美国法论文终结版4.docx
《美国法论文终结版4.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《美国法论文终结版4.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
美国法论文终结版4
NANCHANGUNIVERSITY
ThetradesecretanditsprotectioninChineselaw
InstructorNicolaiNielsen
TeamShero
membersJieGao5301109005
QingLiu7102209018LijuanXie5301109039
LuZhang5301109049
YutingZhong5301109050
SchoolLawSchoolofNanchangUniversity
Class091
DateNovember30,2011
contents
ⅠAbstract2
ⅡOverviewofTradeSecrets2
a)Theconceptoftradesecret2
b)Thecharacteristicsofatradesecret2
c)Historicaldevelopment4
ⅢThespecificformofviolationoftradesecrets5
a)Bytheft,inducement,coercionorotherimpropermeanstoacquiretradesecrets5
b)Disclosure,use,orallowotherstoacquirethetradesecretswithimpropermeans5
c)Breachofcontractornon-competeviolationoftradesecrets6
d)Othermeans.6
ⅣWhatistheremedyabouttheviolationoftradesecret?
6
a)Theviolationoftradesecretsissupposedtoassumecivilliability7
b)Theviolationoftradesecretsissupposedtoassumeadministrativeresponsibilities8
c)Theviolationoftradesecretsissupposedtoassumecriminalresponsibilities9
ⅤThedeficienciesandimprovementoftheprovisionsofChineselawontradesecret11
a)Legalnormsaretooscatteredandlackoperability11
b)Elementsoftradesecretsaretoostrict.12
c)Existinglawstillhaveblankinsomerespects12
d)Itlacksclearstandardsofcivilliability12
e)Lackingofproceduralrequirements12
f)Itisnotenoughtoinvestigateandcombatviolationsoftradesecrets13
ⅥConclusion15
ⅦBibliography17
Ⅰ.Abstract
Tradesecretisplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleintoday’sinternationalcommerce,andconsideredasamajortradepartnerintheinternationaltrade.Thisarticleintroducestheconceptandcharacteristicsoftradesecrets.Italsoanalyzesthespecificformofviolationoftradesecretsandtheremedyabouttheviolationoftradesecrets;exemplifiesmodesoftradesecretsprotection;expoundschina’sstatusinthisrespect.Attheendofthearticleitprovidessomesuggestionstoperfectthislegalsystem.
Keyword:
tradesecret;infringement;illegalprotection;improvementoflegalsystem
Ⅱ.OverviewofTradeSecrets
a)Theconceptoftradesecret
Tradesecretisanintangiblebusinessproperty,Tradesecretreferstothetechnicalandbusinessinformationwhichisnotknowntothepublic,andcanbringeconomicbenefitsforitsholderandthesubjectofreasonableeffortstomaintainitssecrecy.
b)Thecharacteristicsofatradesecret
Tradesecretshaveseveralcharacteristics:
novelty,practical,valuableandconfidential.
1.Noveltyoftradesecretreferstonotgenerallyknowntothepublic.Tradesecretslegalsystemdoesnotrequiretradesecretasnoveltyaspatent,thatis,doesnotrequiretradesecretstobeunique.Americanbusinesssecretjudicialpracticejudgewhetheraso-calledcommercialsecretpossessesnoveltymainlyontwofactors:
first,thelevelofaproposedtradesecretsoutsidetheholderintheindustry;Second,thedegreeofawarenessofprofessionalsintheindustry.Aslongasthis"usedegree"and"knowdegree"isnotcommon,itcanbeconsideredtoconstitutethenoveltyofthecommercialsecret.
2.Usefulnessoftradesecretsisthatitcanbringcompetitiveadvantageandeconomicbenefitstoholders.Whetheriscompetitionadvantageoreconomicinterests,bothinrealityandpotentialtocome?
Tradesecretsmustbeusefulinsubjectivelybutnotinthecontrary.Inaddition,tradesecretsarenotsaidabouttheprinciplesandabstractconcepts.Itshouldhaveusefulspecificprogramsorinformation.
3.Tradesecretsgivethebenefitofrightstoitsholders;suchbenefitsincludenotonlytheeconomicinterestsofreality,butalsopotentialbenefits.Thevalue of tradesecretsisthemostsignificant differencewithothersecrets.Thisiswhyweshouldgivestrictprotectiontothetradesecret.Nationallegislationtoprotecttradesecretsisintendedtomaintaintheowner'seconomicinterestsandsocialandeconomicorder.
