主动语态变被动语态的方法+习题.docx
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主动语态变被动语态的方法+习题
主动语态变被动语态的方法
一、主动语态和被动语态概说
英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成:
Everybody likes him. 大家都喜欢他。
(主动语态)
He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜欢。
(被动语态) 二、主动语态变被动语态的方法
1. 主动语态变被动语态的基本方法
将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词),将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语):
He broke the cup. → The cup was broken by him.
【注意】若不强调动词执行者,被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略:
He was born in 1986. 他生于1986年。
What is this flower called?
这种花叫什么花?
2. 双宾动词的被动语态
双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词,它们在变为被动语态时,通常是把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语,而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语):
He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.
有的动词则通常把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语,而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for,与所搭配的动词有关):
He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her. (与动词write搭配用介词to) She made him a new coat. → A new coat was made for him. (与动词make搭配用介词for)
有时以上两种方式均可用:
He gave her some money.他给她一些钱。
→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to him. He bought her a watch.
他给她买了一块表。
→ A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch. 3. 被动语态的时态
被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”中的动词be来体现,其基本结构和用法如下:
(1) 一般现在时的被动语态:
am [is, are]+过去分词 English is taught in our school. 我们学校学英语。
We are taken good care of at school. 我们在学校受到很好的照顾。
(2) 一般过去时的被动语态:
was [were]+过去分词
He was taken to the police station. 他被带到了警察局。
The house was built ten years ago. 这座房子是10年前建的。
(3) 一般将来时的被动语态:
will be+过去分词
A new building will be built here soon. 不久这里将建一栋新楼。
The meeting will be held at two this afternoon. 会议将于今天下午2点举行。
(4) 现在完成时的被动语态:
have [has]been+过去分词
All the work has been done now. 所有的工作现在都做好了。
Have the letters been posted?
信都寄了吗?
(5) 过去完成时的被动语态:
had been+过去分词
He said the work had been finished. 他说工作已完成了。
(6) 现在进行时的被动语态:
am [is, are] being+过去分词 My watch is being repaired by him. 我的表正在由他修理。
The plan is now being discussed. 计划现在正在讨论。
(7) 过去进行时的被动语态:
was [were] being+过去分词
He said that the man was being operated on. 他说那个人正在动手术。
He told me that a new station was being built. 他说正在修建一个新车站。
(8) 过去将来时的被动语态:
would be+过去分词
He said that the meeting would be held next week. 他说会议将于下周举于。
4. 含有情态动词的被动形式
若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词,在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词,其结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”:
Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone. 请看以下带情态动词被动句实例:
This can’t be done in a short time. 这不是短期内可以完成的。
Can this be done by machine?
这可以由机器来做吗?
The work must be done at once. 这工作必须马上做了。
被动语态专练
一、区分下列句子哪句是被动语态的句子:
1. English is spoken in many countries. ( )
2. The students are doing their homework in the classroom. ( ) 3. The students are divided into six groups. ( ) 4. My brother was chosen for the basketball team. ( ) 5. We can finish the work in two hours . ( )
6. The sick child must be sent to the hospital at once. ( )
二、写出下列动词的过去分词:
1.clean ___________ 2. love ___________ 3. speak ___________ 4. break __________ 5. finish____________ 6. know ___________ 7. sell ____________ 8. teach ___________ 9. find ____________ 10. build ___________ 11. blow ___________ 12. give __________
三、把下列句子改为被动语态:
1. We teach English in our school. English ___________ ___________ in our school.
2. Someone broke the glass this morning. The glass ___________ ____________ this mrning . 3. They can finish the work in two hours.
The work ___________ ____________ ____________ in two hours.
4. The wind blew the clouds away. ________ _________ _________ ____________ away.
5. They sell fresh fish in that market every day. __________ __________ __________ ________ in that market every day .
四、单项选择:
( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( )
2 English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( )
3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung ( )
4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made ( )
5 New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used ( )
6 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( )
7 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need B . are needing C. are needed D. will need
( ) 8 Japanese ___ in every country.
A.is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking
( ) 9 The flowers___often.
A.must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water
( ) 10 The books may___ for two weeks.
A . be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow
( )11 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A.can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended
( )12 The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.
A.be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing
( ) 13 The teapot ___ water.
A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled
( ) 14 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.
A.speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to
( ) 15 Old people must ___.
A.look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well
( )16 Our house ____________ in 1969.
A. is built B. built C. was built D. build
( )17 The bridge ________ stones.
A. is made of B. made of C. is made into D. is made from
( )18 Mrs Fang’s book ____________ last week.
A. was published B. published C. were published D. was publish
( )19 The students ___________ into two groups.
A. divided B. are divided C. divide D. divides
( )20 Children __________ to go into the garden.
A. not allowed B. don’t allow C. don’t allowed D. are not allowed
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