1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本中英文可编辑.docx

1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本中英文可编辑.docx

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1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本中英文可编辑

1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本（中英文）

美国对外贸易定义》1941年修订本

《美国对外贸易定义》1941年修订本2919年美国一些商业团体制定了有关对外贸易定义的统一解释,随着贸易习惯和经营做法的演变,在1940年举行的美国第27届全国对外贸易会议上对原有定义作了修改。

1941年7月30日,美国商会、美国进口商全国理事会和全国对外贸易理事会所组成的联合委员会正式通过并采用了此项定义,并由全国对外贸易理事会发行。

在2941年修订本中,除对原产地交货Ex一pointoforigin、装运港船边交货FAS装运港交货运费在内C衣F、装运港交货运费保险费在内CIF、目的港码头交货EXC等贸易术语作了解释外，还对装运港船上交货FOB作了解释。

它把FOB分为六种类型,其中只有第五种才与国际贸易中一般通用的FOB贸易术语的含义大体相似,而其余五种FOB的含义则有明显差异。

该《定义》本身并无法律约束力，只有当买卖双方接受此项定义作为买卖合同的一个组成部分时,它才对各有关当事人产生约束力。

由于《美国对外贸易定义》对明确买卖双方权利与义务、简化贸易手续和便利合同的签订与履行等方面,具有积极意义,因此,它曾在南北美洲各国有很大的影响。

然而,由于国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则》在国际上的影响越来越大,绝大多数国际贸易从业人员都接受了《通则》的解释,美国制定《定义》的团体已同意不再继续使用该项定义

FOREIGNTRADEDEFINITIONS

ThefollowingdefinitionsoftheNationalForeignTradeCouncil,Inc.,arereproducedforinformationpurposesonly.TheyareNOTtobeconstruedaspartoftheNationalOilseedProcessorsAssociationtradingrules.TheyarereprintedthroughthecourtesyofNationalForeignTradeCouncil,Inc.,theChamberofCommerceoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,andtheNationalCouncilofAmericanImporters,IncRevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions1941

AdoptedJuly30,1941,byaJointCommitteerepresentingtheChamberofCommerceoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,theNationalCouncilofAmericanImporters,Inc.,andtheNationalForeignTradeCouncil,IncFOREWORD

SincetheissuanceofAmericanForeignTradeDefinitionsin1919.manychangesinpracticehaveoccurred.The1919Definitionsdidmuchtoclarifyandsimplifyforeigntradepractice,andreceivedwiderecognitionandusebybuyersandsellersthroughouttheworld.AttheTwenty-SeventhNationalForeignTradeConvention,1940,furtherrevisionandclarificationoftheseDefinitionswasurgedasnecessarytoassisttheforeigntraderinthehandlingofhistransactionsThefollowing

RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions?

1941arerecommendedforgeneralusebybothexportersandimporters.Thesereviseddefinitionshavenostatusatlawunlessthereisspecificlegislationprovidingforthem,orunlesstheyareconfirmedbycourtdecisions.Hence,itissuggestedthatsellersandbuyersagreetotheiracceptanceaspartofthecontractofsale.ThesereviseddefinitionswillthenbecomelegallybindinguponallpartiesInviewofchangesinpracticeandproceduresince1919,certainnewresponsibilitiesforsellersandbuyersareincludedinthesereviseddefinitions.Also,inmanyinstances,theoldresponsibilitiesaremoreclearlydefinedthaninthe1919Definitions,andthechangesshouldbebeneficialbothtosellersandbuyers.Widespreadacceptancewillleadtoagreaterstandardizationofforeigntradeprocedure,andtotheavoidanceofmuchmisunderstanding

AdoptionbyexportersandimportersoftheserevisedtermswillimpressonallpartiesconcernedtheirrespectiveresponsibilitiesandrightsGeneralNotesofCaution

1.Asforeigntradedefinitionshavebeenissuedbyorganizationsinvariouspartsoftheworld,andasthecourtsofcountrieshaveinterpretedthesedefinitionsindifferentways,itisimportantthatsellersandbuyersagreethattheircontractsaresubjecttotheRevisedAmericanForeignDefinitions?

1941andthatthevariouspointslistedareacceptedbybothparties

2.Inadditiontotheforeigntradetermslistedherein,therearetermsthatareattimesused,suchasFreeHarbor,C.l.F.&C.Cost,Insurance,Freight,andCommission,C.l.F.C.&I.Cost,Insurance,Freight,Commission,andInterest,C.l.F.LandedCost,Insurance,Freight,Landed,andothers.Noneof

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theseshouldbeusedunlesstherehasfirstbeenadefiniteunderstandingastotheexactmeaningthereof.Itisunwisetoattempttointerpretothertermsinthelightofthetermsgivenherein.Hence,wheneverpossible,oneofthetermsdefinedhereinshouldbeused

3.Itisunwisetouseabbreviationsinquotationsorincontractswhichmightbesubjecttomisunderstanding

4.Whenmakingquotations,thefamiliarterms“hundredweight”or

“ton”shouldbeavoided.Ahundredweightcanbe100poundsoftheshortton,or112poundsofthelongton.Atoncanbeashorttonof2,000pounds,orametrictonof2,204.6pounds,oralongtonof2,240pounds.Hence,thetypeofhundredweightortonshouldbeclearlystatedinquotationsandinsalesconfirmations.Also,alltermsreferringtoquantity,weight,volume,length,orsurfaceshouldbeclearlydefinedandagreedupon

