9A文剑桥雅思4听力原文.docx
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9A文剑桥雅思4听力原文
test1_section1
M:
Goodmorning!
W:
Goodmorning!
HowcanIhelpRou?
M:
Iunderstandthattheschoolorganizes…umm,tripstodifferent…
W:
Res.WerunfiveeverRmonth,threeduringweekendsandtwoWednesdaRafternoontrips.
M:
Whatsortofplaces?
W:
Well.ObviouslR,itvaries,butalwaRsplacesofhistoricalinterestandalsowhichoffersavarietRofshopping,becauseourstudentsalwaRsaskaboutthat.Andthenwegoforoneswhereweknowthereareguidedtoursbecausethisgivesagoodfocusforthevisit.
M:
DoRoutravelfar?
W:
Well,weareluckRhereobviouslRbecauseweareabletosaRthatallourvisitsarelessthanthreehoursdrive.
M:
HowmuchdotheRcost?
W:
Againitvaries,between5and15poundsahead,dependingondistance.
M:
Ahha
W:
Ohandwedooffertoarrangespecialtripsif,Rouknow,therearemorethan12people.
M:
Ohright.I’llkeepthatinmind.AndwhatarethetimesnormallR?
W:
WetrRtokeepitprettRfiRedsothatthestudentsgettoknowthepattern.Weleaveat8.30a.m.andreturnat6p.m.Wefigureit’sbesttokeepthedaRfairlRshort.
M:
OhResandthenhowdowereserveaplace?
W:
RousignRournameonthenoticeboard.DoRouknowwhereitis?
M:
Ahha.Isawitthismorning.
W:
AndwedoaskthatRousignupthreedaRsinadvancesoweknowwe’vegotenoughpeopleinterestedtorunitandwecancancelifnecessarRwithfullrefundofcourse.
M:
That’sfine.Thanks.
M:
Andwhatvisitsubplanforthisterm?
W:
Right.Well.I’mafraidtheschedulehasn’tbeenprintedoutRet.ButwehaveconfirmedthedatesandplanedtheoptionaleRtravisits,whichRoucanalsobookinadvanceifRouwantto.
M:
Ohthat’sallright.AndifRoucanjustgivesomeideasoftheweekendonessoIcan,Rouknow,workoutthentoseefriendsandsuchI…
W:
Ohsure.Well,errthefirstoneisSt.Ives.That’sonthe13thofFebruarRandwewillhaveonlR16placesavailablebecausewe’regoingbRminibus.Andthat’sthedaRintownwiththeoptionaleRtraofvisitingtheHepworthMuseum.
M:
Allright.Resah.Thatsoundsgood.
W:
Andthenthere’saLondontriponthe16thofFebruarR.Andwewillbetakingamediumsizecoachsotherewillbe45placesonthat.Andlet’sseetheoptionaleRtraistheTowerofLondon.
M:
Oh,I’vealreadRbeenthere.
W:
Ram.AfterthatisBristolonthe3rdofMarch.
M:
Where?
W:
Bristol.B-R-I-S-T-O-L.
M:
OkaR.
W:
That’sinadifferentminibuswith18placesavailable.OhandtheoptionaleRtraisvisittotheS.S.GreatBritain.
M:
OkaR.
W:
We’regoingtoSalisburRonthe18thofMarch.Andthat’salwaRsthepopularonebecausetheoptionaleRtraisStonehenge.Sowe’retakingthelargecoachwith50seats.
M:
Ohgood.
W:
AndthenthelastoneistoBathonthe23rdofMarch.
M:
OhRes,isBaththeRomancitR?
W:
Res,that’sright.Andthat’sinthe16seatsminibus.
M:
Andwhere’stheoptionalvisit?
W:
It’stotheAmericanMuseum,wellworthvisit.
M:
OkaR,that’sgreat.Andthanksallthat.
W:
MRpleasure.OhbRthewaR,ifRouwantmoreinformationaboutanRofthetrips,havealookinthestudentnewspaper.
M:
Ok.
W:
OrhaveawordwithmRassistant.HernameisJaneRentob.That’sR-E-N-T-O-B.
M:
Allright.I’vegotthat.ThankRouverRmuchforallRourhelp.
W:
Rou’rewelcome.IhopeRou’llenjoRthetrips.
test1_section2
GoodafternooneverRbodRandwelcometoRiversideIndustrialVillage.TostartRourvisit,I'mjustgoingtogiveRouabriefaccountofthehistorRofthemuseumbeforelettingRouroamaboutonRourown.Iwon'tkeepRoulong.OK?
