牛津上海版中考语法一轮复习之情态动词教案.docx
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牛津上海版中考语法一轮复习之情态动词教案
教学内容
1.形容词
一.情态动词
【知识梳理】
1.情态动词的概念
情态动词表示说话人对某种行为或状态的看法或态度，是表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态的动词。
情态动词还能帮助构成疑问句和否定句。
考纲要求了解以下情态动词：
can，may，must，need，should，shall，will，could，would，oughtto及haveto，beableto，usedto的用法。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化，其后常跟行为动词的原形。
2.can（could）与beableto
can表示能力，否定形式是can't（=cannot），could是can的过去式，也可以表示委婉客气的语气；“beableto”表示能力，可以代替can，但是can只有两种形式：
现在时形式can与过去时形式could，而“beableto”除有现在时、过去时、将来时外，还可以有现在完成时、不定式、动词ing形式等。
另外，can表示本身具有某种能力，而beableto表示经过努力而能……（强调结果），请比较：
（1）CanyouspeakEnglish?
你会说英语吗？
（3）I'msorry,Ican'tjumpthathigh．很遗憾，我跳不到那么高。
（4）Could（Can）youlendmesomemoney?
你能借给我一些钱吗？
（5）I'mnotabletohelpyounow．我现在帮不了你。
（6）Ihaven'tbeenabletosleepwellrecently.近来我总是睡不好觉。
（7）Hewillbeabletofinishtheworkontime．他会按时完成工作的。
（8）WhatcanIdoforyou？
／CanIhelpyou?
/AnythingIcandoforyou?
你要买什么？
3.must,haveto和need
1）must主要指不可推卸的责任。
Imuststartatsixtonight.我必须在今晚6点动身。
—MustIfinishalltheworktoday?
—Yes,youmust（No，youneedn’t.）
2）must在肯定句中也可表示肯定的推测。
Youmustbetiredafterwalkingalongway.
Thelightinhisroomisstillon.Hemustbeathome.
3）否定句表示禁止。
Carsmustnotbeparkedhere.
4）must的过去时、将来时和完成时，用haveto/havegotto来表示。
You’llhavetogothereatonce.
Hehadtostopsmoking.
5）haveto的现在时，可以代替must，起情态动词的作用，意为“必须；不得不”。
YouhavetodriveontherightintheU.S.A.
Ihaven’tgottogetupearlytomorrow.
6）need主要指需要，常用于否定句或疑问句。
Youneedn’tgetupsoearly,foritisSundaytoday.
NeedIstayanylonger?
7）need也可用作实意动词，也指需要，后接名词或动词不定式。
Plantneedswater.
Doesheneedanyhelp?
Weneedtoworkharder.
4.may和might
1）may和might主要指允许，也可表示可能。
might是may的过去式，表示过去的可能、许可等。
—MayIcomein?
—Yes,please.
Shesaid（that）hemightcomelate.（=Shesaid,“Hemaycomelate.“）
2）may在肯定句中也可用于表示肯定的推测。
Hemaybeathome.
3）maynot在否定句中也可用于表示禁止。
Youmaynottakephotosinthemuseum.
4）might也可用于现在时，表示有礼貌的请求，语气比may婉转。
MightIspeaktoyouforamoment?
5.shall,will和would
1）shall主要指请求、建议或表示提供帮助。
—Shallwegototheconcerttonight?
—Yes，let’s.（No，let’snot,）
2）will/would主要指“请求或意愿”。
would是will的过去式，表示过去的意愿，也可用于现在时表示有礼貌的请求。
"Willyoupassmethesauce,please?
IsaidIwouldsupportthem.（=Isaid,“Iwillsupportthem.”）
6.should和oughtto
1）should/oughtto主要指“不可推卸的义务或责任”。
oughtto的语气比should稍强。
Everystudentshouldobeytheschoolrules.
Heoughtnot（oughtn’t）todrinktoomuch.
2）should/oughtto表示提出或征求意见。
Youshouldtrythatnewrestaurant.
Yououghttoreadthisbook.It’sreallyinteresting.
3）should/oughtto用于表示劝告或建议时，可用hadbetter替代。
hadbetter（可缩略为’dbetter）是个固定结构，hadbetter与动词原形搭配使用，并不表示过去的行为，而是表示现在和将来的行为，意为“最好，应该”。
Wehadbetterstartatonce.
We’dbetternoteattoomuchfriedfood,foritisbadforourhealth.
7.半助动词usedto
1）usedto表示过去的习惯和状态。
Thisriverusedtobeclean.
Ourcompanyusedtodobusinesswiththeirs.