5.Ifinspection,orcertificateofinspection,isrequired,itshouldbeagreed,inadvance,whetherthecostthereofisforaccountofseller

orbuyer

6.Unlessotherwiseagreedupon,allexpensesarefortheaccountofselleruptothepointatwhichthebuyermusthandlethesubsequentmovementofgoods

7.Thereareanumberofelementsinacontractthatdonotfallwithinthescopeoftheseforeigntradedefinitions.Hence,nomentionoftheseismadeherein.Sellerandbuyershouldagreetotheseseparatelywhennegotiatingcontracts.Thisparticularlyappliestoso-called“customary”practices

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DEFINITIONSOFQUOTATIONS

IEXPointofOrigin

“EXFACTORY”,“EXMILL,”“EXMINE,”

“EXPLANTATION”,“EXWAREHOUS”E,etc.namedpointoforigin

Underthisterm,thepricequotedappliesonlyatthepointoforigin,andtheselleragreestoplacethegoodsatthedisposalofthebuyerattheagreedplaceonthedateorwithintheperiodfixedUnderthisquotation:

Sellermust:

1bearallcostsandrisksofthegoodsuntilsuchtimeasthebuyerisobligedtotakedeliverythereof;

2renderthebuyer,atthebuyer'srequestandexpense,assistance

inobtainingthedocumentsissuedinthecountryoforigin,orofshipment,orofboth,whichthebuyermayrequireeitherforpurposesofexportation,orofimportationatdestinationBuyermust:

1takedeliveryofthegoodsassoonastheyhavebeenplacedathisdisposalattheagreedplaceonthedateorwithintheperiodfixed;

2payexporttaxes,orotherfeesorcharges,ifany,leviedbecauseofexportation;

3bearallcostsandrisksofthegoodsfromthetimewhenheisobligatedtotakedeliverythereof;

4payallcostsandchargesincurredinobtainingthedocumentsissuedinthecountryoforigin,orofshipment,orofboth,whichmayberequiredeitherforpurposesofexportation,orofimportationatdestinationIIF.O.B.FreeonBoard

NOTE:

Sellerandbuyershouldconsidernotonlythedefinitionsbutalsothe“CommentsonAllF.O.B.Terms”givenatendofthissection

p.A-4inordertounderstandfullytheirrespectiveresponsibilitiesandrightsundertheseveralclassesof“F.O.B.”termsIl-A“F.O.B.named

inlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofdeparture”1

Underthisterm,thepricequotedappliesonlyatinlandshippingpoint,andthesellerarrangesforloadingofthegoodson,orin,railwaycars,trucks,lighters,barges,aircraft,orotherconveyancefurnishedfortransportationUnderthisquotation:

Sellermust:

1placegoodson,orin,conveyance,ordelivertoinlandcarrierforloading;

2providecleanbillofladingorothertransportationreceipt,freightcollect;

3beresponsibleforanylossordamage,orboth,untilgoodshavebeenplacedin,oron,conveyanceatloadingpoint,andcleanbillofladingorothertransportationreceipthasbeenfurnishedbycarrier;

4renderthebuyer,atthebuyer'srequestandexpense,assistance

inobtainingdocumentsissuedinthecountryoforigin,orofshipment,orofboth,whichthebuyermayrequireeitherforpurposesofexportationorofimportationatdestination

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Buyermust:

1beresponsibleforallmovementofthegoodsfrominlandpointofloading,andpayalltransportationcosts;

2payexporttaxes,orotherfeesorcharges,ifany,leviedbecauseofexportation;

3beresponsibleforanylossordamage,orboth,incurredafterloadingatnamedinlandpointofdeparture;

4payallcostsandchargesincurredinobtainingthedocumentsissuedinthecountryoforigin,orofshipment,orofboth,whichmayberequiredeitherforpurposesofexportation,orofimportationatdestinationIl-B“F.O.B.namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofdepartureFREIGHTPREPAIDTOnamepointofexportation”1

Underthisterm,thesellerquotesapriceincludingtransportationchargestothenamedpointofexportationandprepaysfreighttonamedpointofexportation,withoutassumingresponsibilityforthegoodsafterobtainingacleanbillofladingorothertransportationreceiptatnamedinlandpointofdepartureUnderthisquotation:

Sellermust:

1assumetheseller'sobligationsasunderIl-A,exceptthatunder

2hemustprovidecleanbillofladingorothertransportationreceipt,freightprepaidtonamedpointofexportationBuyermust:

1assumethesamebuyer'sobligationsasunderIl-A,exceptthathedoesnotpayfreightfromloadingpointtonamedpointofexportation

Il-C“F.O.B.namedinlandcarrieratnamedinlandpointofdepartureFREIGHTALLOWEDTOnamedpoi”nt1

Underthisterm,thesellerquotesapriceincludingtransportationchargestothenamedpoint,shippingfreightcollectanddeductingthecostoftransportationwithoutassumingresponsibilityforthegoodsafterobtainingacleanbillofladingorothertransportationreceiptatnamedinlandpointofdepartureSellermust:

1assumethesameseller'sobligationsasunderIl-A,butdeducts

fromhisinvoicethetransportationcosttonamepointBuyermust:

1assumethesamebuyer'sobligationsasunderIl-A,including

paymentoffreightfrominlandloadingpointtonamedpoint,forwhichsellerhasmadedeductionIl-D“F.O.B.namedinlandcarrieratnamedpointofexportation”1

Underthisterm,thesellerquotesapriceincludingthecostsoftransportationofthegoodstonamedpointofexportation,bearinganylossordamage,orboth,incurreduptothatpoint1SeeNote