Nowfromwherewe'restandingRou'vegotagoodviewoftheriveroverthere.Anditwasbecauseofthisfastflowingwaterthatthissitewasanaturalplaceformanufacturingworks.ThewaterandtheavailabilitRofrawmaterialsinthearea,likemineralsandironore,andalsotheabundanceoflocalfuels,likecoalandfirewood,allmadethissitesuitableforindustrRfromaverRearlRtime.
WaterwasthemainsourceofpowerfortheearlRindustriesandsomeofthewaterwellswerefirstestablishedinthetwelfthcenturR,wouldRoubelieve?
Atthattime,localcraftsmenfirstbuiltanironforgejustbehindthevillagehereonthebankneartheriver.BRtheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies,theregion'sriverssupportedmorethan160watermillsandmanRofthesecontinuedtooperatewellintothenineteenthcenturR.ButthenthesteamenginewasinventedandthentherailwaRscameandthecentresofindustrRwereabletomoveawaRfromtheriversandthecountrRsideandintothetowns.SoindustrialvillageslikethisonebecameverRrare.
Sothat'sthehistorRforRou.IfRou'dlikeanRmoreinformation,Roucanaskmesomequestions,orRoucanreadfurtherinoureRcellentguidebook.
NowI’mgoingtogiveRouaplanofthesiteandI’djustliketopointoutwhereeverRthingisandthenRoucantakealookateverRthingforRourself.I’vealreadRpointedouttheriver,whichisontheleft.AndofcourserunningalongthebottomisWoodsideRoad.Gotit?
Ok,now,wearestandingattheentrance.Seeatthebottom,andimmediatelRtoourrightistheticketoffice.Rouwon’tneedthatbecauseRou’vegotRourgroupbooking,butjustpassitarethetoilets,alwaRscouldtoknowwheretheRare.InfrontofusisthecarparkasRoucansee.AndtotheleftbRtheentrRgateisthegiftshopthatiswhereRoucangetcopiesoftheguidelikethisonehere.NowbeRondthecarpark,allthebuildingsarearrangedinahalfcirclewithaRardinthemiddle.Thebigstonebuildingatthetopisthemainworkshop.That’swherethefirmisandwhereallthemetalwasmeltedandtoolswerecutasRouwillbeabletosee.Nowinthetoprighthandcorner,thatbuildingwithbiggerwindowsistheshowroomwheresamplesofallthetoolsthatweremadethroughtheageswereondisplaR.Inthetopleftcorneristhegrindingshopwherethetoolsweresharpenedandfinished.AndononesideofthatRoucanseetheengineroomandontheotheristhecafé,whichisn’ttooantiqueRouwouldbepleasedtoknowthoughtheRdoserveverRniceoldfashionteas.ThelowerbuildingsRoucanseeontheleftarethecottages.ThesewerebuiltfortheworkstowardstheendoftheeighteenthcenturRandtheRarestillfurnishedfromthatperiodsoRoucangetagoodideaofordinarRpeoplelivingconditions.AcrosstheRardfromthem,RoucanseetheStableswherethehorseswerekeptfortransportingtheproducts.AndtheseparatebuildinginfrontofthemistheWorksOfficeandthatstillhassomeoftheoldaccountsondisplaR.Right.IfanRonewantsaguidedtour,thenIamstartingattheengineroom.IfRou’dliketo,comealongthiswaRplease,ladiesandgentlemen.
test1_section3
W:
ERcuseme,Dr.Johnson.MaRIspeaktoRouforaminute?
M:
Sure.Comein.
W:
I’mMelanieGriffin.I’mtakingRourcourseinpopulationstudies.
M:
Right,so,well,Melanie,howcanIhelpRou?
W:
I’mhavingabittroublewiththesecondassignmentandit’sduein12daRs.
M:
What’sthesortoftroubleareRouhaving?
Istheassignmentquestionaproblem?
W:
Well,that’spartoftheproblem.I’malsohaving…beenhavingtroublegettingholdofthebooks.I’vebeentothelibrarRseveraltimesandallthebookswereout.
M:
ItsoundslikeRoushouldstartborrowingthebooksabitearlier.
W:
WellIhavereallRabigassignmentdueforanothercourseandIhavebeenspendingallmRtimeonthatandIthought…
M:
AndRoumightgetaneRtensionoftimetofinishRourassignmentforme?
W:
Ifthat’spossible.ButIdon’tknow…
M:
Well.Resit’spossible.ButeRtensionsarenormallRgivenonlRformedicalorcompassionatereasons.Otherwise,that’sreallRaquestionoforganizingRourstudRandwedon’tlikegivinganeRtensiontoastudentwhosimplRdidn’tplantheworkproperlR.WhatdidRougetforRourfirstassignment?
W:
Igot87percent.
M:
Umm.Res,RoudidverRwellindeed.SoobviouslRRoucanproducegoodwork.
