中国传统文化英文课程.docx

中国传统文化英文课程.docx

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中国传统文化英文课程

.英文中国文化课程学习要点

（1）

ChineseCultureforEnglishMajors（Part1）（KeyPointsofClassroomLearning）

INTRODUCTION

1reasonsoflearningtheCourse

2ClassroomTeaching&achievementevaluation

a.topicteaching（Part1:

wisdom-p.2-,literature-p.12-,opera-p.17,painting-p.21--,medicine-p.37,wushu-p.42,;Part2:

food-p.53,garden-p.68,festivals-p.78-,culturalexchange&religion-p.86-,handycrafts:

porcelain,...-p.）&classroomdiscussion

b.evaluationbasedonobservationofstudents’presentationesp.indiscussion&terminalexam（oralorwritten）

3.theimportantfeaturesofChineseculture——theoldestcontinuingcultureintheworld（causes:

nationalwrittenlanguage,examsystemandConfucianism），centeringonman（e.g.relationship,harmony）

4.theglobalrulingculturesinhistory&future:

firstUKin19thcentury,thenUSsince1945;Chinesecultureinthenearfuture,likeChina-madeintheworldtoday?

Unit1TheChineseWisdom

TheessenceoftraditionalChinesethinking:

Chinesecultureregardshumanlifeaspartofnature.Asecondcharacteristicisitsemphasisonharmonioushumanrelationships.Thirdly,Chinesethinkingstressesself-reflection.

Focus:

Confucian&Laozi’s&Sunzi’sprinciplethoughtandsomequotationsconcerned

ConfucianThoughtonHeavenandHumanity：

TheAnalectsismainlyaboutConfucius’wordsandlifestory.ConfuciusregardedHeavenasnature.“Heavendoesnotspeakinwords.Itspeaksthroughtherotationofthefourseasonsandthegrowthofalllivingthings.”葛红兵Continuouscreationoflifeischange.”Heaven（ornature）istheprocessoflifecreation.Confuciusadvocated“standinginaweoftheordinancesofHeaven”andwarnedagainstoffendingHeaven.Thisis,inessence,equivalenttothemodernideaofstayinginharmonywithnature.RenandliarethetwocoreconceptsofConfucius’doctrineaboutpeople.Confuciusinterpretedrenas“loveofpeople”,which“beginswiththeloveforone’sparents”.Confuciusplacedemphasisonli（rituals,traditionsandnormsinsociallife）withtheaimofpreservingsocialorder,stabilityandharmony．“Theroleofliistomaintainharmonyamongpeople.”Themostimportantpartofliistheburialandancestralworshiprituals.Confuciusbelievedthebasicgoalofeducationwastocultivate“personsofvirtue”,whoshouldhavesoundcharacterandupliftedminds.Confuciusregardedloftyideals,greatvirtue,loveofpeople,andthe“sixarts”asthegeneralprinciplesofeducation.UndertheinfluenceofConfucius,Chinesethinkersoflatergenerationsallbelievedthatstudentsandscholarsshouldnotonlyincreasetheirknowledge,butalsoandmoreimportantly,broadentheirmindsandenhancetheirspiritualethos（精神特质）.己所不欲，勿施于人。

Donotdotowardothersanythingyouwouldnotwanttobedonetoyou.

父母在，不远游，游必有方。

Childrenshouldnottravelfarwhiletheirparentsarealive.Iftheyhavenochoicebuttodoso,theymustretainsomerestraint.礼之用，和为贵。

Theroleofliistomaintainharmonyamongpeople.己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。

Whilefulfillingone’sowndesires,allowotherstofulfilltheirs.天何言哉？

四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？

Heavendoesnotspeakinwords.Itspeaksthroughtherotationofthefourseasonsandthegrowthofalllivingthings.

