichleadstoanerrororinappropriateforminthetargetlanguage.

A.InterlanguageB.Positivetransfer

C.NegativetransferD.Overgeneralization

50.Inthesentence“Itookmybigbrowncattothevetyesterday”,whichofthefollowingdoesnotappear?

___D____.

A.AdjectiveB.PrepositionC.AdverbD.Conjunction

51.____C__isthatpartofthemeaningofwordorphrasethatrelatesittophenomenaintherealworldorinafictionalorpossibleworld.

A.ConnotationB.AffectivemeaningC.DenotationD.Sense

52.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas____C__.

A.unnaturalB.somethingtobefearedC.naturalD.abnormal

53.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“boy”canbeexpressedas__D___.

A.+human,+male,+adultB.+human,-male,+adult

C.+human,-male,-adultD.+human,+male,-adult

54.Conjunctions,preposition,pronounsandarticlescanbeclassifiedas_B___.

A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwords

C.pro-formsD.contentwords

55.Iftwosoundsareofnodistinctivevalue,butarevarietiesofthesamephoneme,theyarecalled___C___.

A.phonesB.speechsoundsC.allophonesD.morphs

56.Inthefollowingsounds,___A__isavoicedstop.

A.[b]B.[d]C.[p]D.[k]

57.“Youstandup”istransformedinto“Standup”.WhichtransformationalruleisusedaccordingtoTGGrammar?