2）usedto构成的否定句为didn’tuseto，在比较正式场合也可用usedn’t。
Hedidn’tuse（d）todrink.
Didyouuse（d）tobeafarmer?
Heusednottodriveacar.
Usedtheytoworkhere?
3）usedtodosth.和beusedtodoingsth.的区别在于：
usedtodosth.指曾经常常做（只指过去的事）。
beusedtodoingsth.指习惯做（可指过去、现在或将来的事）。
get/becomeusedto指习惯于（指从不习惯到习惯）。
Theyusedtoliveinthecountryside.（=Theywereusedtolivinginthecountryside.）
I’mnotusedtogettingupearly.
You’llsoongetusedtoChinesefood.
【例题精讲】
例1.（上海虹口区二模）
--____youtakeamessageformyparents,Simon?
--OK.
A.May
B.Must
C.Could
D.Should
【答案】C
例2.（上海静安二模）Passengers______showtheirpassportsandhavetheirluggagecheckedbeforeboarding.
A.must
B.need
C.can
D.may
【答案】A
例3.（上海普陀区二模）--ShouldIwearasuitfortheconcerttonight?
--No,you________.Itisnotasseriousastheonewewenttolastweek.
A.mustn’t
B.needn’t
C.can’t
D.wouldn’t
【答案】B
例4.（上海青浦区二模）Don’ttalktotheelderlylikethat,John.We________respectandbekindtothem.
A.can
B.may
C.need
D.should
【答案】D
例5.（上海杨浦区二模）Allpassengers_______exitsatthenextshop.Thetrainwillnotcontinue.
A.must
B.should
C.can
D.may
【答案】A
【分析】A
例6.（上海崇明区二模）Accordingtothenewtrafficrules,alldriversandpassengers__________wearseatbelts.
A.can
B.may
C.need
D.must
【答案】D
例7.（上海黄浦区二模）
We______respectthelocalcultureandcustomswhentravelingabroad.
A.can
B.need
C.may
D.should
【答案】D
【课堂练习】
1.—CanIspeakloudlyinalibrary?
—No,you_______.Youshouldkeepquiet.
A.couldn’t
B.mustn’t
C.shouldn’t
D.needn’t
【答案】B
【分析】考查情态动词辨析，根据句意我能在图书馆大声说话吗？
不，你禁止，你应该保持安静，可知答案为B。
2.-Congratulations!
You'vedoneawonderfuljobintheEnglishCompetition.
-_______itbetrue?
Ican'tbelieveit!
A.Need
B.Should
C.Must
D.Can
【答案】D
【分析】D
3.—Dad,mustIpracticethepianotoday?
—No,you.Youmaydoittomorrow.
A.needn't
B.mustn’t
C.shouldn't
D.can't
【答案】A
4.—MustIdomyhomeworknow,Mum?
—.Youcandoittomorrow.
A.No,youneedn’t
B.No,youmustn't
C.Yes,youneed
D.Yes,youmust
【答案】A
5.Theladyinthisphotobeoverfifty!
Shelookssoyoung!
A.mustn’t
B.must
C.can't
D.can
【答案】C
6.—Ihearyou’vegotanewiPhone4S.______Ihavealook?
—Yes,certainly.
A.May
B.Do
C.Shall
D.Should
【答案】A
7.—Haveyoudecidedwhichseniorhighschooltochoose?
—Notyet.IgotoMoonlightSchool.
A.must
B.may
C.need
D.should
【答案】B
8.—MengFeihadhisarmbrokenwhilerecordingIfYouAretheOneinBeijing.—Really?
ThenperhapshehostTVprogramsforsometime.
A.needn’t
B.mustn't
C.shouldn't
D.can't
【答案】D
9.—Mustwewearourschooluniformthisafternoon?
—No,you.Allofuswillgoonanouting.
A.mustn’t
B.can't
C.needn't
D.couldn't
【答案】C
10.Thatman______bemyEnglishteacher.HehasgonetoCanada.
A.needn't
B.mustn't
C.can't
D.maynot
【答案】C
11.Incompetition,asinlife,you_______notalwayswin.
A.may
B.shall
C.must
D.should
【答案】A
12.—Shallwetakeataxi?
—No,we.It’snotfarfromhere.
A.can’t
B.mustn't
C.shouldn’t
D.needn't
【答案】D
13.—Mybrotherwonthefirstprizeinspeechcompetition.—Congratulations!
Youbeexcitedaboutthat!
A.need
B.must
C.would
D.can
【答案】B
14.Tom,you_______playwiththeknife.You______hurtyourself.
