英语高中阅读理解科普环保练习题.docx

英语高中阅读理解科普环保练习题.docx

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英语高中阅读理解科普环保练习题

英语高中阅读理解（科普环保）练习题

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

   Mytwo-andfour-year-oldboyslovetowin,whetherthey'reracingtheirbikesdownthesidewalkorjustfinishingtheirsnacks.It'struethatthosewithhighstatus,fromworldleadersandprizewinnerstoathletesandmoviestars,arepeoplewelikeandrespect.ArecentstudypublishedinNatureHumanBehaviourshowedthatweseemtohaveaninnate（天生的）preferenceforhigh-rankingpeoples—butonlyifthosepeoplearen'thurtfultowardothers.

   Researchersshowedtoddlers（aged21to31months）ascenewheretwopuppets（木偶）approachedoneanotherfromoppositesidesofastageandonebowedtolettheotherpassfirst.Askedwhichpuppettheylikedbetter,18ofthe21toddlersintheexperimentreachedforthepuppetwhohadbeenallowedtopass.Becauserespectfromothersisamarkerofstatus,thissuggeststhatchildrenhaveapreferenceforthosewithahigherstatus—evenbeforeagethree.

   However,theresultswerequitedifferentwhentwopuppetsapproachedoneanotherandoneusedforcetoknocktheotherdownbeforecontinuingtotheotherside.Inthiscase,18ofthe21toddlersreachedfortheonewhowasknockeddown.Astheresearchersconcluded,"Whenapproachingothers,veryyoungchildrencarenotonlywhowins,butalsohow."Thepreviousexperimenthasshownthattoddlersknowaboutsocialstatus,butthisexperimentwentonestepfurtherbyprovingtheyhaveanobviouspreferenceforhighstatus.Sincetheparticipantsweresoyoung,thismightevenbeaninnatehumanpreference.

   Inaword,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatyoungchildrenappreciatepeoplewhodowellwhileatthesametimedoinggoodtoothers.So,whenmyfour-year-oldthinksthathehastogethisshoesonfirst,I'llkeepremindinghimthathelpinghisbrothersotheybothfinishfasteriswhatwinningisallabout.

（1）Whatdowetendtodoaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

A.Seekchallengesallthetime.

B.Admirehigh-rankingpeople.

C.Takeadvantageofhighstatus.

D.Hurtotherswithoffensivewords.

（2）Whydidtoddlerspreferthepuppetallowedtopass?

A.Itlookedadorable.

B.Itbehavedsmartly.

C.Itseemedpolite.

D.Itwasrespected.

（3）Whatcanweinferfromthelatterstudy?

A.Slowerpeoplearebetterlovedbytoddlers.

B.Peoplenaturallydislikeunkindbehavior.

C.Toddlerscarelittleabouthighsocialstatus.

D.Beinghelpfulcontributestobeingsupported.

（4）Whatshouldwedowhenweencouragechildrentowin?

A.Instructthemtouseproperandcreativeways.

B.Advisethemtobeashardworkingaspossible.

C.Remindthemtobeconsideratetootherpeople.

D.Tellthemtotrytocooperatewithsomeoneelse.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们更倾向于喜欢和尊敬地位高而又无害于他人的人，这似乎是一种天性，即使是蹒跚学步的孩子也是如此。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“ArecentstudypublishedinNatureHumanBehaviourshowedthatweseemtohaveaninnate（天生的）preferenceforhigh-rankingpeoples—butonlyifthosepeoplearen'thurtfultowardothers.”可知，我们更倾向于敬佩那些地位高的人。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Askedwhichpuppettheylikedbetter,18ofthe21toddlersintheexperimentreachedforthepuppetwhohadbeenallowedtopass.Becauserespectfromothersisamarkerofstatus,thissuggeststhatchildrenhaveapreferenceforthosewithahigherstatus—evenbeforeagethree.”可知，蹒跚学步的孩子喜欢那个被允许通过的木偶，是因为这种行为代表着受人尊敬，孩子们更喜欢受尊敬的人。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Inthiscase,18ofthe21toddlersreachedfortheonewhowasknockeddown.和Sincetheparticipantsweresoyoung,thismightevenbeaninnatehumanpreference.”可知，孩子们会走向被撞倒的人，而由于孩子太小，甚至可能是人类与生俱来的偏好。

由此可推断出，人们天生不喜欢不友善的行为。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Inaword,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatyoungchildrenappreciatepeoplewhodowellwhileatthesametimedoinggoodtoothers.”可知，孩子欣赏那些在做好事的同时表现出色的人。

由此可推断出，我们鼓励孩子去赢的同时，提醒他们要体谅他人。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Boomerangchildrenwhoreturntolivewiththeirparentsafteruniversitycanbegoodforfamilies,leadingtocloser,moresupportiverelationshipsandincreasedcontactbetweenthegenerations,astudyhasfound.

   Thefindingscontradictresearchpublishedearlierthisyearshowingthatreturningadultchildrentriggerasignificantdeclineintheirparents'qualityoflifeandwellbeing.

   Theyoungadultstakingpartinthestudywere"morepositivethanmighthavebeenexpectedaboutmovingbackhome—theshameisreducedassomanyoftheirpeersareinthesameposition,andtheyacknowledgedthebenefitsoftheirparents'financialandemotionalsupport.Daughterswerehappierthansons,oftenslippingbackeasilyintoteenagepatternsofbehaviour,thestudyfound.