ThebookLaoziwaswrittenaroundthesixthcenturyBC.Laozi,alsoknownasClassicoftheWayandVirtue（DaoDeJing）,ofjustover5,000Chinesecharacters,hasplayedatremendousroleinthedevelopmentofChineseculture.ItbecamethebasisofDaoism,theschoolofphilosophyparalleltoConfucianisminancientChina.ThethoughtofLaoziformedthefoundationofDaoism,alsoexertedadirectimpactonthecharacteristics,trendsofthoughtandaestheticsensibilitiesoftheChinesenation.“Naturalness”isanimportantconceptofLaozi’sphilosophy.（Itreferstoanaturalstateofbeing,anattitudeoffollowingthewayofnature.）“Non-action”isanotherimportantconcept.（Humancreativityshouldbeincompliancewith（依从）thewaysofnature.）Laozisaid,“Greatingenuity（足智多谋）appearstobestupidity.”Thisistheessenceof“naturalness”and“non-action”.Onthebasisof“naturalness”and“non_action”,Laoziproposedtheviewof“overcomingthestrongbybeingweak”.Laozisaid,“Thegreatestvirtueislikewater.”’,“Nothingintheworldisweakerthanwater.Yetnothingisstrongerthanwaterwhenitcomestobreakingsomethingstrong.”Waterisatypicalexampleoftheweakwinningoverthestrong.Laozisaid,“Awareofthestrong,oneshouldremainweak.”Aswaterdoes.Givingupthedesiretoflaunt（夸耀）one’ssuperiorityisthebasicwaytoprosperity.Remainingweakisnotonlythewaytoprosperity,butalsothewaytopreservinglife.Thewayoftheweakisthebestwaytoavoidconflict.Desiredisturbspeaceofmind.Ifimmersedinaseaofdesire,intheendhumanswouldbesubmerged.---ThePhilosophyofNon-contentionToquotethegreatphilosopherLao-tzu:

“TheWayofheavenistobenefitothersandnottoinjure.

TheWayofthesageistoactbutnotcompete.”Letusapplythisenduringwisdomtoourworktoday.Outofthecompetitionofideas,letusfindunityinaction.（2011.6.）潘基文秘书长连任演说，他援引中国古达哲学家老子“天之道，利而不害；圣人之道，为而不争”的名言，强调应将这种不朽的智慧应用。

。

。

，在百家争鸣的思想中，找到行动上的统一性。

）顺应自然。

Followthewayofnature.上善若水。

Thegreatestvirtueislikewater.

无欲则刚。

Oneisinvinciblebecausehedesiresnothingandcontendsfornothing.

人往高处走，水往低处流。

Humanstendtoseekhigherpositionswhilewateralwaysflowstolowerplaces.

Sunzi’sArtofWarisregardedasthegreatestamongsomanybooksonwarbecauseitexcelsovertheotherbooksintermsofstrategydesign,philosophicalgroundingandintacticalapplication.Overthecenturiesithasbeenrespectedas“thesourceforallbooksonwar.”TheStrategicThoughtsofSunzi:

“Planningbeforegoingtowar.”“Onecanfightandwinahundredwarsifoneknowsbothoneselfandtheenemy.”“Thearmysurvivesbytreachery.”“Winningawarwithoutfightingit”.TheDialectical（辩证的）ThinkingofSunzi:

“Thereisnofixedwayofusingforce,justasthereisnofixedformtowater.Hewhocanwinavictorybyadaptingtochangesinenemyforcesisamasteroftheartofwar.”,“Theexpertcommanderisabletomaketheenemyfollowhisdirection,nottheotherwayround.”Sunzi’sCautionsAgainstWar:

SunzisArtofWarbeginsandendswithwarningsagainstwar.“Theuseofforceisamatteroflifeordeathforthesoldiers,thepeopleandthecountry.”Suchamattercanneverbetakenlightly.Sunzi’sWisdomBeyondtheMilitary:

