写作.docx
《写作.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《写作.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
写作
应用文写作
第一节私人和公务信函
英语信函主要包括私人信函(PersonalLetters)和公务信函(BusinessLetters)两大类。
公务信函,一般用来处理或讨论重要事务,包括邀请信(InvitationLetter)、感谢信(Thank-youLetter)、道歉信(LetterofApologies)、祝贺信(LetterofCongratulations)等。
按照一般的格式英语信函主要由六个部分组成:
信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结句、签名;有的信函还包括附言和附件部分(常用P.S.表示)。
信头(Heading)
信头由发信人地址和发信日期两部分组成,通常写在第一页的右上角。
行首可以缩进去写,也可以齐头写;行尾可用也可不用标点符号。
值得注意的是,英语书信中的地址与中文正好相反,应该由小到大,先写门牌号码、街名,再写城市名、州(省)名、邮编、最后再写国名。
如:
No.256,ChaoyangStreet
Beijing,100069,China
日期的写法英、美两种格式都可以,英国顺序为“日、月、年”,美国顺序则为“月、日、年”,如:
27Sep.,2006(英)
Sep.27,2006(美)
信内地址(InsideAddress)
包括收信人的姓名和地址,一般置于信纸的左上角。
在私人信函中,这一部分经常省略。
其格式和发信人的姓名、地址一样。
称呼(Salutation)
称呼位于收信人地址之下的一至二行,顶格写起,自成一行。
在私人信函中后面用逗号,在公务信函中则用冒号。
正文(TheBodyoftheLetter)
信件的主要内容。
结句(ComplimentaryClosure)
类似于中文中的“此致”“敬礼”这类的话,主要是一些套语。
一般是正文结束隔两行另起,独立成行,位于信纸的右角,也可以略居中右方。
签名
写信人的名字一般签在结尾语下面一至二行处。
在私人信函中只需亲笔签名就可以了,而在公务信函中,发信人的亲笔签名应该写在结尾套语和打印的姓名之间。
一、私人信函
1、具体写作步骤
私人信函的基本写作结构为“问候及表达写信人的思念之情——询问收信人的近况——向收信人讲述自己的情况——以提议、建议或请求结尾”。
2、必背模版句式
Howtimeflies!
Andit’sfivemonthssinceyouleft.Doyouknowhowwehavebeenmissingyoulately?
ThanksforyourletteronJune1st.I’mnowansweringyourletterandtellingyoumyopinion.
YouhavenoideahowexcitedIwaswhenIreceivedyourletter!
Iwasnearlycrazy!
ItishardtobelievetwoyearshavepassedsinceIleftBeijingforJapan.Howareyougoingonthesedays?
IamdelightedtohearyouwillbecomingtoBeijingandwillbeabletovisitmyfamily.
Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
3、范文
范文1
Aug.12,2006
DearMumandDad,
Iamsorryfornothavingwrittentoyouforsuchalongtime.IamafraidyoumustthinkIhaveforgottenyouandthewholefamily.ActuallyIreallymissyou,butIhavebeenbusypreparingmyexamthesedays.AndnowIhavepassedtheexamandfeelveryrelaxedasifaheavyburdenhasbeenremoved.Ican?
thelpwaitingtowritetoyouandsohereIam.
WhataboutDad?
shealth?
Ishestillcoughingatnight?
Ihavebeenworryingaboutit.ThelastdayIsawanadvertisementonanewspaperintroducinganewkindofsyrupwhichissaidtohavemagiceffectoncoughing.Ihaveboughtonebottleandsentitbackhomebypost.Haveyoureceivedit?
Whatabouttheeffect?
Pleasewritetomesoon,Iameagertohearfromyou.
Yourdaughter,
LiHua
范文2
June.3,2006
DearMr.Liang,
Itisalmosthalfayearsinceyousawmeoff.Icanstillvividlyrecalltheimpressivescenesyougave.AndIcouldneverforgetwhataffectionatecareyoushowedmebyhelpingmecarrymysuitcase.Youcan?
timaginehowIhavebeenmissingyouthesedays.
FromarecentletterfromMr.ChinIamgladtolearnthatyouhavereturnedtotheUniversity.Ihopeyouhavebeengettingalongwellwithyourlifeandstudies.IamsendingyouunderseparatecoveracopyofthelatestissueofTimes.IhopeyouwillfinditinterestingandusefulforyourEnglish.