4.Theconfidentialityoftradesecretsisthetradesecretholderwillbesomeinformationassubjectivecommercialsecrets,andtaketheconfidentialityoftheobjectivemeasurestomanagement.ThisisthecoreelementsTradesecretsarenotrequiredtheconfidentialityoftheabsolutely,totally,becauseintheuseandmanagementofthecommercialsecret,acertainthresholdinpublicisinevitable.Therefore,the'tradesecret'confidentialityisrelative,
c)Historicaldevelopment
Earlyinthe1960s,InternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)hastakentheleadthetradesecretasintellectualproperty;WIPOConventionalsoimpliestheestablishmentoftradesecretsincludedtheintellectualpropertyrights.Inthe1990,theintellectualpropertyagreementwhichspecifiedthe"notopeninformation"problemtoclarifyit’sbelongtothescopeofintellectualproperty.Inlegislativesystem,commonlawcountriesgenerallyregardeditasintellectualproperty,andCivillawcountrieshavelong-termaccordingtocontractlawortortlawtheorytoprotecttradesecrets"intellectualpropertyagreementwhichspecifiedthe"notopeninformation"problem.In1993,China's'Anti-UnfairCompetitionLaw'article10providesthat:
Theso-called'tradesecretsarenotknowntothepublic,canbringeconomicbenefitstotheright,hastherighttotakepracticalandapprovedthetechnicalinformationsecuritymeasuresandmanagementinformation.”
Ⅲ.Thespecificformofviolationoftradesecrets
Accordingto thegeneralpracticeatabroad,tradesecretsviolationscanbesummarizedintofourtypes:
a)Bytheft,inducement,coercionorotherimpropermeanstoacquiretradesecrets
Undernormalcircumstances,thetheftoftradesecrets,includinginternalstafftheft,externalstafftheft,collusion theftandsoon.The inducements toobtain tradesecretsusually refertothesituationwhenpeopleprovide themastersoftradesecretswiththe propertyor otherbenefitsinordertogettradesecrets.Thecoercionoftradesecrets referstotheacttotakethethreatandcoercion,sothatotherswillbemandatoryinthecaseofprovidingtradesecrets.Otherimpropermeanstoacquiretradesecretsrefertotheaboveactsotherthanillegalmeans.Forexample,throughcommercialnegotiation,cooperation,research,development,orspyonotherpeople'sbusinesssecretsandsoon.
b)Disclosure,use,orallowotherstoacquirethetradesecretswithimpropermeans
Theso-calleddisclosurereferstothetradesecretowneroftherighttodisclosetothirdpartiesortocertainotherpeopledonotopenwhichmakingthesecretlosevalue.Usingorallowingotherstouserefertothespecificcircumstancesthattradesecretsisbeingusedillegally.
c)Breachofcontractornon-competeviolationoftradesecrets
Thissituationismainlythosewhomasterotherslegitimatebusinesssecrets,includingtheworkersofrightholdersandwhohavebusinessrelationshipswiththerightunitsandindividuals.Infringerbreachofagreementorregulations,ordisclosedtothethirdparties,ormakinguseoftradesecretrightswithoutpermission,orallowsotherstousethecommercialsecretsofrightholders.
d)Othermeans.
Thethird person who knowstheinfringing acts ofviolationoftrade secrets,butstillobtaintradesecretsormaketradesecretstobeusedordisclosed.
Ⅳ.Whatistheremedyabouttheviolationoftradesecret?
Inordertoenhanceprotectionoftradesecrets,Chinahasbasicallyformedasetoflawsforviolationsoftradesecretswhichresultsinsomelegalconsequencestomakesurethatthepartyshouldassumethetypeoftheresponsibilitysuchas,,,andsoon.
a)Theviolationoftradesecretsissupposedtoassumecivilliability
TherearesomeprovisionsforcivilliabilityinthecontractlawofthePeople’sRepublicofchinaandanumberofadministrativerules.Article20oftheAnti-UnfairCompetitionLawalsomadeprovisionsinprinciple.Thecivilcommitmenttotheviolationoftradesecretsandcivilcasesgenerallyhaveadoptedthe"fault"principle,namedtheperformanceofsubjectiveintentandnegligence.
“Nofault”behaviordoesnotassumecivilliability;civilcommitmenthasthefollowingmainmethods:
1.Breachofcontracts.Bothpartiesshouldassumeliabilityaccordingtotheconfidentialityagreementsignedbythembefore.Althoughtheonewhobreachedthecontractdidn’tcausealosstoacreditor,hemustpaypenalsumifthecontractprovidedforrelatedmatters.Acreditorwhocausedthelossofthecontracthasbeenscheduledforthecertainamountofcompensation,whichshouldbeinaccordancewiththecontract.Butifthereisnoagreement,itcouldbebasedonactualdamages,andtheamountofcompensationshallnotexceedtheenvisagedwhenthetwosidessignedacontractloss.
2.Tortliability.Violationoftradesecretscausesharmtopeople,theamountofcompensationshouldbemeasuredbyactualloss.Ontheotherhand,itcanalsobemeasuredbytheirearnedprofitsduringtheirviolationwhenthecreditor’sactuallosscan’tbecalculateaccurately.Besides,china’sAnti-UnfairCompetitionLawhasprovisions,whichsaysthattheinfringershouldundertakethereasonablefeespentbytheinvestigationofmisconductagainsttheirlegitimaterightsandinterests.Sothecreditorshouldnotforgettoretaintheevidenceofthispartwhiletheirlegitimaterightssufferedfromviolation.
3.Thedifferentcircumstancesofthecasecanalsobea