WiththespreadofSunzi’sArtofWar,itsinfluencehasgonebeyondthemilitarytomanyotherfields,includingeconomics,politics,culture,anddiplomacy.In2001,onlinebooksellerAmazonlistedthebookasoneofthebestsellersinthehumanitiescategory.ManycontemporaryscholarsregardSunzi’swisdomtobeasuniversalasConfucius’wisdom.SunZi’sArtofWar---孙子兵法（2500characters，influenceespeciallyinmilitaryandcommercialaffairs，amustreaderinUSmilitaryacademy,inGermanyinWWII,andsince1500AC.InJapan…inUN），

知己知彼，百战不殆。

Onecanfightandwinahundredwarsifoneknowsbothoneselfandtheenemy.

攻其无备，出其不意。

Attacktheenemyatanunexpectedtimeandplace.不战而屈人之兵。

Winningawarwithoutfightingit.

兵以诈立。

Thearmysurvivesbytreachery.theBookofChanges------易经，Confucianism---儒家Daoism---道家militarystrategist--兵家（inEast&SouthAsiaandinUN）….

Unit2Literature

Focus:

importanthistoricalmasterpieces&eco-awarenessinliterature

1..ClassicalLiterature:

TheBookofSongs—thevoiceofthetimebetweenZhouDy.andSpring-AutumnPeriod（socialtrends,joyandanger,happinessandsorrowofthepeople）,LiSao,RecordsofHistorians,classicalpoetryinTangDynasty,lyrics（ci）-----atypeofpoetrywithlinesofirregularlengthandsettomusicinSongDy.,zaju----poeticdramasettomusicinYuanDy.:

SnowinMidsummer（WrongsSufferedbyDouE）----六月雪（窦娥冤）（关..），TheWestChamber----西厢记（王..）；fiction&dramainMingandQingDynasties:

ThePeonyofPavilion---牡丹亭（汤..）OutlawsoftheMarsh—thefirstlongnovelinChina,TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms—thesecond,PilgrimagetotheWest—thethird（inMingDy.）,StoryoftheStone（inQingDy.）---culminationofChinesenovels;thefourfolklores:

LadyWhiteandXuXian,Mengjiangnu,theCowherdandtheGirlWeaver,LiangShanboandZhuYingtai;

2..Eco-awareness（生态意识）inTraditionalChineseArt&Literature:

Protectionoftheeco-environmentiscapturingwiderinternationalattentiontoday.Loveforalllivingthingsintheworldandappreciationfortheirstateofbeingcanoftenbefoundinancientworksofartandliterature.Chineseartistsneverpaintdeadanimals.Thebirds,fish,insects,andflowersareallfullofvitalityundertheirbrush.InthepoemsoftheTangandSongdynasties,birdsandplantswereoftendepictedasiftheyhadhumanfeelings.InStrangeTalesfromMake-doStudio（LiaozhaiZhiyi）,byPuSongling,humanbeingsandotherlivingthingsaredescribedasbeingofthesamekind,tosignifythathumansandotherlivingthingsareofthesamekind,andtheyshareweal（幸福）andwoe（苦恼）together.

3..ExamplesandEnglishTranslationofTangPoemsconcerningtheeco-awareness：

山居秋暝（王維）MyMountainVillainanAutumnEvening（WangWei）

空山祈雨俊，Aftertherainhasbathedthedesolatemountain,

天氣晚來秋。

Thefresheveningairblowsthebreathofautumn.

明月松間照，Intotheforestofpinesthemoonshedsherlights;

清泉石上流。

Overtheglisteningrocksthespringwaterglides.

隨意春芳歇，Thefragrance.ofthevernalplantsisonthewane;

王孫自可留。

Despiteallthis,hereistheplaceIliketoremain.

春晓【孟浩然】SPRINGTIDEDREAMS（MENGHAO-RAN）

春眠不觉晓，Inspringtide’sdreamsthedawnissweetlydrowned

处处闻啼鸟。

Tilleverywherethesongsofbirdsresound.

夜来风雨声，Iheardlastnighttherushofwindandrain.