Iwouldgreatlyappreciatehearingfromyousoon.
Yourssincerely,
WangNing
二、公务信函
公务信函是现实生活中应用最广的一类,主要包括邀请信、感谢信、道歉信、祝贺信、介绍信、申请信、建议信、投诉信、咨询信等共九大类,下面将分别进行介绍。
(一)邀请信
1.具体写作步骤:
首段:
说明与收信人的相关性与写作意图。
主体段落:
具体交代情景:
包括受邀请的人、邀请朋友要干什么、地点以及具体的时间等内容。
并且强调为什么邀请收信人而不是别的朋友。
结尾段:
表示期待朋友的回复。
2.必背模版句式
Iamwritingtoinviteyouto...
Ithinkitwouldbeagreatideaifyoucouldparticipatein...
Iwonderifyoucancome...
Howwouldyouliketojoinusin...?
Wouldyoupleasedropmealinetoletmeknowifyoucancometo...?
MyfamilyandIwouldfeelmuchhonoredifyoucouldcome.
Ireallyhopeyoucanmakeit.
Wewouldbelookingforwardtoyourcomingwithgreatpleasure.
Iwouldliketomeetyouthereandpleaseletmeknowyourdecisionsoon.
3.范文
DearJane,
IamgoingtohaveadinnerpartyatmyhouseonJuly14,2006(Friday)tocelebratemymother’s60-year-oldbirthday.Itisanimportantoccasionforourfamily,andasyouareaclosefriendofus,myparentsandIdohopeyoucancomeandshareourjoy.
Thepartywillstartatseveno’clockintheevening.Therewillbeasmallmusicalsoiree,atwhichabandwillperformsomepopularandclassicalsongsatfirst.Ataroundeighto’clock,wewillstartourdinner,duringwhichwecantalkandlaughtogether.Andthenallthefriendswilltakesomephotostogether.
Iknowyouhavebeenbusythesedays,butIdohopeyoucanmakeit,myfamilyandIlookforwardtothepleasureofyourcompany.
Yoursaffectionately,
GaoHui
(二)感谢信
1.具体写作步骤:
首段:
表明写作意图,让对方感受到你的谢意是发自内心的。
主体段落:
写明感谢的原因,要展开说明,可以说具体的理由也可以说接受帮助的具体事例。
比如说你在一家旅馆住了一段时间,在那里度过了一段美好的时光,你就可以写信表示感谢。
你可以从旅馆的服务、客房环境、饮食卫生等方面来说明感谢的理由。
这样展开就使文章显得充实丰满,也符合正常交际的习惯。
结尾段:
再次表示感谢。
2.必背模版句型
Iamwritingtoexpressmythanksfor...
Iwouldliketoconveyinthislettermyheartfeltthankstoyoufor...
Thankyousomuchforthegiftyousentme.It’soneofthemostwonderfulgiftsIevergot.
Manythanksforallthegoodthingsyouhavedoneinhelpingusto...
Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmygreatappreciationforyourtimelyhelpandassistance.
Onbehalfofmywholefamily,Iwouldliketoextendmysinceregratitudefor...
Nothingwillbeabletoeraseourwonderfulmemories,wewillnurturethemforever.
Thanksagainforyourkindhelp.
Mytruegratitudeisbeyondanywords’description.
Pleaseacceptmythanks,nowandalways.
Yourhelpisverymuchappreciatedbyeachoneofus.
3.范文
Dearstaff,
Iamwritingtoshowmysinceregratitudeforallofyou.NowthatIamhomeandonmyownagainIfeelextremelyhappy.DuringthetimeIlivedattheRehabilitationcenterandwasunderyourtendercare,IpromisedmyselfIwouldwritealetterofthanksassoonasIwasable.
Abundantthankstoeachoneofyouforyourpatience,expertiseandgenuineconcern.ItwasyouwhohelpedmebelieveinmyselfandgavemeassurancethatIcouldwalkagain.Iwouldneverforgeteachwordyousaidtomeandthethingsyouhavedonetome.ForgivemeforthetimesIlashedoutatyouinfrustrationandthankyouforunderstandingandremainingfirmwithme.
Neverstopyourbeautifulwayofworkingwithpeople.Yourhelpreallymeansalottomeandanyonewhoisintroubleaswell.