   Parentsonthewholeweremoreuncertain,expressingconcernaboutthelikelydurationofthearrangementandhowtomanageit.Buttheyacknowledgedthatthingsweredifferentforgraduatestoday,wholeaveuniversitywithhugedebtsandfewerjobopportunities.

   Thefamiliesfeaturedinthestudyweremiddle-classandtendedtoviewtheachievementofadultindependencefortheirchildrenasa"familyproject".Parentsacceptedthattheirchildrenrequiredsupportasuniversitystudentsandthenasgraduatesreturninghome,astheytriedtofindjobspayingenoughtoenablethemtomoveoutandgetonthehousingladder.

   "However",thestudysays,"day-to-daytensionsabouttheprospectsofachievingdifferentdimensionsofindependence,whichinafewextremecasescameclosetoconflict,characterisedtheexperienceofamajorityofparentsandalittleoverhalfthegraduates".

   Areasofdisagreementincludedchores,moneyandsociallife.Whileparentswerekeentohelp,theyalsowanteddifferentrelationshipsfromthosetheyhadwiththeirownparents,andcontinuingtosupporttheiradultchildrenallowedthemtoremainclose.

（1）Whatisthefindingofthepreviousresearch?

A. Boomerangchildrenmadetheirparentshappier.

B. Theparentswerelookingforwardtotheirchildren'sreturn.

C. Theparents'qualityoflifebecameworsethanbefore.

D. Boomerangchildrenneverdidanyhousework.

（2）Theunderlinedword"trigger"inParagraph2maybebestreplacedby________.

A. cause                                  B. defeat                                  C. arise                                  D. allow

（3）Whatistheattitudeofthecollegegraduatestowardsreturninghome?

A. Theyareashamedofturningtotheirparentsforhelp.

B. Theyaregladthattheycouldcomeback.

C. Theyaredoubtfulaboutwhethertheyshouldreturn.

D. Theyareproudtobeindependentfromthefamily.

（4）Whatcanbeinferredasthereasonforthe"boomerangchildren"phenomenon?

A. Thechildrenwanttokeepinclosertouchwiththeirparents.

B. Theparentsarewillingtoprovidesupporttotheirchildren.

C. Itisharderforthechildrentosecureasatisfyingjob.

D. Thereismorehouseworkneededtobedonebythechildren.

（5）Whatisthesideeffectoftheboomerangchildrenphenomenon?

A. Bothparentsandchildrenenjoyamoreharmoniousrelationship.

B. Neitherparentsnorchildrenwanttodothechoresathome.

C. Notonlyparentsbutalsochildrenwanttobeindependent.

D. Thereareoccasionalquarrelsbetweenparentsandchildren.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

（5）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项研究发现，“回巢族”子女在大学毕业后回到父母身边生活对家庭是有好处的，他们会与父母建立更亲密、更具支持性的关系，并增进两代人之间的联系。

而这一发现与今年早些时候发表的一项研究结果相矛盾，该研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著下降。

父母和孩子对于独立的紧张情绪会导致父母和子女之间偶尔的争吵。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Thefindingsdisagreewiththeresearchpublishedearlierthisyearshowingthatreturningadultchildrentriggerasignificantworseningintheirparents'qualityoflifeandwellbeing.”这一发现与今年早些时候发表的一项研究结果不一致，早些的研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著恶化。

可知，以往的研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感比之前更差，故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“Thefindingsdisagreewiththeresearchpublishedearlierthisyearshowingthatreturningadultchildrentriggerasignificantworseningintheirparents'qualityoflifeandwellbeing.”通过新旧研究对比，以往的研究表明，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著下降。

即可推理划线部分单词trigger意为“导致，致使”，与cause意义一致。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Theyoungadultstakingpartinthestudywere‘morepositivethanmighthavebeenexpected’aboutmovingbackhome–theshameisreducedassomanyoftheirfriendsareinthesameposition,andtheyacknowledgedthebenefitsoftheirparents'financialandemotionalsupport.”参与这项研究的年轻人对于搬回家“比预期的更积极”——他们的羞愧感减少了，因为他们的许多朋友都处于同样的处境，而且他们承认父母在经济和情感上的支持是有好处的。

）可知，大学毕业生对回家的态度是积极的，很高兴能够回家，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Buttheyacknowledgedthatthingsweredifferentforgraduatestoday,wholeaveuniversitywithhugedebtsandfewerjobopportunities.”但他们承认，如今的毕业生情况有所不同，他们毕业时背负着巨额债务，工作机会也更少。

由此推断出，孩子们很难找到一份满意的工作，故选C。

（5）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的"‘However’,thestudysays,‘day-to-daytensionsabouttheprospectsofachievingdifferentdimensionsofindependence,whichinafewextremecasescameclosetoconflict”可知对于实现不同层面独立前景的日常紧张情绪，是大多数家长和略多于一半毕业生经历的特征。

在少数极端情况下，这种紧张情绪接近冲突。

可知回巢族孩子现象的副作用是在少数情况下，紧张情绪会导致父母和孩子之间偶尔发生争吵。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解

   IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica-andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks,theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroyster,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.

   Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,moretha