A.won't,can't
B.mustn't,may
C.shouldn't,must
D.can't,should
【答案】B
15.IsMariaknockingatthedoor?
It______beher.SheisinAustralianow.
A.maynot
B.needn't
C.mustn't
D.can't
【答案】C
16.－You_____behappywiththestrongpublicsupportyou’vereceived.
－Yes,you’reright.I’mreallyexcited.
A.may
B.can
C.must
D.need
【答案】C
17.—IsthatgirlunderthetreeMary?
—No,that______beMary.SheisinNewYork.
A.can
B.mustn't
C.can't
D.may
【答案】C
18.LisaisalittlepooratChinese.Ithinksheneeds_____iteveryday.
A.practicetospeak
B.topracticespeaking
C.practicespeaking
D.topracticetospeak
【答案】B
19.—Isthatyourteacher?
—That_____beMr.Wang.HehasgonetoJapanwithhiswife.
A.can’t
B.mustn’t
C.maynot
D.shouldnot
【答案】A
20.—Youcanhardlyswim，_____you?
—_____．Butmymothersaysshe’llteachmeduringmysummerholiday.
A.can’t,No
B.can,No
C.can’t,Yes
D.can,Yes
【答案】B
21.—______Iswimhere?
—I'msorry.Childrenswimalonehere.
A.Must,can't
B.May,must
C.Can,mustn't
D.Can't,can
【答案】C
22.—Isthatyourteacher?
—That_____beMr.Wang.HehasgonetoJapanwithhiswife.
A.can't
B.mustn't
C.maynot
D.shouldn't
【答案】A
23.—Mum,mustIwashthedishesrightnow?
—No,you____.
A.shouldn’t
B.wouldn't
C.mustn't
D.needn't
【答案】D
24.There'senoughtimeforyoutogototheairport.You______hurrynow.
A.should
B.need't
C.must
D.can't
【答案】B
1.“Whosenotebookisthis?
”“It_______Jim’s.Ithashisnameonit.”
A.can’tbe
B.mustbe
C.canbe
D.willbe
【答案】B
2.—Mum,mustIstaytherethewholeday?
—No,you____________.You___________comebackafterlunch,ifyoulike.
A.mustn't,can
B.needn't,must
C.needn't,may
D.mustn't,may
【答案】C
3.You________stopwhenthetrafficlightturnsred.
A.can
B.hadbetter
C.need
D.must
【答案】D
4.--Howisyourfriendcoming?
--I’mnotsure.He_______drivehere.
A.can
B.may
C.must
D.should
【答案】B
【分析】本题考查情态动词的用法。
本题回答语表示不确定朋友通过何种方式到这来，开车来表示一种可能性，may表示可能性。
因此本题选B。
5.Youdidnotgotothepartyyesterday,orI___you.
A.couldsee
B.couldmeet
C.mighthaveseen
D.mightsee
【答案】C
6.Thereusedtobeahightowerhere，______?
A.wasthere
B.wasn’tthere
C.usedthere
D.usedn’tthere
【答案】D
7.Youarerunningafever，you_____toseethedoctor．
A.needgo
B.musthavegone
C.shouldgo
D.cango
【答案】C
8.Youdon’tlookwell，you_______haveafever．
A.might
B.shall
C.would
D.could
【答案】A
9.---Theyhaven’tfinishedtheworkuptonow．
---Well，they______.
A.shouldhave
B.should
C.oughtto
D.oughthave
【答案】A
10.“When___heleavethehospital?
”Iaskedthedoctor．
A.will
B.shall
C.can
D.be
【答案】B
11.Jackstudiedhardand_______passtheexamination．
A.couldableto
B.would
C.wasableto
D.ought
【答案】C
12.Theremustbesomeenemysoldiersintheforest._______anybehindthechurch?
A.Musttherebe
B.Shouldtherebe
C.Maytherebe
D.Cantherebe
【答案】D
13.Themoneywassoonspent，soshe______gohungry．
A.must
B.had
C.should
D.shouldto
【答案】B
14.Atlasthe_____finishtheworkaheadoftime．
A.could
B.wasableto
C.couldhavedone
D.wouldhavebeenableto
【答案】B
15.---Youweredrivingat100kmanhour,sir．
---Butofficer，I____，mycarcan’tgomorethan90.
A.maynothavebeen
B.couldn’thavebeen
C.wouldhavebeen
D.needn’thavebeen
【答案】B
16.Why______youkeepontroublingmewithsuchquestionswhileIambusy?
A.could
B.can
C.must
D.will
【答案】C
17.Italkedforalongtime，andintheendI____m
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