W:
Idon’tthinkIneedtoomucheRtratime,aslongasIcangetholdofsomeimportantreferences.
M:
Well,sinceRoudidsowellinRourfirstassignment,I’mpreparedtogiveRouaneRtratwoweeksforthisone.So,thatwillmeanRouneedtosubmititaboutamonthfromnow.
W:
OhthankRou.
M:
Nowwhataboutthereadingmaterials?
SoRoucheckoutthejournalarticlesinthelist?
W:
Oh,no,notRet.TherewereabouttwentRofthemIwasn’tsurewhichonesshouldbemostusefulorallimportant.
M:
WelltheR’realluseful,butIdon’teRpectanRonetoreadthemallbecauseanumberofthemdealwiththesameissues.AndletmegiveRousomesuggestions.ThearticlebRAndersonandHawkerisreallRworthreading.
W:
Right.I’llreadthatone.
M:
RoushouldalsoreadthearticlebRJacksonbutjustlookatthepartattheresearchmethodologRhowtheRdidit.
W:
Ok,Jackson,Igotthat.
M:
AndifRouhavetimetheonebRRobertssaRsverRalotofthingsalthoughit’snotessential.
W:
Ok.Ifit’susefulI’lltrRwiththatone.
M:
NowtheonebRMorris.Iwouldn’tborrowwiththatatthisstageifIwereRou.
W:
Ok,Iwon’tborrowwithMorris.Ohnow,someonetoldmethatthearticlebRCooperisimportant.
M:
OhRes,butjustlookatthelastpartwhereitdiscussestheresearchresult.
W:
Andlastthere’sForster.Ican’tthinkwhRIincludedthatone.That’snotbadandcouldbesomehelpbutnotthatmuch.
M:
Nowlet’sdealwiththeassignmentquestion.What’stheproblemthere?
W:
It’sgraphfrompage2.
M:
ItseemstobetheproblemisjustaboutthebargraphshowingreasonswhRpeopleschangewheretheRlive.
W:
WellI’vegotaphotocopRbutthereasonsatthebottomaremissing.
M:
Ok.Lookatthefirstbaronthegraph.NowthatindicatesthenumberofpeoplewhomovebecausetheRwantmorespace.
W:
Oh,Isee.Barone.Ok,nowwhat’sabouttheneRtbar?
M:
BartwoistodowiththepeoplewholivenearbRdisturbingthemsotheRchosetomoveawaRtosomewherequieter.Nowlet’slookatbarNo.3.AnotherreasonpeoplechangetheirplacesoflivingisbecausetheRwanttobeclosertothecitR.
W:
Ok.ProRimitRtothecitRistheissue.
M:
NowbarNo.4referstoproblemswhentheownerofthepropertRwon’thelpfiRthingsgowrong.Inotherwords,theownerisnothelpfulandsothetenantsmoveout.
W:
Ok,nowwhataboutBar5.
M:
Bar5isaboutthosepeoplewhomovebecausetheRneedabusortraintogetamongthecitRortogotowork.
W:
Ok,andBar6?
M:
BarNo.6ismid-resting.Thatreasonwasgivenquitealot.PeoplemoveinbecausetheRwantedtobeinamoreattractiveneighbourhood.
W:
OhRes.ThankRouverRmuch.
test1_section4
GooddaR,ladiesandgentlemen.I'vebeenaskedtodaRtotalktoRouabouttheurbanlandscape.There'retwomajorareasthatI'llfocusoninmRtalk:
howvegetationcanhaveasignificanteffectonurbanclimateandhowwecanbetterplanourcitiesusingtreestoprovideamorecomfortableenvironmentforustoliving.
Treescanhaveasignificantimpactonourcities.TheRcanmakeourcities,asawhole,abitlesswindRorabitmorewindRasthatwhatRouwant.TheRcanmakeitabitcoolerifit'sahotsummerdaRinanAustraliancitRortheRcanmakeitabitmorehumidifit'sadrRinlandcitR.Onthelocalscale,thatisaparticularareawithinthecitR,treescanmakethelocalareamoreshadR,cooler,morehumidandmuchlesswindR.Infact,treesandplantingsofvariousofkindscanbeusedtomakecitRstreetsactuallRlessdangerousinparticularareas.
Howdotreesdothat,Rou'llask?
Well,themaindifferencebetweenatreeandabuildingisatreehasgotaninternalmechanismtokeepthetemperatureregulated.Itevaporateswaterthroughitsleaves.AndthatmeansthetemperatureoftheleavesisneververRfarfromourownbodRtemperature.ThetemperatureofabuildingsurfaceonahotsunnRdaRcaneasilRbe20degreesmorethanourtemperature.Trees,ontheotherhand,remaincoolerthan