Affectionately,
WangFang
(三)道歉信
1.具体写作步骤:
首段:
重述自己做错的事,表示歉意。
主体段落:
说明道歉的具体原因,应尽量详细描述做错事的经过。
写信时应该注意在申述理由时要照顾读信人的感受,切忌强词夺理。
结尾段:
再次表明承认错误的态度,请求收信人的谅解。
也可以提出补救的办法。
2.必背模版句型
Iwouldliketogiveyoumyapologyfor...
对于……我向你道歉。
Pleaseacceptmysincereapologyfor...
IamindeedverysorryforwhatIsaid/did,butbelieveIhadnointentiontoinsultyou.
Let’snotputalittlemisunderstandingbetweenus.
Pleaseforgivemeforastupidchoiceofwords.
Ifeelbadlysorryaboutitandwantyoutoknowwhathappened.
Pleaseacceptmyapologiesformyoversight.
Pleaseallowmetosaysorryagain.
Isincerelyhopeyoucanacceptmyapologiesandunderstandmysituation.
Onceagain,I’msorryforanyinconveniencecaused.
3.范文
DearprofessorJackson:
IamindeedverysorrythatImissedtheexaminationyougaveonMoby-DicklastWednesday.Ifeelbadlyaboutitandwantyoutoknowwhathappened.
Onmywaytoclassthatday,Ihadaflattire,andIhadtogowiththemechanicwhenherepairedit.Ittookmemorethanonehourtogetitdone.Acopyofthebillisenclosed.
Isincerelyhopeyoucanacceptmyapologiesandunderstandmysituation.Iwouldappreciateyourallowingmetotakeamake-upexamination.IwillcometoyourofficeduringyourofficehouronMondaytodiscussthispossibilitywithyou.Onceagain,I’msorryforanyinconveniencecaused.
Sincerelyyours,
Alice
(四)祝贺信
1.具体写作步骤:
首段:
表达听到喜讯的心情。
主体段落:
对喜讯进行积极评价。
结尾段:
表达衷心的祝贺之情。
2.必背模版句型
Congratulations,allofusfeelproudofyourremarkableachievements!
Iamsopleasedandhappytohearthat...
Iwritetocongratulateyouupon...
Iofferyoumywarmestcongratulationsonyour...
Wearejustasproudascanbeofyouandsendourcongratulations.
Iwishyoustillfurthersuccess!
Welookforwardtobraggingaboutyouintheyearsahead.
Pleaseacceptourmostsincerecongratulationsandverybestwishesforallthegoodfutureintheworld.
3.范文
DearRuth,
IoffermywarmestcongratulationsonyourpromotiontoVicePresidentofthecompany.Iknowhowtalentedyouareandhowhardyou’veworkedtoattainthisgoal.Noonecouldhavebeenmoredeserving.Howexcitingitmustbeforyoutorealizeyourambitionsafterallthoseyearsofhardworking.It’sbeenarealencouragementtometoseeyoureffortsrewarded.
Sincerecongratulationstoyou.Yourexpertiseanddedicationwillbringoutthebestofeveryoneonyourstaff.They’relearningfromarealprofessional.
Iwishyoustillfurthersuccess.
Sincerelyyours,
MaLin
(五)介绍信
1.介绍信一般都包括:
第一部分详细叙述被介绍人的情况,如姓名、年龄、学历等;第二部分说明情由,即被介绍人此行的目的;第三部分写明被介绍人希望得到哪方面的帮助并向收信人致谢。
2.必背模版句型
IamwritingtointroduceGaoJian,oneofmycollegeclassmatesinBeijing.
Pleaseallowmetointroduceoneofmybestfriendstoyou.
Iamverygladtohavethischancetowritetoyou...
ThebearerofthisisMr.ZhangwhomIpersonallyknowtobeamostdeservingpersonforyourposition.
ItakepleasureinintroducingtoyouthebearerMr.Huang.
Thanksforyourattentionandhopetoreceiveyourreply.
Itwouldbeappreciatedifyoucangivehersomehelp.
Iwouldbemostgratefulifyoucouldlenddueattentiontothisletterandcontactmeat...
Inaddition,Iwanttoexpressmysincerethanksforyourattention.
3.范文
DearMrs.Miller,
I’mwritingtointroducetoyouMr.Wang,oneofmyhighschoolclassmatesinBeijing.HeispresentlyworkingforLenovoTechnologies